• 한국의사학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2002

Appearance of a new disease can be seen as a raising a question to the established medicine system. If the problem can not be solved, the established medicine system becomes a degenerating program. So, the process of discovering the nature of a disease and giving a medical explanation was studied focused on smallpox. When smallpox was infected in the begining, many were killed especially mortality of young people were high. It is a general process of contagious diseases known as an epidemic. When the plague is prevalent continuously, it comes to stay and becomes a pediatric disease called smallpox. Time of discovering the nature of smallpox and giving a medical explanation and the time that came to stay are correspondant. This process of medical explanation is a dialectical process.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2016

MS(Multi-Strand) 케이블은 여러 개의 강연선으로 이루어져있어, 케이블 시공시 각 강연선을 차례대로 개별적으로 긴장한다. 그리고 마지막 강연선이 정착되었을 때, 모든 강연선에 동일한 장력이 도입되어야하며, 이것이 MS 균등긴장의 핵심기술이다. 본 연구에서는 엑스트라도즈(Extradosed)교 및 사장교의 사재케이블(Stay Cable)에 적용되는 2,200MPa 초고강도 강연선들을 균등하게 긴장, 제어할 수 있는 MS 케이블 균등긴장시스템을 개발하였다. 개발한 균등긴장시스템은 전기저항식 로드셀, 유압잭, 유압펌프 그리고 통합제어기로 구성되며, Master 강연선과 Slave 강연선의 장력변화를 실시간으로 예측하며 제어하는 알고리즘을 탑재하였다. 개발시스템의 기능과 성능을 검증하기 위해 균등긴장 실험을 수행한 후, 광양 태인2교(ED교)의 사재케이블 가설긴장에 성공적으로 적용하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.627-639
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• 2019

Passive control may not provide enough damping for a stay cable since the control devices are often restricted to a low location level. In order to enhance control performance of conventional passive dampers, a new type of damper integrated with a rotary electromagnetic damper providing variable damping force and a flywheel serving as an inertial mass, called the rotary electromagnetic inertial mass damper (REIMD), is presented for suppressing the cable vibrations in this paper. The mechanical model of the REIMD is theoretically derived according to generation mechanisms of the damping force and the inertial force, and further validated by performance tests. General dynamic characteristics of an idealized taut cable with a REIMD installed close to the cable end are theoretically investigated, and parametric analysis are then conducted to investigate the effects of inertial mass and damping coefficient on vibration control performance. Finally, vibration control tests on a scaled cable model with a REIMD are performed to further verify mitigation performance through the first two modal additional damping ratios of the cable. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that control performance of the cable with the REIMD are much better than those of conventional passive viscous dampers, which mainly attributes to the increment of the damper displacement due to the inertial mass induced negative stiffness effects of the REIMD. Moreover, it is concluded that both inertial mass and damping coefficient of an optimum REIMD will decrease with the increase of the mode order of the cable, and oversize inertial mass may lead to negative effect on the control performance.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting rural tourists' expenditure. This study used the data from the fact-finding survey on rural tourism, and analyzed 4,223 cases who had experienced rural tourism for one year in 2018. The linear multiple regression analysis were used to identify factors affecting rural tourists' expenditure. The result indicate that the factors influencing the rural tourists' total expenditure were age, monthly income, number of accompany, length of stay, accommodation type(pension), accommodation type(friend's house/relatives'house), accommodation type(camping), distance to the destination, accompany(family/relatives), accompany(solo traveler), occupation(white color), motivation(daily escape and rest), motivation(new experience). The result indicate that the higher the age, the higher the average monthly income of the household, the fewer companions, the longer the length of stay higher the expenditure. As for the accommodation, the pension, motel/inn, hotel/condominium, and recreational forest higher probability of expenditure, while, friend/relative's house or camping higher the probability of less expenditure. The longer the distance to the destination, the solo traveler higher the probability of expenditure in rural tourism.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

