• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2003

Newcastle disease (ND) is acute respiratory disease with high mortality in chicken and pet birds. Two ostriches aged on 51 days old submitted had showed clinical signs of severe torticolis and poor locomotion. In gross, fibrinous air-sacculitis and hemorrhagic enteritis were present. The significant lesions were histopathologically lymphocytic encephalitis such as perivascular cuffings and gliosis in neuropil. The velogenic ND virus was isolated ftom 10 day-old embryonated eggs inoculated with hemogenized cecal tonsils. These results suggest that NO occurred in the ostrich in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 2001

This Study was conducted to determine vaccination programs for the control of Newcastle Disease(ND) in chickens and investigate protective effect against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) after live ND vaccination. Maternal HI antibody titer level of chickens according to day(age) 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 were decreased gradually as 7.10$\pm$0.74, 6.57$\pm$0.74, 3.71$\pm$1.25, 2.20$\pm$1.03, 1.20$\pm$1.23 and 0.50$\pm$0.71. As a result of HI test and ELISA, both chickens vaccinated with VG/GA strain live vaccine at 1-day-old and chickens not vaccinated do not have antibody titer for protection against NDV at 14-day-old. Except for LaSota strain vaccine, in case of vaccination with VG/GA spray and VG/GA, B1 and LaSota strain drinking water at 14-day-old, the protective effect was 100% in chickens inoculated NDV($10^{7.2}$ $EID_{50}$/50${\mu}\ell$, eye drop) at 21-day-old, but not 10～50% at 28-day-old. These data suggest that live NDV vaccination should be given at 10-day-old 20-25day-old for protect against NDV at periodic outbreaks of ND caused by velogenic viscerotropic NDV in the environment of a farm.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

The present experiment was carried out to study the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease(ND), ND virus (NDV) antigens and genes in various organs from NDV inoculated chickens were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Immunohistochemically, NDV antigens were detected in the spleen, thymus, cecal tonsil, proventriculus, trachea and lungs at 12 hour post-inoculation (hpi). Viral antigens were localized mainly in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and macrophages. After 48 hpi, clinical findings of the affected chickens were open-mouth breathing, conjunctivitis, watery diarrhea and edema around the eye and neck. After 72 hpi, chickens showed muscular tremor, paralysis of the legs and wings, and coma. Histopathological results consist of multi-focal necrosis with hemorrhages in lymphoid aggregates of the intestinal tracts, necrosis of the lymphoid tissues, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, and perivascular cuffing. Using RT-PCR, virus genes were detected in the spleen and proventriculus at 48 hpi, and in the brain at 60 hpi.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-73
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• 1979

뉴캣슬병은 19세기중엽부터 뉴캣슬병 (ND)의 발생이 있었던 것으로 추측하고 있으나 영국에서 1926년 Doyle$^{62}$ 에 의해서 처음으로 발생보고 된 이내 오늘에 이르기까지 ND는 세계적으로 널리 발생되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 앞으로도 거의 근절되지 않고 계독존재하면서 양계에 많은 피해를 줄 것으로 예상된다. 이와 같이 세계적으로 분포되어 있을 뿐만 아니라 많은 학자들은 이병과 이병의 원인체인 Newcastle disease virus(NDV)에 관한 연구가 이루어져 왔었다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

There are several immunosuppressive viral diseases in chickens such as avian adenovirus (AAV), chicken anemia virus (CAV), infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Marek's disease (MD). In this study, we have investigated two broiler chicken farms suffered from high mortality in Jeonbuk in July to August 2009. Clinically high fever and growth retardation were observed in the diseased chicken. In necropsy, the hemorrhages in thigh leg and thymus, hemorrhages and enlargement of liver, kidney and proventriculus, and yellowish fluid in heart were seen. Histologically, necrotic foci and basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies of hepatocytes, hemorrhages and infiltrated lymphocytes in kidney and proventriculus were observed. By using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the genes of avian adenovirus, CAV and ND virus were detected in specimens. We suggested that these coinfection cases with high mortality were due to primarily infection of immunosuppressive diseases such as avian adenovirus, CAV, followed by secondary infection of Newcastle disease (ND) virus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1998

