• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Objectives: Diazinon is an insecticide which acts as a contact stomach and respiratory poison, and used throughout the world to control a wide range of sucking and chewing insects and mites on a range of crops. In this study, the airborne diazinon levels were measured for farmers, pest control operaters, landscapers, and agricultural chemicals sellers, and an assessment of the health risk to the workers was presented. The exposure scenario was based on the route of inhalation and skin absorption. The "OSHA Method No. 62" was used to sample and measure the airborne diazinon levels. The skin wipe method was applied to measure the level of the diazinone exposure through the skin. For the determination of exposure scenario, the exposure factors were surveyed for the daily average inhalation rate and the exposure period and frequency and time of diazinone as well as the body weight and lifetime of the workers. The median values of exposure frequency and exposure time were selected after evaluating the validity of those. Methods: The highest level of the diazinon exposure in the air was $107.21ug/m^3$ in farmers, followed by $93.53ug/m^3$ in landscapers, at $31.40ug/m^3$ in pest control operators, and $1.04ug/m^3$ in agricultural chemical seller. The amount of skin absorption was the highest in farmers at 63.39 ug/day, followed by landscapers at 10.47 ng/day, pest control operaters at 4.26 ng/day, and agricultural chemicals sellers at 0.34 ng/day. The hazardous indices calculated using toxicological reference value were 2.79 for pest control operaters, 0.41 for landscapers, 0.07 for agricultural chemicals sellers, and 0.06 for farmers. Conclusions: While the farmers were exposed to the high levels of diazinon through the air and skin, the pest control operaters, landscapers and agricultural chemicals sellers have more the diazinon hazards than the farmer based on the risk assessment in this study.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 1998

This study was conducted to find the effect of in-class nutrition education and exercise program for obese adolescent boys in Taegu with the nutrition knowledge test before and after education program and anthropometric measurement. The subjects were consisted of a normal group (NG; n= 13) and an obese group (n=30). The obese group is divided into two groups; obese group A (OG-A; n=12), participated in a ten-week nutrition education only; and obese group B (OG-B; n=28), participated in a ten-week nutrition education and exercise program. The anthropometric data of the three groups were increased after the nutrition education program. However the obesity index(BMI, R hrer, WHR, Skinfold thickness) of OG-B were significantly decreased after the programs. The nutrition intake data were also changed after the nutrition education program. Especially the intake of carbohydrate was significantly decreased in OG-B from $421.5{\pm}155.9g$ to $349.0{\pm}41.0g$ (p<0.05) after the nutrition education program. It was noted that the intake of Ca was significantly decreased in all three groups after the nutrition education program. The mean score of the nutrition knowledge test also significantly increased from $13.7{\pm}3.1$ to $17.8{\pm}3.0$ after the nutrition education program. The result strongly suggested that nutrition education program should be successful if the obese adolescents and their parents especially mothers participated in the same class. In summary, nutrition education and exercise programs were effective on reducing obesity of obese adolescents. Nutrition knowledge of obese adolescent was significantly increased after nutrition education program.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.19-19
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• 2002

This study was to examine whether the in vitro differentiated neural cells derived from human embryonic stem (hES, MB03) cells can be survived and expressed tyrosin hydroxylase(TH) in grafted normal or PD rat brain. To differentiate in vitro into neural cells, embryoid bodies (EB: for 5 days, without mitogen) were formed from hES cells, neural progenitor cells(neurosphere, for 7-10 days, 20 ng/㎖ of bFGF added N2 medium) were produced from EB, and then finally neurospheres were differentiated into mature neuron cells in N2 medium(without bFGF) for 2 weeks. In normal rat brain, neural progenitor cells or mature neuron cells (1×10/sup 7/ cells/㎖) were grafted to the striatum of normal rats. After 2 weeks, when the survival of grafted hES cells was examined by immunohistochemical analysis, the neural progenitor cell group indicated higher BrdU, NeuN＋, MAP2＋ and GFAP＋ than mature neuron cell group in grafted sites of normal rats. This result demonstrated that the in vivo differentiation of grafted hES cells be increased simultaneously in both of neuronal and glial cell type. Also, neural progenitor cell grafted normal rats expressed more TH pattern than mature neuron cells. Based on this data, as a preliminary test, when the neural progenitor cells were grafted into the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned PD rats, we confirmed the cell survival (by double staining of Nissl and NeuN) and TH expression. This result suggested that in vitro differentiated neural progenitor cells derived from hES cells are more usable than mature neuron cells for the neural cell grafting in animal model and those grafted cells were survived and expressed TH in normal or PD rat brain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1421-1425
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• 2015

