• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2005

The planar Schottky diodes were fabricated and modeled to probe the device applicability of the cracked GaN epitaxial layer on a (111) silicon substrate. On the unintentionally n-doped GaN grown on silicon, we deposited Ti/Al/Ni/Au as the ohmic metal and Pt as the Schottky metal. The ohmic contact achieved a minimum contact resistivity of $5.51{\times}10.5{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^{2}$ after annealing in an $N_{2}$ ambient at $700^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec. The fabricated Schottky diode exhibited the barrier height of 0.7 eV and the ideality factor was 2.4, which are significantly lower than those parameters of crack free one. But in photoresponse measurement, the diode showed the peak responsivity of 0.097 A/W at 300 nm, the cutoff at 360 nm, and UV/visible rejection ratio of about $10^{2}$. The SPICE(Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulation with a proposed model, which was composed with one Pt/GaN diode and three parasitic diodes, showed good agreement with the experiment.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.78-80
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• 2000

We reprot on the fabrication and characterization of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diode (LED) with a highly transparent Pt ohmic contact as a current spreading layer. The value of light transmittance of a Pt thin film with a thickness of 8 nm on-GaN was measured to be 85% at 450 nm. The peak wavelength and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum of the LED at 20 mA were 453 nm and 23 nm, respectively. Pt-contacted LEDs show good electrical properties and high light-output efficiency compared to Ni/Au-contacted ones. These results suggest that a Pt thin film can be used as an effective current spreading layer with high light-transparency.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.2042-2049
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• 2019

Ten gizzard and three flesh samples of the broiler were collected from different locations in Tehsil Gujar Khan District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The samples were dried, crushed and ground. Pellets were prepared by pressing the powder of the samples and that of the Bovine liver 1577c reference material obtained from NIST, USA. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) installed at National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan has been used as a reliable and improved technique to determine concentration of various major/trace and toxic elements e.g. S, Cl, K, Ca, Cl, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Ti, Cd, Ga, Cr, V and Ni, in the Gizzard and Flesh samples of the broiler. The concentrations of all the detected elements in the samples are statistically significant. The certified and measured values of the elements in the reference material were in agreement with each other within a deviation of 7%. S, Cl, K and Ca are within tolerable limits and are good for human consumption. Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were more than the acceptable limits of World Health Organization, WHO whereas Ga, As, Sn, Sb and Pb are not detected in most of the samples.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.491-496
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• 2017

The hydrogen($H_2$) is promising energy carrier of renewable energy in the microgrid system such as small village and military base due to its high energy density, pure emission and convenient transportation. $H_2$ can be generated by photocatalytic water splitting, gasification of biomass and water electrolysis driven by solar cell or wind turbine. Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs) are the most efficient way to mass production due to high operating temperature improving the electrode kinetics and reducing the electrolyte resistance. The SOECs are consist of nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia(NiO-YSZ) fuel electrode / YSZ electrolyte / lanthanum strontium manganite-YSZ(LSM-YSZ) air electrode due to similarity to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells(SOFCs). The Ni-YSZ most widely used fuel electrode shows several problems at SOEC mode such as degradation of the fuel electrode because of Ni particle's redox reaction and agglomeration. Therefore Ni-YSZ need to be replaced to an alternative fuel electrode material. In this study, We studied on the Double perovskite $PrBrMnO_{5+{\delta}}$(PBMO) due to its high electric conductivity, catalytic activity and electrochemical stability. PBMO was impregnated into the scaffold electrolyte $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}Ga_{0.85}Mg_{0.15}O_{3-{\delta}}$(LSGM) to be synthesized at low temperature for avoiding secondary phase generated when it exposed to high temperature. The Half cell test was conducted at SOECs and SOFCs modes.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.172-176
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• 2005

Recently, many researches on the high-voltage 5 V class cathode material have focused on $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$, where $Mn^{3+}$ in the existing $LiMn_2O_4 (Li[Mn^{3+}][Mn^{4+}]O_4)$ is replaced by $Ni^{2+}(Li[Ni^{2+}]_{0.5}[Mn^{4+}]_{1.5}O_4)$ in order to utilize $Ni^{2+}/Ni^{4+}$ redox reaction in the 5V region. The partial substitution of Mn in $LiMn_2O_4$ for other transition metal element, $LiM_yMn_{1-y}O_4$(M=Cr, Al, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga etc) is known as a good solution to overcome the problems associated with $LiMn_2O_4$ like the gradual capacity fading. In this study, we synthesized $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$ through a mechanochemical process and investigated its morphological, crystallographic and electrochemical characteristics. The results showed that 4 V peaks had been found in the cyclic volammograms of the synthesized powders due to the existence of $Mn^{3+}$ from the incomplete substitution of $Ni^{2+}$ for $Mn^{3+}$ implying that the mechanochemical activation alone was not good enough to synthesize an exact stoichiometric compound of $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$. The synthetic condition of mechanochemical process, such as type of starting materials, ball-mill and calcination condition was optimized for the best electrochemical performance.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.388-395
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• 1997

