• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.72-75
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• 2000

For the purpose of developing the non-stoichiometric Zr-based Laves phase alloy with higher capacity and better performance for electrochemical application, extensive work has been carried out in KAIST. After careful alloy design of $ZrMn_2-based$ hydrogen storage alloys through varing their stoichiometry while susbstituting or adding some alloying elements, the $Zr-Ti-(Lh-V-Ni)_{2.2},\;Zr-Ti-(Mn-V-Cr-Ni)_{1.8\pm0.1}$ with high capacity and better performance was developed. Consequently the $Zr-Ti-(Mn-V-Ni)_{2.2}$ alloy has a high discharge capacity of 394mAh/g and shows a high rate capability equaling to that of commercialized $AB_5$ type alloys. On the other hand, in order to develop the hydrogen storage alloy with higher discharge capacity, the hypo-stoichiometric $Zr(Mn-V-Ni)_{2-\alpha}$ alloys substituted by Ti are under developing. As the result of competitive roles of Ti and $stocihiometry({\alpha})$, the discharge capacity of $Zr-Ti-(Mn-V-Cr-Ni)_{l.8\pm0.1}$ alloys is about 400mAh/g(410 mAh/g, which shows the highest level of performance in the Zr-based alloy developed. Our sequential endeavor is improving the shortcoming of Zr-based Laves phase alloy for commercialization, i.e., poor activation property and low rate capability, etc. It is therefore believed that the commercialization of Zr-based Laves phase hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH rechargeable battery is in near future.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2018

In order to industrially recycle nickel, cobalt and rare earth elements included in waste NiMH batteries, electrode powder scraps were recovered by dismantle, crushing and classification from automobile waste battery module. As a result of leaching recovered electrode powder scrap with sulfuric acid solution, 99% of nickel, cobalt and rare earth elements were leached under reaction conditions of 1.0 M sulfuric acid solution, pulp density 25 g/L and reaction temperature $90^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours. In addition, the rare earth elements were able to separate from nickel / cobalt solution as cerium, lanthanum and neodymium precipitated under pH 2.0 using 10 M NaOH.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 1999

Effects of alloy modification with the $Zr_{0.6}Ti_{0.4}V_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}Mn_{0.4}$ alloy for an electrode use have been investigated. For the alloy composition, a part of Mn was substituted by Co, Cr and Fe. The experimental results showed that Co accelerated activation of alloy, and Fe and Cr improved the discharge capacity. These results agree with P-C-T curves of each alloy. But substituting Fe for Mn showed the decrease of the discharge capacity when discharged at high rate (60mA, about 1C rate). Considering both the discharge capacity and the high rate discharge property, $Zr_{0.6}Ti_{0.4}V_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}Mn_{0.3}Cr_{0.1}$ alloy was found to be the best alloy among the alloys subjected to the test.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.8-8
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• 1999

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 1996

The effect of rolling on the charge-discharge property was studied for metal hydride negative electrode. $(LM)Ni_{3.6}Al_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}$(pleateau pressure : below 1 atm at room temperature, volume expansion : 9%, entalpy : $8.7kcal/molH_2$) alloy was prepared by arc melting, and then it was coated with various copper weight percent. The copper coated alloys were then rolled with the different reduction ratio. From the results, it was found that the maximum discharge capacity increased with increasing reduction ratio, and 15wt% copper coated sample shows the highest discharge capacity, 324mAh/g, after rolling with 30% reduction ratio. In view of cycle life for the negative electrode, the 15wt% copper coated electrode which was rolled with 13% reduction ratio showed the longest cycle life compared with other electrodes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.299-305
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• 2003

The battery industries have been developed to the implementation of lithium ion secondary cell from the cell of Ni/Cd and Ni/MH in the past to be asked of an age of high technology from low technology. Also in resent the polymeric cell to get a good high function with an age of new advanced information system is changed from the 21 century to the secondary batteries society. The properties of lithium secondary batteries have the high energy density, the long cycle time, the low self discharge area and the high active voltage. The wanted properties of secondary batteries for the motion of an apparatuses of industries of an high skill age have a small type trend of the energy density and it is become with a strong asking of the industrial society market about the storable medium of the convenience and new power energy. The electrochemical properties is researched for the cell to be synthesised and crystallized the positive active material LiMnO2 of the secondary cell at 9250C to get a new improved data of the electric discharge for that the capacitance of the LiMnO2 thin film that is improving and researching with the properties and a merit and demerit in the this kind of asking.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 1999

