• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2002

Objects: This research was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Bupleuri Radix against ischemic damage using PC12 cells and global ischemia in gerbils, Methods: To observe the protective effect of Bupleuri Radixon ischemic damage, viability and changes in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase and production of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed after treating PC12 cells with Bupleuri Radix during ischemic damage. Gerbils were divided into three groups: a normal group, a 5-minute two-vessel occlusion (2VO) group and a Bupleun Radix administered group after 2VO. The CCAs were occluded by microclip for 5 minutes, Bupleuri Radix was administered orally for 7 days after 2VO. Histological analysis was performed on the 7th day. For histological analysis, the brain tissue was stained with 1 % of cresyl violet solution. Results: 1. Bupleuri Radix has a protective effect against ischemia in the CA1 area of the gerbil's hippocampus 7 days after 5-minute occlusion. 2. In the hypoxia/reperfusion model using PC12 cells, the Bupleuri Radix has a protective effect against ischemia in the dose of 0.2{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml,2{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml{\;}and{\;} 20{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. 3. Bupleuri Radix increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. 4. The increased activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD) by ischemic damage might have been induced as an act of self-protection. This study suggests that Bupleuri Radix has some neuroprotective effect against neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia in vivo with a widely used experimental model of cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. Bupleuri Radix also has protective effect on a hypoxia/reperfusion cell culture model using PC12 cells. Conclusions: Bupleuri Radix has protective effect against ischemic brain damage during the early stages of ischemia.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2018

Statins mediate vascular protection and reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Recent work indicates that statins have anticonvulsive effects in the brain; however, little is known about the precise mechanism for its protective effect in kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. Here, we investigated the protective effects of atorvastatin pretreatment on KA-induced neuroinflammation and hippocampal cell death. Mice were treated via intragastric administration of atorvastatin for 7 days, injected with KA, and then sacrificed after 24 h. We observed that atorvastatin pretreatment reduced KA-induced seizure activity, hippocampal cell death, and neuroinflammation. Atorvastatin pretreatment also inhibited KA-induced lipocalin-2 expression in the hippocampus and attenuated KA-induced hippocampal cyclooxygenase-2 expression and glial activation. Moreover, AKT phosphorylation in KA-treated hippocampus was inhibited by atorvastatin pretreatment. These findings suggest that atorvastatin pretreatment may protect hippocampal neurons during seizures by controlling lipocalin-2-associated neuroinflammation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.430-437
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• 2017

고사리(Pteridium aquilinum)의 4가지 분획물(n-헥산, 클로로포름, 아세트산에틸 및 증류수)의 총 페놀 함량은 아세트산에틸 분획물이 265.08 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 라디칼 소거활성 및 지질 과산화 생성 억제효과 결과 또한 아세트산에틸 분획물의 활성이 가장 높게 나타났다. 고사리의 아세트산에틸 분획물은 알파-글루코시데이스에 대하여 뛰어난 억제활성($IC_{50}=205.26{\mu}g/mL$)을 나타내었으며, 억제 형태는 혼합형 제해 특성임을 확인하였다. 또한, PC12 신경세포에서의 고농도 포도당으로 유도된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 고사리 아세트산에틸 분획물은 세포 내 ROS 생성을 억제시키고, 세포 생존율을 증가 및 세포막 손상에 대한 보호효과를 나타내었다. 고사리 아세트산에틸 분획물의 주요 페놀성 화합물을 HPLC로 분석한 결과는 켐페롤-3-글루코사이드인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 종합해볼 때, 주요 페놀성 물질로서의 켐페롤-3-글루코사이드을 함유한 고사리 아세트산에틸 분획물은 소장 내 알파-글루코시데이스를 억제를 통한 혈당 강하 효과뿐만 아니라, 고농도 포도당으로 발생되는 산화적 스트레스에 대한 억제효과를 통하여 신경세포 사멸에 대한 효과적인 개선 효과를 갖는 고부가가치 자연 소재로의 활용가치가 높다고 판단된다.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2001년도 10주년 기념 국제학술 심포지움 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.120-120
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• 2001

