• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 1991

According to the Established Regulations of National Institute of Safety Research, the skin-irritation test of BST-SR (Lucky Ltd.) was perfonned for seven days in New Zealand White Rabbits. During treatment periods no significant clinical symptom was observed. Significant changes such as erythema, scar tissue and edema were not shown on the applicating sites. According to Primary Irritation Index of Draize, skin irritation rate was assessed as "Zero". The eye irritation of BST-SR (Lucky Ltd.) was examined in nine New Zealand White rabbits, based on the Established Regulation of National Institute of Safety Research. 0.1 ml of test material was dropped on right eye, and after 20~30 seconds, three rabbits' eyes were cleaned with wann saline for 1 minute. Other six rabbits' eyes were left uncleaned. The untreated left eyes were negative control. The lesions of cornea, iris and conjuntiva were assessed by the Grade table (from the Regulation of National Institute of Safety Research), and it is concluded that BST-SR has no eye-irritation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.317-332
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the natural coral(NC) and the hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate hemihydrate(HA/CS) on an early stages of wound healing in the rat periodontal fenestration defects. In this experiment, twelve male rats(Mean : 520g in BW) aged 8 to 9 months were used. Experimental periodontal fenestration defects were surgically created with tapered fissure bur at the buccal surface of the left mandibular 1st, 2nd molars. The buccal aspects of molar roots were carefully denuded of their periodontal ligament through a bony window created in the left mandibles of rats under general anesthesia. Each experimental periodontal fenestration defect was grafted with natural coral and HA/CS, randomly. An area without bone graft was assigned for negative control group. At 10,35 days, rats were serially sacrificed via intracardiac perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and specimens were processed with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The defect areas were filled with dense connective tissues at 10 days in control group. But in the test(NC, HA/CS)groups, the connective tissues around graft materials were formed more loosely and the response of inflammation by graft materials itself was not found. 2. The defect areas were filled with new osteoid tissues and new cementum was not formed on the cut root surface at 35 days in the control group. 3. New osteoid tissue formation was more prominent at 35 days in control than test groups. 4. The NC and HA/CS particles were encapsulated by loose connective tissues at 10 days and by dense connective tissues at 35 days, respectively. 5. In the test groups, resorption of graft particles was not found through the experimental time. From the above results, natural coral and hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate hemihydrate may be biocompatible and osteoconductive and have a weak adverse reaction to the periodontal tissues.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 2005

D. K. LEE, J. S. LEE, B. J. LEE, H. S. LEE, Y. J. KIM, S. B. PARK, J. P. JOO. Plantar foot pressure analysis during golf swing motion using plantar foot pressure measurement system. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 75-89, 2005. In this study, weight carrying pattern analysis and comparison method of four foot region were suggested. We used three types of club(driver, iron7, pitching wedge). This analysis method can compare between top class golfer and beginner. And the comparison data can be used to correct the swing pose of trainee. If motion analysis system, which can measure the swing speed and instantaneous acceleration at the point of hitting a ball, is combined with this plantar foot force analysis method, new design development of golf shoes to increase comfort and ball flight distance will be available. 1. Address acting, forces concentrated in rare foot regions and lateral foot of right foot. Back swing top acting, relatively high force occurred in medial forefoot region of left foot and forefoot region of right foot. Impact acting, high force value observed in the lateral rarefoot region of left foot and medial forefoot region of right foot. Finish acting, force concentration observed on the lateral region and rarefoot region of left foot. 2. Forces were increased in address of right foot with clubs length increased. All clubs, back swing top acting, high force value observed in the lateral forefoot region of right foot. All clubs, in impact, high force value observed in the lateral rarefoot region of left foot and medial forefoot region of right foot. Finish acting, force concentration observed on the rarefoot region in driver and lateral foot region in iron on left foot. 3. Right foot forces distribution were increased in address, back swing top and left foot force distribution were increased in impact, finnish

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.893-901
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• 1994

