• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2016

Fatty liver is a common metabolic disorder of dairy cows during the transition period. Historically, the diagnosis of fatty liver has involved liver biopsy, biochemical or histological examination of liver specimens, and ultrasonographic imaging of the liver. However, more convenient and noninvasive methods would be beneficial for the diagnosis of fatty liver in dairy cows. The plasma metabolic profiles of dairy cows with fatty liver and normal (control) cows were investigated to identify new biomarkers using $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance. Compared with the control group, the primary differences in the fatty liver group included increases in ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid, acetone, glycine, valine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, citrulline, and isobutyrate, and decreases in alanine, asparagine, glucose, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid glycerol, and creatinine. This analysis revealed a global profile of endogenous metabolites, which may present potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of fatty liver in dairy cows.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.214-221
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• 1998

직접 구동용 브러시 없는 직류전동기(BRUSHLESS direct drive motor : BLDD motor)의 강인한 위치제어를 위해 신경망을 사용하여 접근하는 새로운 제어방식이 소개된다. 전향 신경망이 추가된 선형 2차 제어기는 AC서보의 객체지향 방법을 사용함으로서 대략적으로 선형화 되어지는 강인한 BLDD 모터 시스템을 얻기 위해 사용된다. 구동 상태의 온-라인 위상에서 학습되는 이 신경망은 전향신호와 오차 역 전파법(Back-Propagation Method)에 의해 구성된다. 총 노드의 수가 8개이기 때문에 이 시스템은 일반적인 마이크로 프로세서에 의해 쉽게 실현될 수 있다. 일반적인 작동중, 입출력 응답은 표본화되어지고 가중치는 매개변수 또는 부하 토크의 능한 변이를 적용하기 위해 각 표본주기에서 오차 역 전파법에 의해 학습된다. 그리고, 상태공간에서 시스템 분석은 상태 궤환 이득을 얻기 위해 체계적으로 실행했다. 또한, 강인성은 전반적인 시스템응답에 영향력을 주지 않고 얻어진다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.213-229
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is not only to provide students in the fishery high schools with source materials and opportunity, but also to contribute to a comprehensive development in educational program of the fishery high schools. It investigated various factors of aquarium related 6 new occupations : job contents, educational-level for job performance, training period, worker's capacity, the degree of physical activity, working place, and working environment. First, the work intensity is a normal work. The physical activities such as crawling, bending, accurately seeing a nearby thing and using hands are frequently used. The work is mainly conducted inside a room. The condition for a work environment is very moist and humid. Second, the work intensity is a light work. The physical activities such as using hands, speaking and accurately seeing a nearby thing are frequently used. The work is mainly conducted inside and outside a room. The work environment factor did not have any effect on the work. Third, the work is mainly conducted inside and outside a room. The risk in the condition for a work environment is found out as miscellaneous. Fourth, the physical activities such as bending, touching, and accurately seeing a nearby thing are frequently used. The work is mainly conducted inside a room. The work environment factor did not have any effect on the work. Fifth, the work is mainly conducted inside a room. The condition for a work environment is very moist and humid. Sixth, the work is mainly conducted inside a room. The work environment factor did not have any effect on the work.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제5호
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• pp.19-40
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• 2002

For front, aspect of terror may have to prepare indeed even chemical terror or rocket and small size missile and radioactivity terror because is predicted to become various. Furthermore, when see motion of every countries about nuclear engineerses' bringing round and illicit sale of plutonium, our country may have to prepare in terrorism which is expected thus. So that can finish international event successfully because the United States of America supports great manpower and budget since New York's World Trade Center terror and when see that is considering terror prevention countermeasure, we operate temporarily bursting tube state complete charge team such as terror by each field specialist such as a concern interested including special CBR complete charge moving team among 2002 World Cups soccer game period ahead of international event, must consider safety countermeasure. Specially, biology weapon of chemical weapon and cholera etc. 13 kinds of 5000ton that North Korea plans CBR terror society confusion that North Korea that to terror support nation as well as nuclear weapons development suspicion is defending South Korea communization strategy as real condition that is amplified as well as is saving production brand gets imprinted uses CBR terror at normal times, when see that is planing powerlessness communization unity using CBR weapon at time of war, must operate until bias 2002 World Cups international event finishes cooperation safety countermeasure utensil safely under closer talk between the South Korea ${\cdot}$ Japan ${\cdot}$ North Korea. As for us which must serve 2002 World Cup successfully to accomplish perfectly preparedness of CBR terror firstly, all inhabitants knows well CBR protection trick, and secondly, CBR existing formation that solidify realignment CBR complete charge moving team which of course is consisted of CBR specialist compose and keeping immediate going out attitude operating, by third, that expand CBR individual protection equipment and CBR evacuation equipment and establish individual and group protection attitude naturally, supplement as there is main room that actualize CBR pollution patient's slogan countermeasure by fourth, and develop standard model for CBR terror provision by fifthBecause constructing infra of CBR safety establishing CBR preparedness that utilize it, must minimize damage and contribute inhabitants' life and property protection.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.123-125
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• 2004