Aims: Pleiotrophin (PTN), an angiogenic factor, is associated with various types of cancer, including lung cancer. Our aim was to investigate the possibility of using serum PTN as an early indicator regarding disease diagnosis, classification and prognosis, for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Significant differences among PTN levels in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC, n=40), NSCLC (n=136), and control subjects with benign pulmonary lesions (n=21), as well as patients with different pathological subtypes of NSCLC were observed. Results: A serum level of PTN of 300.1 ng/ml, was determined as the cutoff value differentiating lung cancer patients and controls, with a sensitivity and specificity of 78.4% and 66.7%, respectively. Negative correlations between serum PTN level and pathological differentiation level, stage, and survival time were observed in our cohort of patients with NSCLC. In addition, specific elevation of PTN levels in pulmonary tissue in and around NSCLC lesions in comparison to normal pulmonary tissue obtained from the same subjects was also observed (n=2). Conclusion: This study suggests that the serum PTN level of patients with NSCLC could be an early indicator for diagnosis and prognosis. This conclusion should be further assessed in randomized clinical trials.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical findings in pediatric rhabdomyolysis and the predictive factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in Korean children. Methods: Medical records of 39 Korean children, who were newly diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis from January 2008 to December 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis was made from the medical history, elevated serum creatinine kinase level >1,000 IU/L, and plasma myoglobin level >150 ng/mL. Patients with muscular dystrophy and myocardial infarction were excluded. Results: The median patient age at diagnosis was 14.0 years (range, 3-18 years), and the male to female ratio was 2.5. The most common presenting symptom was myalgia (n=25, 64.1%), and 14 patients (35.9%) had rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. Eighteen patients (46.2%) had underlying diseases, such as epilepsy and psychotic disorders. Ten of these patients showed rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. The common causes of rhabdomyolysis were infection (n=12, 30.7%), exercise (n=9, 23.1%), and trauma (n=8, 20.5%). There was no difference in the distribution of etiology between AKI and non-AKI groups. Five patients in the AKI group showed complete recovery of renal function after stopping renal replacement therapy. The median length of hospitalization was 7.0 days, and no mortality was reported. Compared with the non-AKI group, the AKI group showed higher levels of peak creatinine kinase and myoglobin, without statistical significance. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of pediatric rhabdomyolysis differ from those observed in adult patients. Children with underlying diseases are more vulnerable to rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. AKI more likely develops in the presence of a high degree of albuminuria.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2014

Background The advent of skin-sparing mastectomy has allowed for the reconstruction of the breast and nipple with improved cosmesis. However, the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) in Asian patients is more pigmented and scars easily. Therefore, commonly described incisions tend to result in poor aesthetic outcomes in Asian patients with breast cancer. Methods We describe an algorithmic approach to skin-sparing mastectomy incisions in Asian patients on the basis of the location of the biopsy scar and the tumor site and size. Four incision types are described: peri-areolar, a peri-areolar incision with a second distant skin paddle, "racquet handle," and peri-areolar with adjacent skin excision. Results 281 immediate breast reconstructions were performed between May 2001 and February 2012 after skin-sparing mastectomy. The mastectomy incisions used included the peri-areolar design (n=124, 44%), peri-areolar design with a second distant skin paddle (n=39, 14%), "racquet handle" (n=21, 7.5%), and peri-areolar design with adjacent skin excision (n=42, 14%). The traditional elliptical incision and other variants where the NAC outline was not preserved were performed in the remaining 55 patients. The average follow-up was 44.7 months during which there was 1 case of total flap loss and 7 cases of partial flap necrosis; all remaining flaps survived. 24% of the patients (68/281) underwent subsequent nipple reconstruction. Conclusions Our algorithm avoids breast incisions that are randomly placed or excessively long and prevents the unnecessary sacrifice of normal breast skin. This allows skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction to be performed with a consistently achievable aesthetic result in Asian women without neglecting oncological safety.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2008

Purpose: The Bio-energy metabolism control hormone by Adipocytokine is composed with Leptin, Adiponectin, resistin, TNF-a, IL-6. Adiponectin become known to participating in Insulin sensitivity exasperation, Fat metabolism accomodation and inducing metabolic disease such as diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipemia. When we accomplished the test with purpose of Research, we observed significance with a result of test related to diabetes mellitus with reference setting by way of suggestion. Methods: Result of normal group (n=100) which is committed in the SCL from September 2006 to December 2006 and result of control group (n=50) relationship examination item that is decided diabetes measures themselves against each other. Also, we measured the normal group against the control group for the reference range of adiponectin. Results: Result in normal group (n=100) appeared by Glucose (reference 70~120 mg/dl) Mean and the SD 96.99 (${\pm}24.35$), HbA1c (reference 4.0~6.0%) Mean and the SD 5.64 (${\pm}0.90$), Insulin (reference 2.0~25.0 uIU/ml) Mean and the SD 7.80 (${\pm}4.42$), the Adiponectin the Mean and the SD 9,861.23 (${\pm}4,977.0$). Result in control group(n=50) appeared by Glucose (reference 70-120 mg/dl) Mean and the SD 224.95 (5.30), the HbA1c (reference 4.0~6.0%) Mean and the SD 8.22 (1.63), Insulin (reference 2.0~25.0 uIU/ml) Mean and the SD 17.02 (3.01), C-peptide (reference 0.48~3.30 ng/ml) Mean and the SD 7.92 (${\pm}7.40$), the Adiponectin Mean and the SD 18,110.03 (${\pm}12,843.29$). Conclusions: Therefore, it seems that test results are significant and we consider that it can be apply to useful diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipemia patients throughout the reference range setting of Adiponectin, Leptin is one of the Bio-energy metabolism control hormone.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2016

