• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.81-99
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• 2010

Lately, in consumers' markets the number of new items is rapidly increasing at an overwhelming rate while consumers have limited access to information about those new products in making a sensible, well-informed purchase. Therefore, item providers and customers need a system which recommends right items to right customers. Also, whenever new items are released, for instance, the recommender system specializing in new items can help item providers locate and identify potential customers. Currently, new items are being added to an existing system without being specially noted to consumers, making it difficult for consumers to identify and evaluate new products introduced in the markets. Most of previous approaches for recommender systems have to rely on the usage history of customers. For new items, this content-based (CB) approach is simply not available for the system to recommend those new items to potential consumers. Although collaborative filtering (CF) approach is not directly applicable to solve the new item problem, it would be a good idea to use the basic principle of CF which identifies similar customers, i,e. neighbors, and recommend items to those customers who have liked the similar items in the past. This research aims to suggest a hybrid recommendation procedure based on the preference boundary of target customer. We suggest the hybrid recommendation procedure using the preference boundary in the feature space for recommending new items only. The basic principle is that if a new item belongs within the preference boundary of a target customer, then it is evaluated to be preferred by the customer. Customers' preferences and characteristics of items including new items are represented in a feature space, and the scope or boundary of the target customer's preference is extended to those of neighbors'. The new item recommendation procedure consists of three steps. The first step is analyzing the profile of items, which are represented as k-dimensional feature values. The second step is to determine the representative point of the target customer's preference boundary, the centroid, based on a personal information set. To determine the centroid of preference boundary of a target customer, three algorithms are developed in this research: one is using the centroid of a target customer only (TC), the other is using centroid of a (dummy) big target customer that is composed of a target customer and his/her neighbors (BC), and another is using centroids of a target customer and his/her neighbors (NC). The third step is to determine the range of the preference boundary, the radius. The suggested algorithm Is using the average distance (AD) between the centroid and all purchased items. We test whether the CF-based approach to determine the centroid of the preference boundary improves the recommendation quality or not. For this purpose, we develop two hybrid algorithms, BC and NC, which use neighbors when deciding centroid of the preference boundary. To test the validity of hybrid algorithms, BC and NC, we developed CB-algorithm, TC, which uses target customers only. We measured effectiveness scores of suggested algorithms and compared them through a series of experiments with a set of real mobile image transaction data. We spilt the period between 1st June 2004 and 31st July and the period between 1st August and 31st August 2004 as a training set and a test set, respectively. The training set Is used to make the preference boundary, and the test set is used to evaluate the performance of the suggested hybrid recommendation procedure. The main aim of this research Is to compare the hybrid recommendation algorithm with the CB algorithm. To evaluate the performance of each algorithm, we compare the purchased new item list in test period with the recommended item list which is recommended by suggested algorithms. So we employ the evaluation metric to hit the ratio for evaluating our algorithms. The hit ratio is defined as the ratio of the hit set size to the recommended set size. The hit set size means the number of success of recommendations in our experiment, and the test set size means the number of purchased items during the test period. Experimental test result shows the hit ratio of BC and NC is bigger than that of TC. This means using neighbors Is more effective to recommend new items. That is hybrid algorithm using CF is more effective when recommending to consumers new items than the algorithm using only CB. The reason of the smaller hit ratio of BC than that of NC is that BC is defined as a dummy or virtual customer who purchased all items of target customers' and neighbors'. That is centroid of BC often shifts from that of TC, so it tends to reflect skewed characters of target customer. So the recommendation algorithm using NC shows the best hit ratio, because NC has sufficient information about target customers and their neighbors without damaging the information about the target customers.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate if recommendation selling (methods of recommendation selling, a key word used for recommendation, and employee attitude) influences the customers' menu decision. The results of the study are as follows: 'Menu picture' and 'explanation by word' among the tools used by employees for recommendation were found to influence customers' menu decision. The words such as 'new menu' and 'special only today' used by employees for recommendation were found to influence customers' menu decision. Employees' attitude elements such as 'interesting explanation', 'dressed up tidy', 'strong intention', and 'patience' were found to influence customer's menu decision. 'Recommendation selling' in the food and beverage industry means 'employees help customers make a good decision on food and beverage service'. This study makes an important contribution to the food industry in terms of providing substantial marketing strategies.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.592-600
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• 2004