Maintaining the original canal path during instrumentation is a challenge in narrow curved canals. This study compared the maintenance of the original canal path of curved root canals during instrumentation with two kinds of stainless steel K-files(Brassler USA & Mani Japan), K-flexofiles(Maillefer Swiss) and Ni-Ti files(Brassler USA, Savannah, GA) using circumferential filing technique to # 40 MAF on 60 extracted human molars. Buccal and mesial canals with minimal initial curvature of 20 degrees were used. The maximal initial curvature was 41.5 degrees. Sixty curved canals divided into four groups according to file type(Group 1 : Ni-Ti file, Group 2 : K-flexofile, Group 3: K-file(Brassler), Group 4 : K-file(Mani)). Radiographs of canals were obtained before and after canal shaping. And postoperative radiographs were compared with preoperative radiographs using superimposition method. Data analysis was performed using Covariance analysis and paired-comparison test. The results observed were as follow ; 1. The angle of curvature was better maintained with Ni-Ti file than with stainless steel files. (p<0.01) 2. There was no significant difference in maintaining canal curvature between K-flexofile, Brassler$^{(R)}$ K-file and Mani$^{(R)}$ K-file, although there was some differences in mean values of postoperative canal curvature. 3. Paired-comparison t test revealed significant differences within each of the three stainless steel file types when comparing the mean differences before and after instrumentation, but no significant differences were observed within Ni-Ti file group.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.342-346
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• 2004

Recently there has been a great world-wide interest in developing and characterizing new nano-structured materials. These newly developed materials are often prepared in limited quantities and shapes unsuitable for the extensive mechanical testing. The development of depth sensing indentation methods have introduced the advantage of load and depth measurement during the indentation cycle. In the present work, ZnO thin films are prepared on the Glass, GaAs(100), Si(111), and Si(100) substrates at different temperatures by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) method. Because the potential energy in c-axis is law, the films always shaw c-axis orientation at the optimized conditions in spite of the different substrates. Thin films are investigated by X-ray diffractometer and Nano indentation equipment. From these measurements it is possible to get elastic modulus and hardness of ZnO thin films on all substrates.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 1991

Proximate compositions of the roots of cultured and wild Codonopsis lanceolata were examined as tile basic reasearch for the study of their source of processed foods.No significant difference in the contents was found between the wild root and thecultivated at 3$0^{\circ}C$ in biotronroom. In view of the results to have measured mineralswhich is included in 14 sorts of Codonopsis lanceolata and surveyed their distribution.12 kinds of minerals including T1, Co, Ge, Sm, Mo, Sc, Be, Cd, As, Ga, Bi, ph are ne-vel or little included in almost source. Other twenty-one sorts of minerals (Ni, Se,Ba, Sb, Si, Ti, B, Li, Ifs, Ca, Sr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, p, Al, Na, V, Cr, K) are more or less in-cluded in all source and Ca, Mg, p, K, and Fe are metals that are included in large qu-entities in comparison with others. No minerals difference in the contents was foundbetween the cultivated temperature. The content of elements of inorganic metal differsaccording to the part of C. lanceolata.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2010

광 결정 발광 다이오드를 제작하는데 있어서 문제가 되는, 표면 비 발광 재결합을 줄이기 위해서 $(NH_4)_2S_x$ 패시베이션 효과를 연구하였고, 실제 소자를 공정하였다. $(NH_4)_2S_x$ 패시베이션의 영향을 알아보기 위해서, GaAs 기판위에 10쌍 다중 양자 우물 구조를 가진, 에피탁시를 이용하여 광 결정 다이오드를 제작하였고, 그 후 패시베이션 처리를 하였다. 광 결정 격자 상수는 600 nm 였고, 전자 빔 노광기법을 이용하여 패턴을 만들었다. 패시베이션효과는 시분해 발광 측정을 이용하여 캐리어 라이프 타임의 변화를 통해 확인 할 수 있었다. 광 결정 구조가 없는 발광 다이오드에서의 라이프 타임은 2206 ps였고, 광 결정 구조를 가진 발광다이오드에서의 라이프타임은 831ps였다. 이는 식각된 구멍의 표면에서 비 발광 재결합이 증가했다는 것을 의미한다. 패시베이션 처리된 광 결정 발광다이오드의 라이프 타임은 1560 ps 으로 광 결정 구조의 표면에서 발생된 비 발광 표면 재결합이 상당히 줄었음을 알 수 있다. 상용 에피탁시에 실제 소자에 적용 가능한 광 결정 발광 다이오드를 제작하였다. 상용 에피탁시는 20쌍의 다중 양자우물과, 16쌍의 Distributed Bragg Reflector를 가진 구조이다. 이 상용 에피탁시에 광 결정 구조를 만들기 위해서 니켈 크롬 (NiCr) 마스크를 사용하였고, 기존 식각 시간보다 세배 길어진 식각 시간을 달성하였다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1990

In view of the results to have measured metallic elements which is included in 45 sorts of herb medicines and surveyed their distribution, 8 kinds ofmetals including Co, Ge, Ga, TL, Cd, As, 8i, Pb, are never or little includedin almost herb medicines . Other twenty-five sorts of elements (Mo, Sc, Be, V,Ni, Sn, Se, Ba, Cr, Sb, Si, Ti, B, Li, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, p, Al, Na,K) are more or Less included in all herb Bedicines ana Na, Ca, p and K aremetals that are included in Large quentities in comrarison with others . Patri-uiae Radix Contains 7 kinds of metal lic elements more than other herb medicinesdoes .