This paper describes an optimal configuration of Community Energy System (CES) for the multi-energy consumers and analyzes economical feasibility for such system. The most of previous feasibility studies for Co-Generation plants of CES in Korea have shown negative results due to the abnormally low price of power rate in Korea. However, in order to overcome this situation a new approach was examined in this Paper. The efforts of this approach the selection of the low price but reliable facility and maximizing the capacity factor of the facility. MGT was selected in view of low price and good reliability. In order to maximize the capacity factor the system capacity should be quite lower than the actual required Electrical and Heat load of the subject entity. In this report 100 kW Co-Generation facility was selected in view of conservative analysis. The results of the analysis showed that pay back period may vary from 4 to 5 yens according to the application of LNG rates whether it is to-generation rate or the normal business rate. With the analysis in this paper we confirmed that CES is feasible even in Korea if we do not insist to select the capacity of CES to cover all the energy required but select a smaller size of CES compared to the actual requirement, which can allow full load operation of the system continuously.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 소자의 레이아웃 파라미터로 인한 회로 특성 산포를 개선할 수 있는 새로운 설계 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 설계 기법은 회로 시뮬레이션을 수행하지 않고 칩 내에서 레이아웃에 의한 소자의 전기적 특성 분포를 추출하여 불량 소자를 개선하는 방법이다. 이 기법은 3가지 장점이 있다. 첫째, 현 설계 흐름도에 변화를 주지 않아도 된다. 둘째, 레이아웃 설계자가 고비용의 설계 시뮬레이션을 수행하지 않고 소자의 전기적 특성 산포를 추출할 수 있다. 셋째, 초기 레이아웃 설계단계에서 전기적 불량 소자를 찾아 개선하여 설계 기간 단축에 도움이 된다. 제안한 방법에 대한 효율성을 검증하기 위하여 30나노 DRAM 공정에서 총 9종류의 소자 레이아웃 파라미터에 대해서 모델링을 진행하였다. 레이아웃 설계자를 위한 eDRC 환경을 개발하여 Standard Cell Library 설계에 적용하여 초기 설계단계에서 불량 소자 17.8%를 찾아 2.9%로 줄였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.9-10
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• 2002

Human circulatory system between heart and tissue is not directly connected in normal condition but mandatory to go through the capillary system in order to fulfill its physiologic aim to deliver oxygen and nutrients, etc. to the tissue and retrieve used blood together with waste products from the tissue properly. When abnormal connection between arterial and venous system (AV fistula), these two circulatory systems respond differently to the hemodynamic impact of this abnormal connection between high pressure (artery) and low pressure (vein) system. Depending upon the location and/or degree (e.g. size and flow) of fistulous condition, each circulatory system exerts different compensatory hemodynamic response to this newly developed abnormal inter-relationship between two systems in order to minimize its hemodynamic impact to own system of different hemodynamic characteristics. Pump action of the heart can assist the failing arterial system directly to maintain arterial circulation against newly established low peripheral resistance by the AV fistula during the compensation period, while it affects venous system in negative way with increased venous loading. However, the negative impact of increased heart action to the venous system is partly compensated by the lymphatic system which is the third circulatory system to assist venous system independently with different hemodynamics. The lymphatic system with own unique Iymphodynamics based on peristaltic circulation from low resistance to high resistance condition, also increases its circulation to assist the compensation of overloaded venous system. Once these compensation mechanisms should fail to fight to newly established hemodynamic condition due to this abnormal AV connection, each system start to show different physiologic ${\underline{de}compensation}$ including heart and lymphatic system. The vicious cycle of decompensation between arterial and vein, two circulatory system affecting each other by mutually negative way steadily progresses to show series of hemodynamic change throughout entire circulation system altogether including heart. Clinical outcome of AV fistula from the compensated status to decompensated status is closely affected by various biological and mechanical factors to make the hemodynmic status more complicated. Proper understanding of these crucial biomechanical factors iii particular on hemodyanmic point of view is mandatory for the advanced assessment of biomechanical impact of AV fistula, since this new advanced concept of AY fistula based on blomechanical information will be able to improve clinical control of the complicated AV fistula, either congenital or acquired.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6557-6559
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• 2015