전자 상거래 환경에서 e-CRM의 한 응용분야인 추천 시스템은 사용자 개개인의 요구를 충족하는 개인화된 품 추천 서비스를 제공한다. 일반적으로 기존 추천 시스템들은 응용 영역에 대한 방대한 과거 사용자 정보를 요로 한다. 그러나, 과거 정적인 사용자 정보 기반의 추천 방식은 다양한 사용자를 포함하는 영역 혹은 간에 민감하게 빠르게 변화하는 사용자 요구에 유연하게 대처하는 추천 방법이 필요하다. 또한, 해당영역의 존 사용자로부터 분류될 수 없는 새로운 사용자에 대한 추천을 어렵게 한다. 이러한 한계를 극복하고 유연한 추천 서비스를 위해 본 논문에서는 고객성향분석과 필터관리를 지원하는 CPAR (Customer Preference Analysis Recommender) 시스템을 설계하고 구현한다. 본 시스템의 필터 관리 능력은 기존 시스템의 방대한 초기 사용자 정보 필요 문제를 경감한다. 또한, CPAR 시스템은 플랫폼에 독립적이고 시간과 장소에 구애받지 않는 추천 서비스를 위해 XML 기반 무선 인터넷 환경에서 구현되었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제16D권2호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2009

오늘날 컴퓨팅 환경의 진보와 웹의 이용이 활발해짐에 따라 오프라인에서 이루어졌던 있었던 많은 서비스들과 상품의 제공이 웹에서 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 웹 기반 서비스 및 상품은 개인에 적합하게 취사선택되어 제공되는 추세이다. 이렇듯 개인에 적합한 서비스 및 상품의 선택과 제공을 위한 패러다임을 개인화(personalization)라 한다. 개인화된 서비스 및 상품의 제공을 위한 분야로서 연구된 것이 추천(recommendation)이다. 그러나 이러한 추천 기법들은 신규 사용자에게 적합한 추천을 제공하지 못하는 문제와 사용자의 상품에 대한 평점에만 의존하여 추천을 생성한다는 계산 공간에서의 제약 사항을 가지고 있다. 두 문제 모두 추천 분야에서 지속적인 관심을 보이는 분야로서 신규사용자 추천 문제의 경우는 신규 사용자의 평점이 없기 때문에 유사 사용자들을 분류할 수 없음에 기인한다. 그리고 추천 공간 제약에 따른 문제는 추천 차원의 추가에 따른 처리 비용이 급격히 증가한다는 문제를 가지고 있기 때문에 쉽게 접근하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 신규사용자 추천 향상을 위한 기법과 평점 예측 시 예측에 대한 가중치를 적용하는 기법을 제안한다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2006

The Collaborative Filtering (CF) is one of the popular techniques for personalization in e-commerce storefronts. For CF-based recommendation, every customer needs to provide subjective evaluation ratings for some products based on his/her preference. Also, if an e-commerce site recommends a new product, some customers should rate it. However, there is no in-depth investigation on the impacts on recommendation performance of two number of ratings, i.e. the number of ratings of an individual customer and the number of ratings of an item, even though these are important factors to determine performance of CF methods. In this study, using publicly available EachMovie data set, we empirically investigate the relationships between the two number of ratings and the performance of CF. For the purpose, three analyses were executed. The first and second analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between the number of ratings of a particular customer and the recommendation performance of CF. In the third analysis, we investigate the relationship between the number of ratings on a particular item and the recommendation performance of CF. From these experiments, we can find that there are thresholds in terms of the number of ratings below which the recommendation performances increase monotonically. That is, the number of ratings of a customer and the number of ratings on an item are critical to the recommendation performance of CF when the number of ratings is less than the thresholds, but the value of the ratings decreases after the numbers of ratings pass the thresholds. The results of the experiments provide insight to making operational decisions concerning collaborative filtering in practice.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2010

