• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.408-413
• /
• 2008

Human body has a complete left and right symmetry structure, and the left and right balance by Yin and Yang. When the balance is broken, the left and right Meridian becomes abnormal condition. Acupuncture is a kind of therapy to recover from energy unbalance of the left and right Meridian to a new balance condition. In the study, we observed the electric potential along the stomach meridian (ST) in order to verify the energy consensus phenomenon by transportation of bio-energy between operator and subject during acupuncture. The acupuncture effects on opposite meridian site were investigated by comparing the electric potentials between the right and left ST sites. Meridian electrical potentials (MEPs) between operator and subject were simultaneously generated during the acupuncture and the polarity of MEPs was opposite. The results might imply the bio-energy transportation between operator and subject. In addition, we observed three different patterns of MEPs on both ST sites which might represent the condition of the related meridians because meridians in the body are organically interconnected.

• 대한청각학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 2020

Lateralization for central auditory processing (CAP) with dichotic digits recognition (DDR) test is believed expression of hemispheric dominance. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an inflammatory and autoimmune alteration of central nervous system (CNS). Hearing alterations in MS and their role in CAP has not been well studied. A patient with MS and new kind of alteration in lateralization of CAP with DDR test is presented. A 53 year of age female with MS of 16 years of evolution, nine of them remained asymptomatic. She has a persistent advantage of the right ear for DDR test; but other monaural tests showed predominance of the left afferent pathway. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEPs) showed adequate right response with deficits in organization of left response in BAEP, and N2 wave. In the contrary direction of previous publication, we disclosed advantage for DDR test, BAEP, and LLAEP in the right ear. We observed no left ear suppression; with predominance of correct left percentages in monaural psychoacoustics tests. We must keep on searching to find pathophysiological meaning of predominant of right or left auditory laterality as a CAP disorder in patients with MS.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 2020

Lateralization for central auditory processing (CAP) with dichotic digits recognition (DDR) test is believed expression of hemispheric dominance. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an inflammatory and autoimmune alteration of central nervous system (CNS). Hearing alterations in MS and their role in CAP has not been well studied. A patient with MS and new kind of alteration in lateralization of CAP with DDR test is presented. A 53 year of age female with MS of 16 years of evolution, nine of them remained asymptomatic. She has a persistent advantage of the right ear for DDR test; but other monaural tests showed predominance of the left afferent pathway. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEPs) showed adequate right response with deficits in organization of left response in BAEP, and N2 wave. In the contrary direction of previous publication, we disclosed advantage for DDR test, BAEP, and LLAEP in the right ear. We observed no left ear suppression; with predominance of correct left percentages in monaural psychoacoustics tests. We must keep on searching to find pathophysiological meaning of predominant of right or left auditory laterality as a CAP disorder in patients with MS.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2007

Vuillaume-Okeya는 스칼라 모듈러 지수승 연산에서 SPA공격에 안전한 리코딩 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 역원 연산의 비용이 큰 RSA 또는 DSA 같은 시스템에서 효율적으로 구성 될 수 있게 비밀키의 표현을 0을 포함하지 않는 양의 디짓 셋 ${1,2,{\cdots},2^{\omega}-1}$을 이용해 리코딩 하였다. 제안된 방법은 비밀키의 최하위 비트부터 스캔하면서 리코딩하는 Right-to-Left기법이다. 따라서 지수승 연산 전에 리코딩이 연산되고 그 결과를 저장하는 추가적인 공간이 필요하게 된다. 본 논문은 Left-to-Right 방향으로 수행하는 새로운 리코딩 방법들을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 (1) 일반적으로 윈도우 크기가 ${\omega}$인 SPA에 안전한 부호가 없는 Left-to-Right리코딩 방법이고 (2) 윈도우 크기 ${\omega}=1$(즉, {1,2}로 구성된 부호가 없는 이진 표현)인 경우는 일반적인 윈도우 크기 ${\omega}$에 제안된 기법보다 훨씬 간단하게 변형할 수 있다. 또한 (3) 제안된 리코딩 방법은 부호가 없는 comb 방법에도 적용하여 SPA에 안전하게 수행할 수 있고, (4) 기수가 ${\gamma}$인 경우에도 확장하여 SPA에 안전하게 대응할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 Left-to-Right리코딩 기법들은 메모리의 제약을 받는 장비인 스마트 카드, 센서 노드에 적합하다.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 2018

