• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.469-474
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• 1999

Methods and systems to remove static electricity are requested in the field of industry because the static electricity causes a flammable gas explosion or fire and a reduction of production rate in manufacturing semiconductor devices and so on. This paper is a basic study about a new structure of electrode system to control the quantities of generated ions and to solve the problem of dust attachment to needle electrode. In addition, a new type field controlled electrostatic charge neutralizer was proposed, and it could control the electric field in the end of the needle electrode by controlling the voltage of the third electrode around the tip of the needle electrode. As aresult, it was possible to control the quantities of generated ion by controlling the electric field in the needle electrode with the third electrode, which shows the possibilities to solve the nonequilibrium of generated ions in ac power source and the problem of the dust in the needle electrode.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2010

The aims of this study are to provide data on the ozone dosage control system and TRO sensor performance, to assess the performance of the degradation of total residual oxidant (TRO) neutralizer and to provide data on degradation rates of TRO in the ballast tanks, following treatment by the Ozone BWTS. This study includes the results of an evaluation of the TRO neutralizer, which was tested on the test barge. Accordingly, it has undertaken the evaluation of TRO degradation rates following treatment by the Ozone BWTS.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2015

Atmospheric nano-particles along the altitude is one of the main factors causing severe weather phenomena. It is a challenge to find the precise particle size distribution. One useful instrument includes a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). This measures the size distribution of submicron aerosols. The SMPS consists of a condensation particle counter (CPC), differential mobility analyzer (DMA), high voltage power supplier (HVPS), and neutralizer. Due to the many components, it is difficult to install a commercial SMPS into a tethered balloon package system (Eun, 2011). In this study, we customized a SMPS for the tethered balloon package system called Hy-SMPS. It is portable, compact in structure, and evaluated by TSI SMPS using mono and poly-dispersed particles.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of soil neutralizing treatments on soil characteristics and growth of Aster koraiensis in the acid soil of abandoned metal mine for selection of proper neutralizer. The most effective neutralizers were acid mine drainage sludge, waste lime + oyster and compost. Those neutralizing treatments showed promoting growth of Aster koraiensis. According to this study, it is applicable of acid mine drainage sludge, waste lime + oyster and compost to neutralize acid soil for rehabilitation in abandoned metal mine. However, follow-up study is necessary to calculate proper ratio of each neutralizer.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

Since the motion of the charged particle strongly depends on its charge characteristics, information on charge distributions of target particles is one of the important variables in aerosol research. In this study, charged distribution of atomized NaCl particles were measured using a Gerdien type ion counter. Two kinds of particle charging conditions were used in this study. First, atomized NaCl particles were passed through an aerosol neutralizer to have a Boltzmann charge distribution, and then its charge distribution was measured. In this case, the portion of uncharged particles was compared with the portion obtained from the Boltzmann charge distribution for verifying the suggested experimental method. Second, same experiment was conducted without the aerosol neutralizer to measure the charge distribution of atomized and un-neutralized NaCl particles. In the conclusion, the portion of uncharged, negatively charged and positively charged particles were 19%, 62% and 20%, respectively, for neutralized particles. The atomized particles, which was generated without the aerosol neutralizer, also had almost a zero charge state, but the standard deviation in charge distribution was larger than that of neutralized particles. The test method proposed in this study is expected to be used in various aerosol research fields because it can obtain simple information on the particle charge characteristics more easily and quickly than the existing test methods.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1325-1333
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• 2014

Near miss 방식 대응체의 충격자 분산 패턴은 위협체의 무력화에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 near miss 방식 대응체의 원통형 텅스텐 충격자가 폭발에 의하여 분산될 경우 그 패턴을 수치해석적으로 분석하였다. 폭약의 질량과 형상을 충격자의 분산 패턴에 영향을 미치는 인자로 고려하였으며 두 가지 형상 모델 즉, 상부와 하부가 동일한 두께를 갖는 평행 형상과 상부 및 하부 두께가 각기 다른 테이퍼 형상으로 설정하였다. 해석 결과, 분산된 충격자는 임의 공간의 2 차원 평면상에서 고리 모양을 형성하였으며 폭약 형태가 동일한 경우 폭약 질량이 증가함에 따라 화망 면적은 증가하고, 아울러 테이퍼 형상 폭약의 경우, 평행 형상의 폭약에 비해 큰 화망 면적이 형성됨을 확인하였다. 화망 면적과 충격자 분산 밀도 평가를 바탕으로 near miss 방식 대응체의 충격자 분산 패턴 제어를 위해서는 물리적 특성, 즉 폭약의 질량뿐 만 아니라 형상 또한 주요 설계 요소가 됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 1998

정전기는 고집적 반도체소자의 제조공정에서 제품의 제조수율을 감소시키거나, 정전하에 의해 가스폭발이나 화재 등을 일으키는 원인이 되므로 정전기를 제거하기 위한 수단이나 장치가 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 전하중화장치의 사용시간 경과에 따른 침전극 마모 및 분진부착 특성에 대해서 실험적으로 연구하였다. 또한 전하중화장치의 침전극의 마모 최소화와 발생이온량의 정량적인 제어를 위해 인가전원을 종래의 교류전원 대신에 고주파 펄스전원으로 하여 펄스주파수 및 펄스의 시비율을 변화시킴으로서, 펄스전력을 유효하게 제어할 수 있었으며, 또 펄스전원을 사용함으로서 전하중화장치의 이온 발생특성을 크게 할 수 있음을 실험적으로 확인하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.707-711
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• 2006