Forty nine patients [M: 31, F: 18], age from 2 months to 17 years [mean= 4.9 years], underwent operations, from April 1986 to December 1992, for the relief of subvalvular aortic stenosis in normal atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections.There were 4 anatomic types of subaortic stenosis : membranous in 29 cases [59.2%], fibromuscular in 11 [22.4%], diffuse tunnel type in 7 [14.3%], and miscellaneous in 2 cases. Thirty four patients [69.4%] had associated cardiac anomalies, of which ventricular septal defect was the most common [27 cases]. Other anomalies were patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, valvular aortic stenosis, double chambered right ventricle [DCRV], infundibular pulmonic stenosis, persistent left superior vena cava, and rigt aortic arch. Mean systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle and ascending aorta was 26.4$\pm$17.6 mmHg : 13.1$\pm$17.6mmHg in the membranous type, 22.0$\pm$18.4mmHg in the fibromucular type, and 56.1$\pm$38.4mmHg in the diffuse tunnel type. Operative procedures were determined according to the type of subvalvular aortic stenosis : simple excision of subaortic membrane in the membranous type [29 cases], left ventricular myectomy with or without myotomy or fibrous tissue excision in the fibromuscular type [11 cases]. Among the 7 of diffuse tunnel type cases, ventricular myectomy was performed in 2 and a modified Konno operation was performed in 5 . Postoperative follow up was made with periodic echocardiography. The Mean postoperative follow up period was 33.8 months. There were 2 hospital mortalities [4.1%] and 2 late deaths. Residual stenosis remained in 3 cases and recurrence developed in 2 cases during the follow up period. 5 years actuarial survival rate was 91.8$\pm$3.9% and 5 year complication free rate was 72.3$\pm$10.4%. Conclusions : 1. Subvalvular aortic stenosis should be relieved completely as soon as possible when diagnosed, regardless of left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient. 2. Good results were obtained using only simple excision of subaortic membrane in the membranous type of subaortic stenosis. However, aortoventriculoplasty [modified Konno prodedure] was necessary for good results in the diffuse tunnel type. 3. Periodic postoperative echocardiography was helpful in detecting the progression of residual stenosis and development of new stenosis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2008

Objectives : Oriental Medicine Music Therapy is a new way of treating and preventing various diseases and promoting health by means of music specially picked and designed to produce Qi(氣) fitting to an individual person in the areas of the structure of human body, physiological function, pathological change, diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it can facilitate the efficiency of the treatment much better and faster than only with herb or acupuncture. Equilibrium between body and mind is its originality. Methods : A 38-year old man came to hospital suffering from left side weakness, dysarthria because of cerebral infarction. After one week's medication in the part of neurology, he was sent to the oriental medicine music therapy center, and he took ten times' medical treatments once a day. Before and after the treatments, implementing 'Ink foot print analysis', as for the movement capacity and walking of left side weakness, these results are acquired. Results and Conclusions : 1. Before the oriental medicine music therapy, except the acceleration and deceleration section, within three meters, a right foot's step was measured 30.55 cm and a left foot was measured 15.2 cm, and the step distance was 15.2 cm. After the 10 times treatments, the right foot's step was 112.6 cm, the left foot's step was 113 cm, and the step distance improved to 51.8 cm. 2. The normal person's average step is about 38 cm, and it could be decreased owing to a decreptitude, pain, fatigue, and the weakness of the legs. In spite of all, from the increased 50 cm step measurement with the patient's body condition, it means that his movement capacity is recovered. 3. In the measurement of walking time, before 10 times treatments, it took 46.35 seconds within 6M, but after the treatments, it increased to 7.47 seconds as same as a normal person's walking speed. 4. In insomnia, and the abnormality of a facial muscle, it shows lots of improvement, and even the accuracy of a pronunciation, but despite of the 10 times treatments, the 'ㄹ(r)' sound placed under a vowel is unclear. 5. Before the 10 times' treatments, he can move the left side shoulder with pain and cannot move below the left elbow. After the treatments, the pain was disappeared, and he was able to move over 60 cm without pain. And improving of the movement of fingers, he can beat over 8 times with a drumstick.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.83-92
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• 2007