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 1999

세포열을 이용한 허혈/재관류 환경에서 청폐사간탕의 세포보호능을 측정하였다. 청폐사간탕 추출물은 허혈/재관류 환경하에서 발생하는 세포 독성으로부터 대표적 수용성 항산화제인 ascorbic acid보다 높은 세포 보호 활성을 나타내었으며, 산화적 손상의 지표로서 사용되는 지질과산화물(TBARS)를 측정한 결과에서도 ASA와 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 허혈/재관류 환경하에서 활성이 증가하여 세포에 산화적 손상을 일으키는 활성 산소종을 유발하는 것으로 알려진 xanthine oxidase 활성 측정에서는 청폐사간탕이 ASA보도 높은 xanthine oxidase 활성 억제능을 보였으며, xanthine oxidase 효소 표품을 이용한 활성 억제능 측정에서도 ASA보다 뛰어난 결과를 보였다. 따라서, 청폐사간탕은 허혈/재관류 환경하에서 세포 보호능이 있는 것으로 추측이되며, 이러한 보호능은 항산화 활성과 더불어서 xanthine oxidase 활성 억제능이 공동 작용의 결과로 사료된다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 대표적인 퇴행성 신경질환인 알츠하이머성 치매에 대한 마늘 물, 100% 메탄올, 디클로로메탄 추출물들의 acetylcholinesterase (AChE) 저해 및 신경세포 보호효과를 조사하였다. 마늘 디클로로메탄 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 AChE를 저해하는 것으로 나타났으며, $IC_{50}$은 $36.1{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. MTT reduction assay를 이용해 amyloid ${\beta}$ protein ($A{\beta}$) 유도성 신경세포 독성에 대한 신경세포 보호효과를 측정한 결과, 세 가지 마늘 추출물들은 대부분 40% 미만의 세포생존율을 보였고 이 결과는 $A{\beta}$ 유도성 신경세포 독성보다 상대적으로 더 높은 세포독성을 보여주었다. LDH assay에서는 마늘 물 추출물이 37%의 LDH 방출량을 나타내 $200{\mu}M$의 vitamin C과 유사한 세포막손상 보호효과를 보였다. 마지막으로 neutral red uptake assay를 실시한 결과, MTT reduction assay와 마찬가지로 모든 마늘 추출물들에서 세포생존율의 감소를 확인하였으며 특히 디클로로메탄 추출물의 경우 현저하게 낮은 세포생존율을 나타내었다. AChE 저해활성을 갖는 마늘 디클로로메탄 추출물로부터 얻은 column fractionations에 함유된 생리활성물질을 탐색하기 위해 HPLC 분석을 실시하였으며, 마늘 98:2 fraction의 LC-MS 분석을 통하여 allyl methyl disulfide, diallyl monosulfide, diallyl disulfide로 추정되는 물질군이 확인되었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.589-594
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• 1997

The neuronal voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) are multisubunit complexes consisting of $\alpha_1,\;\alpha_2-\delta$ and $\beta$ subunits. Heterologous expression and biochemical studies have shown that the activity of VSCCs is regulated by their $\beta$ subunits in a $\beta$ subunit isoform-specific manner. To elucidate the $\beta$ subunit identity of the P/Q-type calcium channel encoded by an $\alpha_{1A}$ subunit, which is exclusively expressed in the Purkinje and granule cell of the cerebellum, we have examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of $\beta$ subunits and compared them with those of $\alpha_{1A}$ subunit in the developing rat cerebellum. Reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis have shown that $\beta_4$ subunit mRNA was prominently expressed in the cerebellum and much more abundant than any other distinct $\beta$ subunits. RNase protection assay has further demonstrated that the expression of $\alpha_{1A}$ and $\beta_4$ subunits increased during cerebellar development, while the amount of $\beta_2$ and $\beta_3$ mRNAs did not significantly change. In addition, a $\beta_4$ transcript was present in cultured cerebellar granule cells, but not in astrocyte cells, and the level of $\beta_4$ mRNA expression increased gradually in vitro seen as in vivo. Based on the spatial and temporal expression patterns of $\beta_4$ subunit, we conclude that $\beta_4$ may predominantly associate, but probably not exclusively, with the $\alpha_{1A}$ subunit in rat cerebellar granule cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2015

