• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.380-388
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• 2017

Factors affecting spatial distribution of halophytes were analyzed in June 2012 at the Goraebul coastal dunes. In the Goraebul sand dune, distribution of halophytes was divided into three groups. The first group belonging to Elymus mollis, Carex kobomugi, Calystegia soldanella, Ixeris repens and Glehnia littoralis was distributed in the ridge of primary sand dune and dune slack. The second group belonging to Lathyrus japonicus and Zoysia macrostachya was distributed in the dune slack. The third group belonging to Pinus thunbergii, Vitex rotundifolia and Linaria japonicus was distributed in the pine forest of the secondary sand dune. E. mollis, C. kobomugi, C. soldanella, I. repens and G. littoralis was distributed in relatively unstable habitat of sand dunes due to the large amount of sand movement. V. rotundifolia was distributed in a relatively stable habitat. Factors that have the greatest influence on distribution of halophytes in the Goraebul sand dunes are distance from the seashore, topography, and the pine forest. The Goraebul sand dune is a relatively well-preserved area with minimal human intervention. Therefore, different distribution of physico-chemical factors by natural processes is essential to spatial distribution of halophytes than other sand dunes in Korea. Significant natural processes in the Goraebul sand dunes were advance and retreat of coastlines from waves, erosion and sedimentation of sand due to wind and waves, and dispersal of seawater.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.87-98
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• 2015

The natural monument forests (no.374) located at Pyeongdae-ri in Jeju island are described and classified by using phytosociological methods and numerical analysis. The purpose of this paper is to identify the ecological character of Torreya nucifera forests between natural habitat and artificial habitat, as well as their spatial and phytogeographical distribution in the Korea. The comparison of forests between Pyeongdae-ri and other regions was analyzed by using a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) and hierarchical clustering. On the basis of the 12 phytosociological $relev{\acute{e}}s$, the vegetation of T. nucifera dominant forest in Jeju island was arranged in one syntaxon (Alangium platanifolium-Torreya nucifera community included typicum and one subcommunity) within Camellietea. The community of T. nucifera dominant forests were characterized floristically and ecologically. We discussed diagnostic species with references, and proposed a few important diagnostic species (Ilex crenata for. microphylla, Acer palmatum, Zingiber mioga, Mercurialis leiocarpa, Osmorhiza aristata, Mecodium wrightii etc.) to explain condition of the habitat and synecological character. The communities were described by concerning their edaphical and syndynamical niche; we discussed their total distribution in Korea. In most forests they are widespread in Korean peninsular and their distribution is primarily determined by artificial plantation and periodical management. The forests consisted of T. nucifera have developed from natural environment element and artificial management. As a result they have very unique characters with the floristic, structural characterization and distribution. Furthermore, we identified that they need to apposite management for sustainability.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.203-221
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• 2019

How has the use of academic journals changed since the academic library purchase policy changed from selective journals based on core journals to package purchases by big deal? The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of supply and size of academic journals in university libraries on the use of journals. For this purpose, this study used the actual usage statistics of e-journals of K Academic Libraries during 2013-2015. The analysis shows that there is a so-called long-tail shape in which demand shifts to niche products that are effective in online platforms. Analysis of the use of academic journals by year for three years showed that the use of electronic journals in K Academic Libraries appeared to be a perfect Pareto shape, which is concentrated in the top 20% of journals. In particular, in 2015, the top 5% of journals accounted for nearly 80% of the total usage. Despite the changes in the supply method and size of academic journals, users' use of journals was still concentrated in core journals.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.17-37
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• 2004

This research is speak that is tendencious in comprehension of external consumer information search behavior using on-line external information source to consumers who use on-line that is used as corporations' main strategic means. That is, classify consumer groups which was atomized according to type inflict consumer's information search knowledge level and shopping value study which use on-line, and decision factors of information search that these groups can influence a difference or each group which use information sources grasped what it is. Result that investigate information search knowledge level difference about study finding on-line information source utilization used mainly portal site, comparison site, auction site. And, utilization shopping pursuit value group used information source by portal site, auction site, niche shopping mall site and hedonic shopping pursuit value group used information source by portal site, auction site, shopping mall site. It confirmed that all variables(i.e. consumer-based variable and web site-based variable) are influencing variously in on-line external information search types. Finally, we proposed different way to erect strategic model about consumers that use on-line with study finding that see.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.214-223
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• 1992