The $Mg_2Ni$ hydrogen storage alloys which have much higher theoretical discharge capacity than $AB_5$ and $AB_2$ type alloys were synthesized by mechanical alloying with some additives and subjected to the electrochemical measurements. Two different processes were employed to the synthesis of $Mg_2Ni$ alloys with using the high energy ball mill SPEX 8000. One was only ball milling, 12 hrs, the Mg and Ni powders for 12 hrs with additives such as $AB_5$, Ni, Co and Cu powders. In the other process the Mg and Ni powders were ball milled for 1 hr first and then heat treated at $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr to get $Mg_2Ni$ alloy, and finally the $Mg_2Ni$ alloy powders were ball milled with the additives for 12 hrs. The alloy powders prepared were compacted at room temperature under $7.64tons/cm^2$ into disk type electrodes for the electrochemical measurements. The experimntal results showed that the electrodes prepared with the heat treated alloy powders had a higher discharge capacities than those without heat treatment. The addition of Ni caused an increase of the discharge capacity and the addition of Co improved the cycling characteristics. The electrode prepared by ball milling of $Mg_2Ni$ and 10wt% Ni powders has showed the highest discharge capacity, 546mAh/g.alloy, which was 55% of the theoretical capacity.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1997

$ZrV_{0.7}Mn_{0.5}Ni_{1.2}$ alloy is attractive for anode material in Ni/MH secondary battery because of its large hydrogen storage capacity in gas-solid reaction and long cycling durability in KOH electrolyte. In this work, in order to further improve the discharge performance of this alloy electrode, the alloy was annealed by optimal condition which is for 12 hours at $1000^{\circ}C$. The alloy annealed under optimal condition had higher rate capability and discharge capacity than as-cast one. The microstructure of the as-cast and annealed alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Ni content in the matrix was increased, being this homogenized after annealing. Additionally, The measurement of the surface area by B.E.T. analysis showed that there was little difference as-cast and annealed alloy. Therefore, improvement in the rate capability of the annealed alloy is due to increase of Ni content in the matrix.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1509-1511
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• 2005

군수용 이차전지는 납축전지, 니켈-카드뮴전지 등이 주로 응용되고 있다. 군수용 전지의 경우 민수용에 비해 사용온도범위가 넓고, 진동, 충격 등의 환경시험규격이 까다로우며, 높은 신뢰성이 보장되어야만 한다. 또한 최근 환경문제의 부각으로 니켈-카드뮴전지는 차츰 설자리를 잃어가고 있으며, 납축전지의 경우 오염물질의 배출뿐만 아니라 저온성능이 떨어지는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이의 일환으로 최근 선진외국에서는 이를 대체하기 위한 연료전지, 리튬-이온, 리튬-폴리머, 니켈-수소전지 등의 개발 및 적용이 확대되고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 연료전지의 경우 상용화가 아직 이루어지지 않고 있으며, 리튬계열 배터리의 경우 이상상태에서 폭발하는 특성을 갖고 있어 많은 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 군용 니켈-수소전지를 대상으로 특성을 알아보고 배터리의 합리적 운용을 돕기 위한 배터리관리시스템에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 1998

Five different processes were selected and tested to find an useful method of manufacturing Fe-Ti type electrode. Initially, FeTi alloy was prepared by melting in plasma arc furnace and then powdered for shaping. Electroless Ni plating on these powder particles before shaping improved the discharge characteristics. The effects of heat-treatments on the electrode characteristics were also investigated. The discharge capacities of electrods were increased with the increasing heat-treatment temperatures. When heat treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ after shaping, the best results were acquired in the discharge capacity and cycle life. Both electroless Ni plating and heat-treatment were appeared to be crucial for the performance improvement of FeTi type electrode. Fe-Ti -Mn electrodes were prepared according to the process suggested in this study and tested to verify the promising effects of that.