• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

Genetic variation was surveyed at four microsatellite loci and 1416 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) to clarify the genetic structure of the small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis, in the Yellow and East China Seas, especially regarding four provisional populations, (one Korean and three Chinese populations). Based on microsatellite DNA variations, the estimated expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) in each population ranged from 0.776 to 0.947. The microsatellite pairwise $F_{ST}$ estimates showed no significant genetic differentiation between the populations. MtDNA variations also indicated no genetic structure in L. polyactis, but very high variability. The absence of genetic differentiation among and within populations of L. polyactis may either result from the random migration of the adult or the passive dispersal of the eggs and larvae.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.12-12
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• 2000

This paper investigated the effect of the film deposition rate for $CrN_x$ microstructure and mechanical properties. For these purpose, pure Cr an stoichiometric CrN films were deposited with various target power density on Si hardened M2 tool steel. The variation of ni trogen concentration in $CrN_x$ f analyzed by AES and deposition rate was calculated by measuring of thickness using ${\alpha}-step$ profilometer. The microstructure was analyzed by X-Ray Diffract and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), and mechanical properties were evalua residual stress, microhardness and adhesion tests. Deposition rate of Cr and CrN increased as an almost linear function of target power density from $0.25\mu\textrm{m}/min$ and $0.15\mu\textrm{m}/min$ to $0.43\mu\textrm{m}/min$. Residual stresses of Cr and CrN films were from tensi Ie to compressive stress with an increase of deposi tion rate a compressive stresses were increased as more augmentation of deposition r maximum hardness value of $2300kg/\textrm{mm}^2$ and the best adhesion strength correspond HF 1 were obtained for CrN film synthesized at the highest target densitY($13.2W/\textrm{mm}^2$) owing to high residual compressive stress and increasing mobility.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
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• pp.332-333
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• 2005

In this study, in order to develop low temperature sintering piezoelectric actuator, $Pb(Mg_{1/2}W_{1/2})_{0.03}(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_x(Zr_{0.50},Ti_{0.50})_{1-x-0.03}$ (PMW-PNN-PZT) ceramic systems were fabricated using $CaCO_3-Li_2CO_3$ sintering aid and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated with the variation of PNN substitution. The piezoelectric actuator requires high piezoelectric constant $d_{33}$ and high electromechanical coupling factor kp. At the PMW-PNN-PZT ceramics with 9mol% PNN substitution sintered at $900^{\circ}C$, the density, electromechanical coupling factor kp, dielectric constant, piezoelectric constant $d_{33}$ and mechanical quality factor Qm showed the excellent values of 7.86 [$g/cm^3$], 0.584, 1881, 485 [pC/N] and 76, respectively for piezoelectric actuator application.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.321-322
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• 2007

In this thesis, the sintering properties and piezoelectric properties of $Pb[(Co_{0.5}W_{0.5})_{0.03}(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_{0.07}(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})_{0.9}]O_3+0.5[wt%]MnO_2$ ceramics has been systematically investigated as a function of the sintering temperature after manufacturing the specimens with a general method. The lattice constant from the analysis of crystal structure showed that the pychlore structure was decreased with the increase of the sintering temperature. Density was decreased by increasing $B_2O_3$. TCFr was showed its minimum variation rate of 0.35~-0.52[%] in the sintered temperature 950[$^{\circ}C$], $B_2O_3$ 3[wt%]. The electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kp) showed its maximum of 31.116[%] in the sintered temperature 1050[$^{\circ}C$], and its minimum of 20.220[%] in the sintered temperature 1150[$^{\circ}C$].

• 소성∙가공
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2014

Functionally graded properties are characterized by the gradual variation in composition and structure through the volume of the material, resulting in corresponding gradation in properties of the material. Direct laser melting (DLM) is a prototyping process whereby a 3-D part is built layer-wise by melting metal powder with laser scanning. Studies have been performed on the functionally graded properties induced by direct laser melting of compositionally selected metallic powders. For the current study, quadrangle structures were fabricated by DLM using Fe-Ni-Cr powders having variable compositions. Hardness and EDX analysis were conducted on cross-sections of the fabricated structure to characterize the properties. From the analysis, it is shown that functionally graded properties can be successfully obtained by DLM of selected metallic powders with varying compositions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.401-406
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• 1995

The P. fragi lipase overexpressed in E. coli as a fusion protein of 57 kilodalton (kDa) has been purified through glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography by elution with free glutathione. The general properties of the purified GST-fusion protein were characterized by observing absorbance of released p-nitrophenoxide at 400 nm which was hydrolyzed from the substrate p-nitrophenyl palmitate. The optimum condition was observed at 25 $^{\circ}C$, pH 7.8 with 0.4 ${\mu}g$ of protein and 1.0 mM substrate in 0.6% (v/v) TritonX-100 solution. Also the lipase was activated by Ca+2, Mg+2, Ba+2 and Na+ but it was inhibited by Co+2 and Ni+2. pGEX-2T containing P. fragi lipase gene as expression vector was named pGL191 and used as a template for the site-directed mutagenesis by sequential PCR steps. A Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad similar to that present in serine proteases may be present in Pseudomonas lipase. Therefore, the PCR fragments replacing Asp217 to Arg and His260 to Arg were synthesized, and substituted for original fragment in pGL19. The ligated products were transformed into E. coli NM522, and pGEX-2T harboring mutant lipase genes were screened through digestion with XbaI and StuI sites created by mutagenic primers, respectively. No activity of mutant lipases was observed on the plate containing tributyrin. The purified mutant lipases were not activated on the substrate and affected at pH variation. These results demonstrate that Asp217 and His260 are involved in the catalytic site of Pseudomonas lipase.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2022