To investigate the structure of the plant community of Mt. Jookyup area in Kwangnung forest, thirty-seven plots were set up by the clumped sampling method. The classification by TWINSPAN and two kinds of multivariate ordination(RA, DCA) were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. The classification have been successfully overlayed on an ordination of the same data using DCA. The plots can be classified into five groups by TWINSPAN and DCA. The successional trends of tree species by both techniques seem to be expected two ways in the canopy layer. The first is from Pinus densiflora to Carpinus laxiflora and the second is from Pinus densiflora through Quercus mongolica to Carpinus laxiflora. In the understory layer, it was expected that Rhododendron mucronulatum ${\rightarrow}$Lindera obtusiloba, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Viburunum erasum, Styrax obassia${\rightarrow}$Euonymus sachalinensis, Sorbus alnifolia. As the result of the analysis for the relationship between the stand scores of DCA and environmental variables, they had a tendency to increase significantly from the P. densiflora community to Quercus spp. community that was soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2012

The field of wildlife habitat conservation research has attracted attention as integrated biodiversity management strategies. Considering the status of the species surveying data and the environmental variables in Korea, the GARP and Maxent models optimized for presence-only data could be one of the most suitable models in habitat modeling. For make sure applicability in the domestic environment we applied the machine learning species distribution model for analyzing habitats of the Korea water deer($Hydropotes$ $inermis$ $argyropus$) in the $Sapgyocheon$ watershed, $Chungcheong$ province. We used the $3^{rd}$ National Natural Environment Survey data and 10 environment variables by literature review for the modelling. Analysis results showed that habitats for the Korea water deer were predicted 16.3%(Maxent) and 27.1%(GARP), respectively. In terms of accuracy(training/test) the Maxent(0.85/0.69) was higher than the GARP(0.65/0.61), and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient result of the Maxent(${\rho}$=0.71, p<0.01) was higher than the result of GARP(${\rho}$=0.55, p<0.05). However results could be depended on sites and target species, therefore selection of the appropriate model considering on the situation will be important to analyzing habitats.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.401-418
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• 2000

1. Production of the artificial zeolite from coal ash Coal fly ash is mainly composed of several oxides including $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ derived from inorganic compounds remained after burning. As minor components, $Fe_2O_3$ and oxides of Mg, Ca, P, Ti (trace) are also contained in the ash. These components are presented as glass form resulting from fusion in the process of the combustion of coal. In other word, coal ash may refer to a kind of aluminosilicate glass that is known to easily change to zeolite-like materials by hydrothermal reaction. Lots of hot seawater is disposing near thermal power plants after cooling turbine generator periodically. Using seawater in the hydrothermal reaction caused to produce low price artificial zeolite by reduction of sodium hydroxide consumption, heating energy and water cost. As coal ash were reacted hydrothermally, peaks of quartz and mullite in the ash were weakened and disappeared, and new Na-Pl peaks were appeared strengthily. Si-O-Si bonding of the bituminous coal ash was changed to Si-O-Al (and $Fe^{3+}$) bonding by the reaction. Therefore the produced Na-Pl type zeolite had high CEC of 276.7 $cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and well developed molecular sieve structure with low concentration of heavy metals. 2. Utilization of the artificial zeolite in agro-environment The artificial zeolite(1g) could remove 123.5 mg of zinc, 164.7 mg copper, 184.4 mg cadmium and 350.6 mg lead in the synthetic wastewater. The removability is higher 2.8 times in zinc, 3.3 times in copper, 4.7 times in cadmium and 4.8 times in lead than natural zeolite and charcoal powder. When the heavy metals were treated at the ratio of 150 $kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ to the rice plant, various growth inhibition were observed; brownish discoloration and death of leaf sheath, growth inhibition in culm length, number of panicles and grains, grain ripening and rice yield. But these growth inhibition was greatly alleviated by the application of artificial zeolite, therefore, rice yield increased $1.1{\sim}3.2$ times according to the metal kind. In addition, the concentration of heavy metals in the brown rice also lowered by $27{\sim}75%$. Artificial Granular Zeolites (AGZ) was developed for the purification of wastewater. Canon exchange capacity was 126.8 $cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. AGZ had Na-Pl peaks mainly with some minor $C_3S$ peaks in X-ray diffractogram. In addition, AGZs had various pore structure that may be adhere the suspended solid and offer microbiological niche to decompose organic pollutants. AGZ could remove ammonium, orthophosphate and heavy metals simultaneously. Mixing ratio of artificial zeolite in AGZs was related positively with removal efficiency of $NH_4\;^+$ and negatively with that of $PO_4\;^{3-}$. Root growth of rice seedling was inhibited severely in the mine wastewater because of strong acidity and high concentration of heavy metals. As AGZ(1 kg) stayed in the wastewater(100L) for 4days, water quality turned into safely for agricultural usage and rice seedlings grew normally.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.527-536
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• 2018