As a core component of a hydropower station, hydro turbines play a vital role in the integration of a power station. Research on the technology of hydro turbine is continuously increasing with the development of water electricity. On the basis of one-dimensional loss analysis, for three-dimension design, there are a lot of dimension of the internal flow passage shapes that are determined by experience. Therefore, the effect of the internal flow passage shapes on the performance and internal flow characteristics of a Francis hydro turbine model is investigated in this study. In this study, the small curvature of runner blade trailing edge shape is good for improving the efficiency of Francis turbine. The straight stay vane leading edge is good for suppressing the secondary flow. Moreover, suitable tongue passage shape and stay vane number improve the performance of the turbine considerably.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to develop a valid and reliable Korean Patient Classification System for Critical Care Nurses (KPCSC). Methods: Tertiary and general hospitals with various levels of ICU nurse staffing were included. To verify interrater reliability, data collectors and staff nurses of 15 ICUs in 11 hospitals classified 262 patients. To verify construct validity, the staff nurses classified 457 patients according to KPCSC comparing difference by medical department and type of stay in ICU. For conversion index, 195 patients from 10 ICUs in 7 hospitals were classified and nursing time was measured by 174 nurses, 7 head nurses, 18 charge nurses, 37 nurse aids and 1 secretary. Results: The developed KPCSC has 11 categories, 82 nursing activities and 115 criterias. Reliability was found to have high agreement (r=.96). Construct validity was verified by comparing differences in medical department and type of stay in ICU. According to scores, four groups in the KPCSC were identified. One score on the KPCSC indicates 6.12 minutes of nursing time. Conclusion: The findings show that the KPCSC can be used to measure new and complex nursing demands including rehabilitation and the safety of ICU patients.

• 복식
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of T-shirt as a movie costume on the modem mass fashion. The way of study is to analyze the changes of men's image with T-shirt as Hollywood actors costume in 50's and 60's. The costumes create the characters with meanings and symbols moreover they lead fashion as well as promoting artistic value of films. At the end of the 19th century, this shirt learnt the ropes in the U.S. Navy well before it won the hearts of sportsmen and workers alike, with its twin virtues of comforts and hygiene. When American soldiers returned home after World War II showing their T-shirts in the sweltering heat of the Tropics, their shirts were as heroic as they were. Furthermore the new stars of Hollywood, going by such names as Marlon Brando and James Dean, gave the T-shirt its rebel cachet and showed the whole world. Be it tom open on Marlon Brando's torso in Elia Kazan's 'A Streetcar Named Desire', or peeping out dazzlingly white from under James Dean's red jacket in 'Rebel Without a Cause', the T-shirt flaunted its sexuality and emanated the sweet smell or revolt. It would be the banner of rebellion for a whole generation. The T-shirt had finally found its way into the history of fashion and was there to stay.d was there to stay.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.374-386
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• 2023

Background: The heightened morbidity and mortality associated with repeat cardiac surgery are well documented. Redo median sternotomy (MS) and minimally invasive valve surgery are options for patients with prior cardiac surgery who require mitral valve surgery (MVS). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the outcomes of redo MS and minimally invasive MVS (MIMVS) in this population. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus for studies comparing outcomes of redo MS and MIMVS for MVS. To calculate risk ratios (RRs) for binary outcomes and weighted mean differences (MDs) for continuous data, we employed a random-effects model. Results: We included 12 retrospective observational studies, comprising 4157 participants (675 for MIMVS; 3482 for redo MS). Reductions in mortality (RR, 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.80), length of hospital stay (MD, -4.23; 95% CI, -5.77 to -2.68), length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (MD, -2.02; 95% CI, -3.17 to -0.88), and new-onset acute kidney injury (AKI) risk (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.61) were statistically significant and favored MIMVS (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in aortic cross-clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, or risk of perioperative stroke, new-onset atrial fibrillation, surgical site infection, or reoperation for bleeding (p>0.05). Conclusion: The current literature, which primarily consists of retrospective comparisons, underscores certain benefits of MIMVS over redo MS. These include decreased mortality, shorter hospital and ICU stays, and reduced AKI risk. Given the lack of high-quality evidence, prospective randomized control trials with adequate power are necessary to investigate long-term outcomes.

• 기술사
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 2001

Seohae Grand Bridge is a part of the new West Coast Highway(353km) under construction, which connects Inchon and Mokpo. It is the longest bridge in Korea (7.31 km), and has 97 spans of 60m each precast segmental approach bridges, 2 main spans of 165m each free cantilever segmental bridge(500m), and 1 stay cable bridge of 990m In total length. During the seven year long construction period, many new construction technologies and methods were utilized for the first time in Korea, and gave invaluable opportunities to experience and master these in completing the project on time with safety and precision. I am proud of being a member of this project, and wish to express deep appreciations to those who participated in the project.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2007

Rapid integration of information technology into health care systems has included the use of highly portable systems-in particular, personal digital assistants (PDAs). With their large built-in memories, fast processors, wireless connectivity, multimedia capacity, and large library of applications, PDAs have been widely adopted by physicians and nurses for patient tracking, disease management, medical references and drug information, enhancing quality of health care. Many health-related PDA applications are available to both dietetics professionals and clients. Dietetics professionals can effectively use PDAs for client tracking and support, accessing to hospital database or information, and providing better self-monitoring tools to clients. Internship programs for dietetics professionals should include training in the use of PDAs and their dietetics applications, so that new practitioners can stay abreast of this rapidly evolving technology. Several considerations to keep in mind in selecting a PDA and its applications are discussed.