A marketing model is changed from a customer acquisition to customer retention and it is being moved to a way that enhances the quality of customer interaction to add value to our customers. Such personalization is emerging from this background. The Web site is accelerate the adoption of a personalization, and in contrast to the rapid growth of data, quantitative analytical experience is required. For the automated analysis of large amounts of data and the results must be passed in real time of personalization has been interested in technical problems. A recommendation algorithm is an algorithm for the implementation of personalization, which predict whether the customer preferences and purchasing using the database with new customers interested or likely to purchase. As recommended number of users increases, the algorithm increases recommendation time is the problem. In this paper, to solve this problem, a recommendation system based on clustering and dimensionality reduction is proposed. First, clusters customers with such an orientation, then shrink the dimensions of the relationship between customers to low dimensional space. Because finding neighbors for recommendations is performed at low dimensional space, the computation time is greatly reduced.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회/대한산업공학회 2005년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문
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• pp.324-331
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new customer profile model based on customer behavior in Internet shopping mall. The proposed technique defines customer profile model based on customer behavior information such as click data, buy data, and interest categories. We also implement CBCPM(Customer Behavior-based Customer Profile Model) and perform extensive experiments. The experimental results show that CBCPM has higher precision, recall, and F1 than the existing customer profile model.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.752-770
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to incorporate telemarketing processes to improve telemarketing performance. For this application, we have attempted to mix the model of machine learning to extract potential customers with personalisation techniques to derive recommended products from actual contact. Most of traditional recommendation systems were mainly in ways such as collaborative filtering, which predicts items with a high likelihood of future purchase, based on existing purchase transactions or preferences for products. But, under these systems, new users or items added to the system do not have sufficient information, and generally cause problems such as a cold start that can not obtain satisfactory recommendation items. Also, indiscriminate telemarketing attempts can backfire as they increase the dissatisfaction and fatigue of customers who do not want to be contacted. To this purpose, this study presented a multi-purpose hybrid recommendation algorithm to achieve two goals: to select customers with high possibility of contact, and to recommend products to selected customers. In addition, we used subscription data from telemarketing agency that handles insurance products to derive realistic applicability of the proposed recommendation system. Our proposed recommendation system would certainly solve the cold start and scarcity problem of existing recommendation algorithm by using contents information such as customer master information and telemarketing history. Also. the model could show excellent performance not only in terms of overall performance but also in terms of the recommendation success rate of the unpopular product.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.123-140
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• 2009

협업필터링은 상품을 추천하고자 하는 고객과 유사한 구매 행태를 보이는 고객들의 구매 정보를 반영하여 추천대상 고객이 아직 구매하지 않은 상품에 대한 선호도를 예측한 후 선호도가 높을 것으로 예측되는 상품을 추천해주는 시스템이다. 그러나 신규고객의 경우에는 과거 구매 이력의 부재로 선호도를 예측할 수 없어 추천이 어렵게 되는 신규고객 추천문제가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 신규고객 추천문제를 해결하기 위해 기존에 제시되었던 방법들은 추천의 정확도가 낮거나, 추천에 필요한 정보 획득이 어렵거나, 추천 전에 고객이 능동적으로 질의에 응답해야 하는 부담이 있는 등의 문제로 인하여 그 실효성이 매우 낮다. 따라서 기존의 신규고객 추천 방법의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 새로운 접근방법의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사회네트워크 분석에서 관계 구조적 특성을 분석하기 위해 널리 활용 되고 있는 중심성 개념을 협업필터링에 적용하여 신규고객의 이웃고객을 찾고 그 이웃고객들의 구매정보를 이용하여 신규고객에게 상품을 추천하는 방법을 제시한다. 추천 프로세스는 구매 유사도 분석, 고객 네트워크 구성, 이웃고객 형성, 신규고객 상품추천 단계로 구성된다. 제시한 추천방법의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 국내 유명 백화점 중의 하나인 H백화점의 고객 구매 데이터를 사용하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과로부터 제시한 추천방법이 기존의 신규고객 추천방법들과 비교하여 추천의 정확도는 높으면서도, 구매정보 외에 인구통계정보 등과 같은 추가 정보가 필요하지 않으며, 추천 전에 고객이 능동적으로 질의에 응답할 필요가 없는 새로운 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.79-98
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• 2011

우리는 개인 전자상거래 포탈에서 개인화를 위한 시맨틱 추천 방법을 제안한다. 시맨틱 추천은 제품의 특성(속성)을 이용하여 의미적 유사성 평가를 통해 이루어진다. 정확한 추천을 제공하기 위하여 제품의 시맨틱 유사성은 제품의 평점정보를 포함한다. 또한, 추천기술은 제품의 평점을 평가하여 고객의 다양한 내포된 의향을 분석한다. 고객의 의향은 "구입한 제품", "쇼핑카트에 추가한 제품", "정보를 본 제품"과 같이 세 가지 유형으로 분류 하고 있다. 우리는 제품의 추천을 위한 제품의 평점을 추정하기 위하여 고객의 내재적 의향을 추적할 수 있다. 또한 우리는 정확한 추천을 제공하기 위해 매우 중요한 유효한 세션을 식별하는 유효성 검사 프로세스 세션을 구현하였다. 우리의 추천 기술은 유사한 환경의 고객의 연령별 그룹에서 높은 수준을 정확도를 보여 준다. 본 논문의 실험섹션에서 우리의 제안 추천방식은 기존 고객뿐만 아니라 이전의 구매기록이 없는 새로운 사용자에게도 기존에 잘 알려진 협업 필터링 방법보다 좋은 성능을 보여 주었다.