In 2004, the number of traffic crashes and deaths in Korea are 220,755 and 6,563, respectively. Korea Road Traffic Safety Authority reported that the number of traffic accidents occupies over 25% out of total accidents, and found that traffic crash probability is extremely high at intersections since intersections have various traffic conflict points. A Safety study using Traffic Conflict Technique is much more useful than a study using reported traffic accident data. Existing traffic conflict research hardly considered conflict severity occurring at intersections. So, the study developed new criteria considering conflict severity. Analytic methods precisely detecting crashing points using field surveying data, and applied an application of our new criteria. Opposing left-turn conflict criteria was devided by three groups(high severe conflict, middle severe conflict, and less severe conflict) based on conflict boundary by means of a standard vehicle length. After analyzing field surveying data(3hours), we found totally 41 opposing left-turn conflicts. 3 cases are high severe conflict, and another 10 cases are middle severe conflicts, and the other cases are less severe. Studies related in conflict severity are considerably important to evaluate intersection's detailed safety index, and existing studies(purely conflict counting does not consider severity) have a limitation to clearly determine the level of safety of intersections for an application.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.2 no.2 s.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 1994

Analysis of the aeromagnetic data aquired by US Navy in the year 1969 permits us to predict a new sedimentary basin, Heugsan Basin, south of the known Gunsan Basin in Block Ⅱ. The basin appears to consist of three sub-basins trending NNW-SSE. The results of our analysis provide not only an independent assessment of the Gunsan Basin, but also new important information on the tectonic origin and mechanism for the two basins as well as for the entire region. The basin forming tectonic style is interpreted as rhombochasm associated with double overstepped left-lateral wrench faults. From the magnetic evidence, a few NE-SW trending major onshore faults are extended to the study area. We also interpreted the nature of the faults to be left-lateral wrenches. This new gross structural style is consistent with the results of recent Yeongdong Basin analysis by Lee. The senses of fault movement are also supported by the paleomagnetic evidence that the Philippine Sea had experienced an 80-degree clockwise rotation since the Eocene. Based on a 2 $\frac{1}{2}$ model study the probable maximum thickness of the sediments in the Gunsan Basin is approximately 7500 meters. We believe that the new Heugsan Basin was left unidentified because a high velocity layer may be overlying the basin. Because the overall structural configuration of the Heugsan Basin appears to be favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation, a detailed airborne magnetic survey is recommended in the area in order to verify the magnetic expression of this thick basin. A detailed subsequent marine gravity survey is also recommended in order to delineate the sedimentary section and to acquire supplemental data to the magnetic method only if an overlying high velocity layer is confirmed. Otherwise a high energy source seismic survey may be more effective.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.99-102
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• 2007

An alpheid shrimp Betaeus gelasinifer Nomura and Komai, 2000 new to Korean waters is described and illustrated based on two specimens collected from Changseun and Ulleungdo Island, Korea. This is the first record of B. gelasinifer outside Japanese waters. B. gelasinifer is readily separated from B. granulimanus Yokoya, 1927, the only member of Betaeus from Korea by the morphological differences in the first pereopods and the diaeresis of uropod. Brief note on the armature of cutting edge of the chela of the left first pereopod in Korean female specimen of B. gelasinifer is provided.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.403-404
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• 2008

In this paper, a new 4-way search window is developed for H.264 Motion Estimation(ME) to improve the memory bandwidth. The proposed 4-way(up, down, left, right) search window could improve the reuse of overlapped window data to reduce the redundancy access factor by 1.4, though the 1/3-way search window requires $7.7{\sim}11$ times of data retrieval redundantly. In experiments, the new implementation of 4-way search window on Altera Stratix-III could deal with CIF ($352{\times}288$) video of 3 reference frame, $48{\times}48$ search area and $16{\times}16$ macroblock by 30fps real time at 55.2MHz.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

Gated myocardial SPECT and attenuation correction gave birth to new insights into the pathophysiology of ischemic myocardial perfusion and function in clinical routine practice. Gated myocardial Tc-99m-compound SPECT improved diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery disease and enabled us to observe motion and thickening of myocardial walls as well as myocardial perfusion at the same time. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of myocardial performance and perfusion let us to understand the myocardial physiology in ischemia and infarction. In every patient who underwent gated perfusion SPECT, we will find ejection fraction, left ventricular volumes and regional wall motion. There are hopes to use gated TI-201 SPECT for the same purpose and to use gated SPECT for evaluation of wall motion and thickening at stress or immediate post-stress. Attenuation correction could improve diagnostic accuracy mainly by increasing normalcy ratio or performance of non-expert physicians. Both gated methods and attenuation correction improved specificity of non-expert physicians in diagnosing patients with moderate pretest likelihood. New imaging techniques will fill the desire of cardiologists to examine function and perfusion, and possibly metabolism in their clinical routine practice.