Fabry disease is a hereditary lysosomal storage disorder caused by the reduction or absence of lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A and the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in various organs, including the heart. The prevention of cardiac involvement in Fabry disease can only be achieved by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), and the method of assessing the efficacy of ERT should be confirmed. Changes in the electrocardiogram, such as the shortening of PQ interval, prolongation of QTc and repolarization abnormalities as well as left ventricular hypertrophy in voltage criteria, can be used to identify Fabry disease patients; however, the usefulness of electrocardiograms for evaluating the efficacy of ERT is limited. The assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy using echocardiography has been established to evaluate the efficacy of ERT during long-term period. A new technique involving speckled tracking method might be useful for detecting early cardiac dysfunction and identifying the effect of ERT for a relatively short period. The estimation of left ventricular hypertrophy using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is also useful for assessing the efficacy of ERT. Identifying late gadolinium enhancement in CMR may affect the effectiveness of ERT, and the new technique of T1 mapping might be useful for monitoring the accumulation of Gb3 during ERT. Histopathology in cardiac biopsy specimens is another potentially useful method for identifying the accumulation of GB3; however, the use of histopathology to evaluate of the efficacy of ERT is limited because of the invasive nature of an endomyocardial biopsy.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.78-86
• /
• 2012

Three ciliate species of genus Cyrtohymena, C. australis Foissner, 1995, C. citrina (Berger & Foissner, 1987) and C. muscorum (Kahl, 1932) new to Korea, were collected from semi-terrestrial habitats. The description was based on the observation of live and silver stained specimens. Diagnostic characteristics of these species are as follows. C. autralis: size about $275{\times}100{\mu}m$ in live specimens. Cortical granules yellowish. 18-31 right and 31-40 left marginal cirri in number. Dorsal kineties eight rows. C. citrina: size about $180{\times}50{\mu}m$ in live specimens. Cortical granules yellowish. 26-32 right and 23-27 left marginal cirri in number. Dorsal kineties five to six rows. C. muscorum: size about $180{\times}60{\mu}m$ in live specimens. Cortical granules reddish. 31-34 right and 33-36 left marginal cirri in number. Dorsal kineties six rows. Three species of Cyrtohymena have been added to Korean ciliate fauna from this study. Including previous one species of C. quadrinucleata, four species of this genus in total have been recorded so far in this country.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.1009-1016
• /
• 1999

Background: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery(MIDCAB) has been increasing in interest along with the new techniques in myocardial immobilization for easier and safer procedures. Until the opening of the era of new techniques, adequate accuracy and good patency of grafts were debatable. Our experiences of MIDCAB were studied according to the stages of technical developments. Material and Methods: Since March 1996, 55 patients have undergone MIDCAB procedures. The patients of off-pump CABG(no cardiopulmonary bypass under full sternotomy) were excluded from the study. In the early experience(Stage I), a left anterior small thoracotomy through the left parasternal incision was performed(n=6); then an approach through the lower partial sternotomy was used(Stage II, n=33); and recently, a chest wall elevator for harvesting the internal thoracic artery and the foot plate for myocardial immobilization have been used(USSC, Norwalk, CT)(Stage III, n=16). Result: The surgical procedures of four patients in the Stage II group have been converted to conventional bypass because of the deeply seated left anterior descending coronary artery in two patients, fracture of the calcific lesion in the right coronary artery in one patient, and a cardiogenic shock during hypothermia in the other patient with ventricular dysfunction. Two patients in stage II experienced symptomatic recurrences after surgery and restenosis was verified on angiocardiography. They were managed by interventional procedures. All the other patients were doing well without symptoms, except one patients in Stage II who underwent PTCA procedure for a lesion in the circumflex artery during the follow up period. Conclusion: The new and specialized devices are essential to the development of MIDCAB surgery. MIDCAB and the hybrid procedures in multi-vessel disease are on the way to further development. So far, our experience is limited only to a single device among the many new devices for the purpose.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.501-507
• /
• 2005

A Boolean matrix with rank 1 is factored as a left factor and a right factor. The perimeter of a rank-1 Boolean matrix is defined as the number of nonzero entries in the left factor and the right factor of the given matrix. We obtain new characterizations of rank preservers, in terms of perimeter, of Boolean matrices.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.236-240
• /
• 1993

Video thoracoscopic surgery is a new modality that gains acceptance rapidly from thoracic surgeons. We have experienced two left lower lobectomies, one left upper lobectomy & one right upper lobectomy with using video thoracoscopy for the four patients with lung parenchymal disease from July 1992 to February 1993. The post-operative courses were uneventful. The final pathologic diagnosis were sclerosing hemangioma, adenocarcinoma, bronchiectasis, leiomyoma & the post-operative courses were short. These patients needed less analgesics because postoperative pain was reduced markedly, and hospitalization was shortened due to rapid recovery. We would like to prefer video thoracoscopic lobectomy to the lobectomy through standard thoracotomy in uncomplicated patients with simple pulmonary parenchymal diseases.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제63권4호
• /
• pp.521-537
• /
• 2023

A module M is called a simple-direct-injective module if, whenever A and B are simple submodules of M with A ≅ B and B is a direct summand of M, then A is a direct summand of M. Some new characterizations of these modules are proved. The structure of simple-direct-injective modules over a commutative Dedekind domain is fully determined. Also, some relevant counterexamples are indicated to show that a left simple-direct-injective ring need not be right simple-direct-injective.