In the present study, we synthesized a series of novel 7-methoxy-N-(substituted phenyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide derivatives in moderate to good yields and evaluated their neuroprotective and antioxidant activities using primary cultured rat cortical neuronal cells and in vitro cell-free bioassays. Based on our primary screening data with eighteen synthesized derivatives, nine compounds (1a, 1c, 1f, 1i, 1j, 1l, 1p, 1q and 1r) exhibiting considerable protection against the NMDA-induced excitotoxic neuronal cell damage at the concentration of $100{\mu}M$ were selected for further evaluation. Among the selected derivatives, compound 1f (with $-CH_3$ substitution at R2 position) exhibited the most potent and efficacious neuroprotective action against the NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Its neuroprotective effect was almost comparable to that of memantine, a well-known NMDA antagonist, at $30{\mu}M$ concentration. In addition to 1f, compound 1j (with -OH substitution at R3 position) also showed marked anti-excitotoxic effects at both 100 and $300{\mu}M$ concentrations. These findings suggest that $-CH_3$ substitution at R2 position and, to a lesser degree, -OH substitution at R3 position may be important for exhibiting neuroprotective action against excitotoxic damage. Compound 1j was also found to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibit in vitro lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate in moderate and appreciable degrees. Taken together, our structure-activity relationship studies suggest that the compound with $-CH_3$ substitution at R2 and -OH substitution at R3 positions of the benzofuran moiety might serve as the lead exhibiting potent anti-excitotoxic, ROS scavenging, and antioxidant activities. Further synthesis and evaluation will be necessary to confirm this possibility.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2009

Familial Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) is a progressive neurodegenetative disorder induced by mutations of the SOD1 gene. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is well-defined as a stress-inducible protein, however the its role in ALS protection has not yet been established. To investigate the role HSP27 may have in SOD1 mutant-mediated apoptosis, human SOD1 or HSP27 genes were fused with a PEP-1 peptide in a bacterial expression vector to produce a genetic in-frame fusion protein, which was then transduced into cells. We found the purified PEP-1-HSP27 fusion proteins can be transduced efficiently into neuronal cells and protect against cell death by enhancing mutant SOD1 activity. Moreover, transduced PEP-1-HSP27 efficiently prevents protein aggregation produced by oxidative stress. These results suggest that transduced HSP27 fusion protein may be explored as a potential therapeutic agent for FALS patients.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2004

루이보스(Aspalathus linearis; RB)는 콩과식물로서 남아프리카 Cape Province의 북서부 산악지역에 자생한다. 루이보스차 침제는 가는 가지와 잎의 발효산물로서 플리보노이드류와 페놀산이 있어 강한 항산화활성을 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 저산소증모델에서 루이보스차 침제가 배양한 흰쥐 대뇌세포의 스트레스를 완화하는지에 대한 연구하였다. 배지로 누출된 LDH의 정량실험에 의하면 루이보스는 정상산소환경 및 저산소증에서 함량 의존적으로(10-100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) 각각 6-18% 및 2-24%의 세포생존율을 증가시켰다(16 DIV 세포, 처리 후 3일째). CFP-Hsc70 단백질을 표현시킨 신경세포의 모양을 관찰하였을때 루이보스(50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)는 저산소처리 후 5일에 세포체에 수포가 있는 세포의 수를 대조군(55.4$\pm$4.59%)에 비하여 유의하게 감소시켰다(40.9$\pm$6.3%). 이러한 결과들은 루이보스차가 저산소증에서 신경세포를 보호함을 의미하며, 신경세포 손상을 예방 또는 치료하는데 응용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.