Bifidobacteria-loaded alginate poly-l-lysine microparticles (bap microparticles) were prepared using an air atomization method and then freeze-dried. The viability of the bap microparticles was investigated as a function of the amount of the bifidobacteria cultures, and the addition of a yeast extract, cryoprotectants, antioxidants and neutralizer. The size of the bap microparticles with and without the bifidobacteria was $84.8{\pm}28.5\;{\mu}m$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation) and $113.1{\pm}38.5\;{\mu}m$, respectively. The surface morphology was slightly ellipsoid and wrinkled regardless of the incorporating bifidobacteria. The viability gradually decreased with increasing freeze-drying time. Free-flowing powdered bap microparticles were obtained at least 12 h after freeze-drying the wetted slurry of bap microparticles. However, the particles tended to aggregate when either lactose or ascorbic acid was added. The addition of a yeast extract, cryoprotectants (glycerol and lactose), antioxidants ($NaHSO_3$ and ascorbic acid) and neutralizer $(Mg_3(PO_4)_2)$ resulted in a significantly higher viability of the bifidobacteria in the bap microparticles after freeze-drying (0.34-1.84 log) compared with the culture alone.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.208-216
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• 2010

유산균을 고농도로 배양하기 위하여 $CaCO_3$를 각각 15% 와 20%씩 첨가하여 직경이 서로 다른 $CaCO_3$-alginate beads를 제조한 후, lactic acid에 대한 $CaCO_3$-alginate beads의 반응 특성과 완충효과를 관찰하였으며, lactic acid에 대하여 완충작용이 있는 $CaCO_3$-alginate beads를 이용하여 S. thermophilus ST-Body 1과 L. amylovorus DU-21을 고농도 배양하여 직접투입식 starter를 제조하였다. 본 연구에서 제조된 $CaCO_3$-alginate beads는 $CaCO_3$, alginate 함량 및 수분 함유율이 beads에 일정하게 고루 분포되어 있으며, 일정한 밀도를 갖는 입자임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 lactic acid에 대한 beads의 반응은 표면으로부터 일어나기 시작하여 내부로 진행됨을 확인하였으며, $CaCO_3$-alginate beads 양의 증가는 결국 lactic acid와 반응할 수 있는 $CaCO_3$ 표면적의 증가를 가져오게 되며, 단위시간당 lactic acid와 반응하는 $CaCO_3$의 상대적 증가를 가져오기 때문에 $CaCO_3$-alginate beads 양의 증가는 lactic acid 용액 내부의 중화작용의 증가를 가져온다는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, $CaCO_3$-alginate beads의 직경이 작을수록, 내부의 $CaCO_3$ 함량이 높을수록, 단위 부피당 넓은 표면적과 높은 중화작용을 가지므로 $CaCO_3$-alginate beads를 pH neutralizer로 이용하여 유산균을 배양할 경우에는 $CaCO_3$ 함량이 높고 직경이 작은 $CaCO_3$-alginate beads의 이용이 유산균 배양에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. $CaCO_3$-alginate beads를 이용한 유산균의 고농도 배양시, pH와 생균수와의 상관성과 선형관계를 단순회귀분석법(simple regression)을 이용하여 최소자승추정량(least square estimator; LSE)을 구하여 검증한 결과, 각 X의 회귀계수의 값은 통계적으로 유의한 결과(p<0.05, p<0.01)를 보였다. 또한 $R^2$ 값은 S. thermophilus ST-Body 1와 L. amylovorus DU-21의 경우, $CaCO_3$-alginate beads 무첨가구와 첨가구에서 각각 0.6310, 0.7505, 0.7452, 0.7609이였다. 이는 pH가 균 증식에 다소나마 영향을 주는 것을 나타낸다. 고농도로 배양된 S. thermophilus ST-Body 1과 L. amylovorus DU-21 균주를 이용하여 직접투입식 starter를 제조한 결과, 동결건조 보호제로 15% glycerol을 이용하였을 때 각각 91.96${\pm}$1.35%와 89.09${\pm}$4.49%의 생존율을 보였다. 본 연구에서 확립된 기법은 probiotics 조제나 정장제 조제방법에 있어서도 공히 적용 가능하므로 미생물 세포의 이용기법으로 그 생존율과 발효에 연관되는 기능보존과 수반되는 여러 분야에 적용한다는 면에서 산업적으로 중요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제8권4B호
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• pp.548-555
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• 1999

The NBI (Neutral BGeam Injection) System for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) is composed of ion sources, neutralizers, bending magnets, ion dumps, and calorimeter. The vacuum chamber, in which all of the beam line components are enclosed, is composed of differential pumping system for the effective transfer of the neutral beams. The needed pumping speeds of each of the divided vacuum chamber and the optimized gas flow rate ot the neutralizer were calculated with the help of the particle balance equations. The minimum gas flow rate to the ion sources for producing needed beam current (120kV, 65A, 78MW), the pressure distributions in the vacuum chamber for minimizing re-ionization loss, and the beam loss rate on the beam line components were used as the input in the calculation. Also the scenario for short pulse operation was determined by analysing the time dependent equations. It showed that beam extraction during less than 0.5 sec could be made only with TMP.