Major diseases in grafted cacti have been reported and Fusarium oxysporum, Bipolaris cactivora, Phytophthora spp. and Collectotrichum spp. are known as causal pathogens. These pathogens can lead to plant death after infection. Therefore, some European countries have quarantined imported cacti that are infected with specific fungal pathogens. Consequently, we developed PCR detection methods to identify four quarantined fungal pathogens and reduce export rejection rates of Korean grafted cacti. The pathogen specific primer sets F.oF-F.oR, B.CF-B.CR, P.nF-P.nR, and P.cF-P.CR were tested for F. oxysporum, B.cactivora, P. nicotinae, and P. cactorum, respectively. The F.oF-F.oR primer set was designed from the Fusarium ITS region; the B.CF-B.CR and P.nF-P.nR primers respectively from Bipolaris and Phytophthora ITS1; and the P.cF-P.CR primer set from the Ypt1protein gene region. The quarantine fungal pathogen primer pairs were amplified to the specific number of base pairs in each of the following fungal pathogens: 210-bp (F. oxysporum), 510-bp (B. cactivora), 313-bp (P. nicotinae), and 447-bp (P. cactorum). The detection limit for the mono- and multiplex PCR primer sets was 0.1 ng of template DNA under in vitro conditions. Therefore, each primer set successfully diagnosed contamination of quarantine pathogens in export grafted cacti. Consequently, our methodology is a viable tool to screen contamination of the fungal pathogen in exported grafted cacti.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1281-1287
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• 2017

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is considered to have therapeutic potential for various diseases, including cancers; however, the high expression of biologically active recombinant human BMP-4 (rhBMP-4) needed for its manufacture for therapeutic purposes has yet to be established. In the current study, we established a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell line overexpressing rhBMP-4 as well as a production process using 7.5-l bioreactor (5 L working volume). The expression of the mature rhBMP-4 was significantly enhanced by recombinant furin expression. The combination of a chemically defined medium and a nutrient supplement solution for high expression of rhBMP-4 was selected and used for bioreactor cultures. The 11-day fed-batch cultures of the established rhBMP-4-expressing rCHO cells in the 7.5-L bioreactor produced approximately 32 mg/l of rhBMP-4. The mature rhBMP-4 was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant using a two-step chromatographic procedure, resulting in a recovery rate of approximately 55% and a protein purity greater than 95%. The N-terminal amino acid sequences and N-linked glycosylation of the purified rhBMP-4 were confirmed by N-terminal sequencing and de-N-glycosylation analysis, respectively. The mature purified rhBMP-4 has been proved to be functionally active, with an effective dose concentration of $EC_{50}$ of 2.93 ng/ml.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1497-1504
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• 2009

GC/MS analysis of catecholamines (CAs) in biological sample may produce poor reproducible quantitaion when chemical derivatization is used as the technique to form a volatile derivative. Significant quantities of the side products can be formed from CAs with primary amine during the derivatization reaction under un-optimized conditions. We have tested various chemical derivatization techniques in an attempt to find an optimum derivatization method that will reduce side product formation, enable to separate several catecholamine derivatives in GC chromatogram, and obtain significant improvement of detection sensitivity in GC/MS analysis. Whereas several derivatization techniques such as trimethylsilylation (TMS), trifluoroacylation (TFA), and two step derivatization methods were active, selective derivatization to form O-TMS, N-heptafluorobutylacyl (HFBA) derivative using N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and N-methyl-bis(heptafluorobutyramide) (MBHFBA) reagents was found to be the most effective method. Moreover, this derivative formed by selective derivatization could provide sufficient sensitivity and peak separation as well as produce higher mass ion as base peak to use selected ion in SIM mode. Calibration curves based on the use of an isotopically labeled internal standard show good linearity over the range assayed, 1 ~ 5000 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients of > 0.996. The detection limits of the method ranged from 0.2 to 5.0 ppb for the different CAs studied. The developed method will be applied to the analysis of various CAs in biological sample, combined with appropriate sample pretreatment.