A two-layer beam consisting of an elastoplastic layer and a functional layer made of shape memory alloy (SMA) TiNi is considered. Constitutive relations for SMA are set by a microstructural model capable to calculate strain increment produced by arbitrary increments of stress and temperature. This model exploits the approximation of small strains. The equations to calculate the variations of the strain and the internal variables are based on the experimentally registered temperature kinetics of the martensitic transformations with an account of the crystallographic features of the transformation and the laws of equilibrium thermodynamics. Stress and phase distributions over the beam height are calculated by steps, by solving on each step the boundary-value problem for given increments of the bending moment (or curvature) and the tensile force (or relative elongation). Simplifying Bernoulli's hypotheses are applied. The temperature is considered homogeneous. The first stage of the numerical experiment is modeling of preliminary deformation of the beam by bending or stretching at a temperature corresponding to the martensitic state of the SMA layer. The second stage simulates heating and subsequent cooling across the temperature interval of the martensitic transformation. The curvature variation depends both on the total thickness of the beam and on the ratio of the layer's thicknesses.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.4033-4041
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• 2021

To better understand the permeability of uranium sandstone, improve the leaching rate of uranium, and explore the change law of pore structure characteristics and blocking mechanism during leaching, we systematically analyzed the microstructure of acid-leaching uranium sandstone. We investigated the variable rules of pore structure characteristics based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed the following: (1) The uranium concentration change followed the exponential law during uranium deposits acid leaching. After 24 h, the uranium leaching rate reached 50%. The uranium leaching slowed gradually over the next 4 days. (2) Combined with the regularity of porosity variation, Stages I and II included chemical plugging controlled by surface reaction. Stage I was the major completion phase of uranium displacement with saturation precipitation of calcium sulfate. Stage II mainly precipitated iron (III) oxide-hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide. Stage III involved physical clogging controlled by diffusion. (3) In the three stages of leaching, the permeability of the leaching solution changed with the pore structure, which first decreased, then increased, and then decreased.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.179-196
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• 1987

태백산 광화대에는 연-아연, 철-동 및 중석-휘수연 등의 스카른광상이 캠브리아-오도비스기의 석회질퇴적암을 주 모암으로 하여 중-후기 백악기의 화강암류와 밀접한 관계을 갖고 발달하여 있다. 이들 광상들의 화강암류와의 수반관계를 보면 철-동광상은 화강섬록암-석영몬조니암, 연-아연광상은 화강암-화강섬록암, 중석-휘수연광상은 화강암, 그리고 망간광상은 석영반암에 수반되는 경향이 있다. 화강암류의 화학조성을 보면 철-동광상과 관련된 화강암류는 연-아연광상과 관련된 것보다 K은 낮고 Ca은 높은 함량을 보이며 반대로 중석-휘수연광상과 관련된 화강암은 연-아연광상과 관련된 것보다 K은 높고 Ca은 낮은 함량을 보인다. 그러나 망간광상과 관련된 화강암은 연-아연광상과 관련된 것에 유사한 변화를 보인다. 마량원소중 친석원소인 Rb과 Sr은 K과 Ca에 관련된 변화를 보이며 이와는 대조적으로 친동원소인 Cu, Pb, Zn, W 및 Mo은 이들 원소의 광상과 관련된 화강암류에서 그 함량이 높고 기타 Ni과 Co는 교대지수 (0.14) 가 같은 Mg, Fe 및 Cu와 관계된 변화를 보인다. 화강암류의 평균 K/Rb 및 Ca/Sr 비가 보이는 범위는 각각 300~150 및 150~40내에 속하는데 K-Rb함량이 낮은 영역에는 철-동광상이 그리고 K-Rb 함량이 높은 영역에는 연-아연 및 중석-휘수연광상이 점시되고 대조적으로 Ca-Sr함량이 높은 영역에는 Fe-Cu 및 Fe광상이 그리고 Ca-Sr함량이 낮은 영역에는 연-아연광상이 점시된다. 태백산 광화대내 백악기 화강암류중 원소가 보이는 함량변화는 경상분지내 백악기 화강암류의 것과 대체로 유사한 경향을 보이고 있으므로 본 지화학적 연구의 결과는 어느 한 지역에서 백악기 화강암류와 관련된 광상을 대상으로 지화학탐사를 실시할 때 그 화강암체의 광종과 생산성여부를 결정하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2017

최근 정보 보호가 이슈화됨에 따라 지문인식센서의 활용이 점차 증가하고 있으며, 센서 인식률 오차를 최소화 할 수 있는 품질평가를 요구한다. 지문인식센서 전극과 검사부 프로브 팁이 접촉 시 발생하는 저항 값의 변화에 의해 센서의 품질이 평가되며, 품질평가의 재현성을 확보하기 위해서는 센서 전극의 변형 유발을 최소화할 수 있는 프로브 소재의 적합성과 구조 최적화 연구가 필요하다. 프로브 팁의 적합성 평가를 위한 소재로 니켈(Ni), 스틸(SK4), 베릴륨동(Beryllium copper), 인청동(Phosphor bronze)을 비교하였으며, 프로브 팁 접촉 후 전극의 압흔 크기와 접촉저항을 고려할 때 베릴륨동이 프로브 소재로 적합하다. 검사부 프로브는 지문인식센서 전극의 물리적 손상 방지와 다수의 지문인식센서 동시 검사가 가능한 구조를 위해 일체형 프로브 방식으로 제작하였다. 검사부의 재현성은 특정 전류 값을 인가하여 지문인식센서의 전압 변화로 판단하였으며, 베릴륨동 프로브 소재와 일체형 구조를 통해 센서 전극에 프로브가 300회 접촉하는 동안 센서의 전압 변화는 ${\pm}0.003V$ 이내의 우수한 재현성을 확인하였다.