This study examined the success factors of six sigma innovation in small- and medium-sized venture companies. The findings are summarized as follows. The importance of 20 items in a total of 4 factors showed that corporate vision was number one in the manager's support, followed by program composition, passionate support, high performance guarantee, and quality activity continuity. This suggests that all members can operate the program by the structured system with a sense of united goal under the company-offered vision as a community when the goal, idea or vision of six sigma activities are shared to members of the entire organization. In addition, high success can be achieved when supported by company-wide enthusiasm and high compensation for sharers' innovative efforts of six sigma at the same time. Small- and medium-sized venture companies should develop brisk six sigma activities of advanced precision parts in such an environment that the technology competition is becoming increasingly fierce. The six sigma movement should be developed as a niche strategy for small organizations with united vision sharing by company-wide operational commitment and high self-esteem for the organizational characteristics of small- and medium-sized venture companies run by key minority organizations and members.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1140-1150
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• 2009

Forage diets provide good quality carcasses in sheep but very little is known in tropical goats. An experiment was designed with Creole male goats using grass-based systems to assess carcass yield, scores, cuts and composition. After weaning (84 d, 9.2 kg LW) two modes of forage feeding were compared with two replicates of each. Feeding groups were: PF for animals reared at pasture (n = 62) and IF when reared indoors (n = 60). Given that forage finishing will result in low ADG it appeared necessary to study different fattening lengths. The kids were equally divided into 4 groups: group A (n = 32), 4mo after weaning; group B (n = 32), 4mo after A; group C (n = 30), 3mo after B and group D (n = 28), 2mo after C. The animals grazed (in two sub-flocks) on irrigated tropical pastures managed in a rotational system (28 d of re-growth) at a mean stocking rate of 1,200 kg/ha/yr LW. The IF groups were reared in collective pens on a slatted floor (2 replicates of 7 or 8 kids each). They were fed the same stand of tropical grass (25% DM, 12% CP) as that of pasture that was cut daily and provided ad libitum. The ADG (-10%), the weights of omental fat (-60%) and fat in shoulder (-18%), the ultimate pH of carcass (-12%), the meat colour score (-24%), the ""parameter accounting for redness (12%) and the DM and lipid contents (-4%) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in PF than in IF, while the liver was heavier (+23%, p<0.05). Feeding conditions seemed to be similar, thus, differences could be related to gastrointestinal parasitism in the PF system and hypotheses are discussed. Increasing the fattening duration, resulted in significant difference (p<0.01) in many traits: the weights at slaughter and of carcass increased by 40% and 60% from groups A to D and consequently the weights of body compartments and carcass cuts (1.5 to 2.0 fold more). When the results were presented as percentage of empty body weight and carcass weight, these preliminary results (carcass weight 9kg and yield 53%, muscle proportion 70%) and qualitative parameters (low fat score 2/5, fat proportion 5%), seem to be a good incentive for the sector to develop a niche market to meet consumer lean meat expectations. The indoors system could be implemented where there was low availability of grazing areas or problems of dog attacks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.529-540
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• 2014

Korea's baby boomers constitute a quarter of the population structure, and they are now faced with super-aged era represented by the life expectancy of 100 years. Since this generation who played a leading role in economic growth of the country has needs for active participation in society and continuous economic activities based on the healthy bodies, sufficient wealth and desires for cultural consumption, it is called 'active seniors' as a new demographic class differentiated from the conventional elder generation. This study was intended to investigate housing needs of baby boomers as preliminary seniors in Seoul with the highest residential density of the baby boomers through a bottom-up process from the perspective of consumers, and to select the findings as criteria for residential complex plans. The analysis results showed that 'social accessibility' was most highly valued among baby boomers in Seoul, and 'medical accessibility' was determined to be the second most important factor. Other items such as 'convenience of living' and 'spatial cognition' were ranked as the least important factors. These findings suggest that the life style of baby boomers in Seoul is very similar to that pursued by active seniors in terms of life cycle, and it is determined to be a characteristic as a niche for housing needs different from the one found in conventional elder generation.