Serum samples collected from 30 breeders and their progeny 30 chicks. The antibodies against infectious bronchitis(IB), infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Newcastle disease(ND) viruses were detected by ELISA using commercial ELISA kit. The breeders were vaccinated against IB, IBD and ND viruses according to general vaccination program. Geometric mean titers(GMT) of ELISA were monitored from 1-day old to 17-day old chicks and compared with breeder chickens. The GMT of ELISA to IB, IBD and ND were declined half level of the breeder antibody titer at 6-, 8- and 7-day old. And, the GMT of ELISA to IB, IBD and ND were declined than that of protective titer at 6-, 1-, and 4-day old. Thereafter, the GMT of ELISA was declined and disappeared according to ages of chicks. Taken together, this study led to conclusion that time-course of maternal antibody titers of chicks from vaccinated breeders, and this is very important data for vaccination to chicks.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.21.1-21.7
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• 2022

Newcastle disease (ND), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) can be similar making it critical to quickly differentiate them. Herein, we adapted pre-existing molecular-based diagnostic assays for NDV and ILTV, and developed new assays for aMPV A and B, for use under synchronized thermocycling conditions. All assays performed equivalently with linearity over a 5 log₁₀ dynamic range, a reproducible (R² > 0.99) limit of detection of ≥ 10 target copies, and amplification efficiencies between 86.8%-98.2%. Using biological specimens for NDV and ILTV showed 100% specificity. Identical amplification conditions will simplify procedures for detection in diagnostic laboratories.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 1992

Since the first outbreaks of Newcastle disease ( ND) in Korea was reported in 1927, the disease has been a major problem in Korean poultry industry. Several attempts related ND prevention and controls have been tried and significantly reduced the ND outbreaks. However, recently frequencies of ND outbreaks have been increased throughout the country since 1988. Many assumptions such as variances of ND virus pathogenicity, decreased efficacy of ND vaccine, incorrect vaccination program etc, has been issued and discussed. Therefore, to clearly understand this recent situation of ND outbreaks in Korea, we reviewed all available past informations related with ND outbreaks in Korea and compared the virulence of recently isolated ND viruses with that of a reference one. Also, we discussed about some problems related with serological diagnosis. administration methods of vaccine and vaccination program.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.25.1-25.14
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• 2022

Background: The commercially available Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines were developed based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates genetically divergent from field strains that can only prevent clinical disease, not shedding of virulent heterologous virus, highlighting the need to develop genotype-matched vaccines Objectives: This study examined the efficacy of the NDV genotype-matched vaccine, mIBS025 strain formulated in standard vaccine stabilizer, and in carboxymethyl sago starch-acid hydrogel (CMSS-AH) following vaccination via an eye drop (ED) and drinking water (DW). Methods: A challenge virus was prepared from a recent NDV isolated from ND vaccinated flock. Groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with mIBS025 vaccine strain prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer and CMSS-AH via ED and DW and then challenged with the UPM/NDV/IBS362/2016 strain. Results: Chickens vaccinated with CMSS-AH mIBS025 ED (group 2) developed the earliest and highest Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) NDV antibody titer (8log₂) followed by standard mIBS025 ED (group 3) (7log₂) both conferred complete protection and drastically reduced virus shedding. By contrast, chickens vaccinated with standard mIBS025 DW (group 5) and CMSS-AH mIBS025 DW (group 4) developed low HI NDV antibody titers of 4log₂ and 3log₂, respectively, which correspondingly conferred only 50% and 60% protection and continuously shed the virulent virus via the oropharyngeal and cloacal routes until the end of the study at 14 dpc. Conclusions: The efficacy of mIBS025 vaccines prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer or CMSS-AH was affected by the vaccination routes. The groups vaccinated via ED had better protective immunity than those vaccinated via DW.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine whether the vaccination programs for the control of Newcastle disease(ND) would affect the immune status of Ogol chicken in Yeonsan, Chungnam province. The results obstained are summerized as followes ; 1. Maternal antibody titers level of Ogol chickes was 2 $log_2$. 2. The efficacy of the Newcastle spray and drinking water vaccine was evaluated by the antibody responses and the protection rates(over 90% ) after challenge with a virulent Newcastle disease vims at 14 days. 3. Spray vaccine caused on visible side reaction like respiratory symptoms, but it is declined of the 4~5 days.