Background: Cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among young women (20-25 years of age) is common and normally transient. There are growing concerns that referral to a colposcopy clinic may lead to unnecessary treatment with an increased risk of obstetric complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the level of intervention for cervical abnormalities in this age group of the Northern Ireland population. Materials and Methods: A review of all serial new patients under 25 years of age, who were referred to colposcopy clinics in Northern Ireland between January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2009 formed the basis of this study. Results: During the study period, a total of 4,767 women under 25 years of age were screened. Two-hundred-and-thirty-four (4.9%) cases were referred to the colposcopy clinics. The cervical cytology results were: high-grade abnormality in 35%, and low-grade abnormality in 31% of these cases. One-hundred-and-seventy-eight (76%) of the referred women received at least one treatment. One-hundred-and-twenty-one of 234 (51.5%) women underwent an excisional treatment with histology showing the presence of high-grade abnormalities (CIN2-3) in 52%, CIN1 in 28%, and Koilocytosis or normal tissue in 20% of this sub-group of cases. Conclusions: Screening women under the age of 25 years cause unnecessary referral for colposcopy. This may also result in considerable anxiety and psychosexual morbidity. It leads to an over-treatment with a potential of negative impact on the future pregnancy outcomes (including pre-term delivery, low birth weight, and pre-term premature rupture of membranes).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2012

심부전의 치료는 심방의 용적 과부하를 줄이기 위한 이뇨제, 심실 압력 과부하를 줄이기 위한 혈관확장제, 심근의 수축력을 향상시키기 위한 강심제 치료로 이루어진다. 이 중 이뇨제가 개의 심부전 조절에서 가장 중요하다. 하지만 장기간의 이뇨제 사용으로 급성 신부전이나 전해질 이상과 같은 부작용이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 개에서 부작용이 적으면서 더 나은 이뇨효과를 가지는 생약성분의 이뇨제를 찾기 위해 설계되었다. 5마리의 건강한 개를 대상으로 한 예비실험에서 목통(Akebia quinata Decaisne) 추출물은 경도에서 중등도의 이뇨효과(furosemide 2 mg/kg 용량 효과의 0.3-0.5배의 효력)를 보였으며 혈청화학 수치와 전해질 변동은 거의 없었다. 실험 개체 수가 적고 기간이 충분하지 않지만 이 실험을 통해 심부전 환자에서 furosemide의 사용량을 줄이거나 대체할 수 있는 생약성분의 이뇨제 성분을 발굴하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1995

Although there are many kinds of method in treatment of tracheal stenosis, tracheal resection and primary anastomosis can be performed for management of various kinds of tracheal stenosis because it is considered the most anatomical ideal therapeutic modality. During a 10-year period we performed 18 tracheal resection on 18 patients with no operative mortality and some morbidity. 13 patients had tracheal stenosis caused by endotracheal intubation [eight patients or tracheostomy [five patients ; and five patients caused by a variety of neoplastic lesions [four primary and one secondary . The length of tracheal stenosis were various from 1.5cm to 5.5cm and site of tracheal stenosis were cervical[17patients and thoracic [one patient . Operative techniques were tracheal resection and primary anastomosis[18 patients and additional procedures were cricoid cartilage reconstruction with costal cartilage [one patient , primary repair of esophagus[one patient and suprahyoid laryngeal release technique[eight patients without any complications. We have eight complications; tracheal restenosis were developed in five patients[growth of grannulation tissue at anastomotic site in three patients, delayed restenosis in two patients , anastomotic disruption in one patient, hoarseness and pneumonia in each of two patients. We managed tracheal complications with T-tube insertion in two patients, permanent tracheostomy in three patients and insertion of Gianturco tracheal stent in one patient, but tracheal stent did not reveal good result because it caused persistent production of sputum. We concluded that it is necessary to access full length of normal trachea including suprahyoid laryngeal release technique to avoid anastomotic tension in tracheal surgery and develope new ideal techniques to manage postoperative tracheal complications, because we suppose tracheal complications are developed due to anastomotic tension.