• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2021

According to International Associating for the Study of Pain (IASP) definition, neuropathic pain is a disorder characterized by dysfunction of the nervous system that, under normal conditions, mediates virulent information to the central nervous system (CNS). This pain can be divided into a disease with provable lesions in the peripheral or central nervous system and states with an incorporeal lesion of any nerves. Both conditions undergo long-term and chronic processes of change, which can eventually develop into chronic pain syndrome, that is, nervous system is inappropriately adapted and difficult to heal. However, the treatment of neuropathic pain itself is incurable from diagnosis to treatment process, and there is still a lack of notable solutions. Recently, several studies have observed the responses of CNS to harmful stimuli using image analysis technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and optical imaging. These techniques have confirmed that the change in synaptic-plasticity was generated in brain regions which perceive and handle pain information. Furthermore, these techniques helped in understanding the interaction of learning mechanisms and chronic pain, including neuropathic pain. The study aims to describe recent findings that revealed the mechanisms of pathological pain and the structural and functional changes in the brain. Reflecting on the definition of chronic pain and inspecting the latest reports will help develop approaches to alleviate pain.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2011

Objectives : We have studied to know analgesic effects of the combination of Aconitum Cilliare Tuber with honey in the models of peripheral neuropathic pain. Methods : Neuropathic pain model was made by ligating left 5th lumbar spinal nerve. After 3 days, combination of Aconitum Ciliare Tuber and honey extract was administrated each alternate day. Administration was divided three groups, that is NP-OA1(0.06 mg/ml), NP-OA2(0.24 mg/ml), and NO-OA3(0.96 mg/ml). After that, we examined the withdrawl response of neuropathic rats legs by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. And also we examined c-Fos, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase(GPT) and change of weight. Results : Mechanical allodynia in NP-OA1 groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Cold allodynia in all experimental groups were no significant differences with the control group. c-Fos protein expression on the central grey, all experimental groups were lower than that of control groups. But, there were no statistically significant differences. Change of weight in all experimental groups were significantly increased compare with the control group. In blood serum GOT in NP-OA1, NP-OA2 groups were significantly decreased compare with the control group. In blood serum GPT in all experimental groups were no significant difference with the control group. Conclusions : We had noticed that the combination of Aconitum Ciliare Tuber and honey decreased mechanical allodynia in the model of neuropathic pain compared with the control group and it has not efficacy in elevation of GOT, GPT and weight loss etc., the element of which becomes damage to liver. This study can be proposed that Aconitum Ciliare with Honey may be applicable to neuropathic pain in clinic. But it is reliability not that cold allodynia and c-Fos expression have effectively to control pain. Therefore we have to follow up about that.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.361-369
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of anorexia and neuropathic pain induced by cisplatin on hindlimb muscles of rats. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, a cisplatin-treated group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). In the cisplatin-treated group, cisplatin at a dose of 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally two times a week up to a cumulative dose of 20 mg/kg over 5 weeks, and in the control group saline (0.9% NaCl) was injected intraperitoneally at the same dose and duration as the cisplatin-treated group. At 34 days all rats were anesthetized, after which the soleus and plantaris muscles were dissected. Withdrawal threshold, body weight, food intake, activity, muscle weight, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas and myofibrillar protein content of the dissected muscles were determined. Results: Compared with the control group, the cisplatin-treated group showed significant decreases (p<.05) in withdrawal threshold, activity, food intake, body weight, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas, myofibrillar protein content and weight of the soleus and plantaris muscles. Conclusion: Muscular atrophy in hindlimb occurs due to anorexia and neuropathic pain induced by the cisplatin treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2015

Cholecystokinin is known to be involved in the modulation of nociception and to reduce the efficacy of morphine analgesia. This study investigated the effects of intrathecal administration of morphine and the cholecystokinin type B antagonist CI-988 on below-level neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury in rats. We also examined the interaction of morphine and CI-988 in the antinociceptive effect. Both morphine and CI-988 given individually increased the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of ineffective doses of intrathecally administered CI-988 and morphine produced significant analgesic effects and the combination of effective doses resulted in analgesic effects that were greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug. Thus, morphine showed a synergistic interaction with CI-988 for analgesia of central neuropathic pain.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 1999

Background: The vasoreactivity of cerebral artery is currently the subject of increasing interest Transcranial Doppler The purpose of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of acupuncture in a model of neuropathic pain produced by segmental spinal nerve injury (SSI) in rats. The left L5 and L6 spinal nerves of Sprague-Dawley rats were tightly ligated, and one week later, manual or electro-acupuncture was applied for 30 minutes to the contralateral hindlimb (right side) while the animal was lightly anesthetized with halothane. The mechanical threshold of the paw for ipsilateral (left side) hind limb flinching was determined prior to and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours after termination of acupuncture. The mechanical threshold for flinching was significantly elevated for about 4 hours after manual acupuncture applied to the BL. 60 (Kunlun) point or electro-acupuncture to the BL. 60 and BL. 40 (Weizhong) points. However, manual acupuncture applied to the ST. 36 (Zusanli) point was not effective. Furthermore, systemic naloxone pretreatment had no effect on the acupuncture induced threshold elevation. These data suggests that acupuncture produces a point specific, naloxone independent analgesia in a rat neuropathic pain model. ※ This paper is supported by a grant from the '1996 Jusan Foundation of Wonkwang university.)

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.73-74
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• 2015

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 1995

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-2
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• 2020

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.237-239
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• 2022

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2012

Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that gabapentin, a drug that binds to the voltage-gated calcium channel ${\alpha}2{\delta}1$ subunit proteins, is effective in the management of neuropathic pain, but there is limited evidence that addresses the participation of glial cells in the antiallodynic effects of this drug. The present study investigated the participation of glial cells in the anti-nociceptive effects of gabapentin in rats with trigeminal neuropathic pain produced by mal-positioned dental implants. Under anesthesia, the left mandibular second molar was extracted and replaced by a miniature dental implant to induce injury to the inferior alveolar nerve. Mal-positioned dental implants significantly decreased the air-puff thresholds both ipsilateral and contralateral to the injury site. Gabapentin was administered intracisternally beginning on postoperative day (POD) 1 or on POD 7 for three days. Early or late treatment with 0.3, 3, or 30 ${\mu}g$ of gabapentin produced significant anti-allodynic effect in the rats with mal-positioned dental implants. On POD 9, in the mal-positioned dental implants group, OX-42, a microglia marker, and GFAP, an astrocyte marker, were found to be up-regulated in the medullary dorsal horn, compared with the naive group. However, the intracisternal administration of gabapentin (30 ${\mu}g$) failed to reduce the number of activated microglia or astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn. These findings suggest that gabapentin produces significant antinociceptive effects, which are not mediated by the inhibition of glial cell function in the medullary dorsal horn, in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain.