• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.303-307
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• 1997

Hand-Foot-Mouth disease, which has a various enanthem-exanthem complex at the tongue, buccal mucosa, hands and feets and buttock area with febrile illness, is usually caused by Coxscakie virus type A(16). Generally, this disease shows self limited course and good prognosis without neurologic manifestations. However, enterovirus 71, which was newly discovered and reported in 1974, can cause the striking features of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease outbreaks and has neuropathogenic potentials of polio-like paralytic illness including aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis and respiratory disease. We experienced a case of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease with polyradiculitis manifestations, and a case of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease with meningoencephalitis. Therfore, we report these cases with brief review of related literatures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.540-544
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• 2013

Down syndrome, the most common chromosomal abnormality, may be associated with various neurologic complications such as moyamoya syndrome, cervical spinal cord compression due to atlantoaxial subluxation, and basal ganglia damage, as well as epileptic seizures and stroke. Many cases of Down syndrome accompanied by isolated neurologic manifestations have been reported in children; however, Down syndrome with multiple neurologic conditions is rare. Here, we have reported a case of Down syndrome in a 10-year-old girl who presented with asymptomatic moyamoya syndrome, atlantoaxial subluxation with spinal cord compression, and basal ganglia calcification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Down syndrome, in a child, which was accompanied by these 3 neurologic complications simultaneously. As seen in this case, patients with Down syndrome may have neurologic conditions without any obvious neurologic symptoms; hence, patients with Down syndrome should be carefully examined for the presence of neurologic conditions.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.198-201
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• 2004

Rotavirus is a most common etiologic viral agent of pediatric gastroenteritis. Most newborns infected by rotavirus show no specific symptoms, yet, some of neonates can develop serious complications such as intestinal perforation, necrotizing enterocolitis or even death. And rotavirus infection may cause only neurologic manifestation such as seizure without gastrointestinal manifestations in some neonates. We experienced a case of neonatal rotavirus infection with benign convulsion without gastrointestinal manifestations, and report this case with literature review as followings.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 1991

Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis. is an infection caused by spirohete Borrellia burgdorferi. This disease was recognized in Lyme, Conneticut U.S.A. in 1975. The onset of the disease is usually heralded by the appearance of a pathognomic skin lesion, known as erythema chronicum migrans, and accompanied by flue like or meningitis like symptoms. Unless treatment is initiated early, the disease usually disseminated, often resulting carduac, neurologic, or joint manifestations. All stages of the disease are usually curable by appropriate antibiotic therapy, and can prevent severe late cardiac, neurologic, and joint complications. Lyme disease is typically defined by clinical evidence supported by serologic test. The diagnosis require serologic confirmantion of erythema chronicum migrans, occurring in patient in nonendemic countries. Determination of antibody titer against B. burgdorferi by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) currently the most practical diagnostic test. Currently Lyme disease occurs in U.S.A. Europe, and Australia. It has recently recognized in China, Japan, and Soviet Union also. In United States, Lyme disease is most common vector borne infection. There is no reported case of patients with this disease in Korea. But the vector of this disease, -Ixodes ticks- had been identified in Korea. And Korea is geographically closely related to China and Japan where Lyme disease is already reported. We expect first case of Lyme disease could he reported in near future. We review the clinical manifestations and diagnostic method of Lyme disease.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.259-262
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• 2017

Mitochondria play essential role in eukaryotic cells including in the oxidative phosphorylation and generation of adenosine triphosphate via the electron-transport chain. Therefore, defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can result in mitochondrial dysfunction which leads to various mitochondrial disorders that may present with various neurologic and non-neurologic manifestations. Mutations in the nuclear gene polymerase gamma (POLG) are associated with mtDNA depletions, and Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome is one of the most severe manifestations of POLG mutation characterized by the clinical triad of intractable seizures, psychomotor regression, and liver failure. The hepatic manifestation usually occurs late in the disease's course, but in some references, hepatitis was reportedly the first manifestation. Liver transplantation was considered contraindicated in Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome due to its poor prognosis. We acknowledged a patient with the first manifestation of the disease being hepatic failure who eventually underwent liver transplantation, and whose neurological outcome improved after cocktail therapy.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-82
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• 2020

In epilepsy-aphasia spectrum (EAS) disorders, mutations in the glutamate receptor ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate type subunit 2A (GRIN2A) have become important for screening the disease. Research into the phenotypic variability of several types of neurologic impairment involving these mutations is in progress. However, the non-neurological problems related to these mutations are poorly understood. EAS disorders usually have epileptic, cognitive, or behavioral manifestations. In this case report, we present a female patient with epilepsy, delay in expressive language and social development, and intellectual disability with low intelligence quotient and memory quotient, but normal motor development. Through genetic analysis, she was found to have a missense and a nonsense mutation in GRIN2A (c.1770A>C; p.Lys509Asn and c.3187G>T; p.Glu1063∗, respectively) and we consider the nonsense mutation as 'pathogenic variant'. She was also discovered to have congenital hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency and Rathke's cleft cyst in the brain, which were previously unknown features of GRIN2A mutation. Our findings should widen understanding of the spectrum of GRIN2A phenotypes, and emphasize the need for more research into the association between GRIN2A mutations and non-neurologic clinical presentations.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.948-951
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• 2001

A 43 years old female patient who had been diagnosed as having valvular heart disease but had not received any treatment invited and admitted due to progressive dyspnea. She was diagnosed as having aortic and mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation. Neurologic symptoms developed suddenly therefore, surgery was performed. In the operation field, there were many fungating tissue around the mitral valve annulus and left atrial wall. After operation, no neurologic symptoms were observed and pathologist revealed that fungating tissue was papillary fibroleastoma. The patient recovered and was followed in outpatients department.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1066-1069
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• 2002

Wilson's disease is a rare inborn error of metabolism inherited as a autosomal recessive trait. The disease has varied mode of manifestations. It is characterized by different neurologic disorder and hepatic disease. I experienced a case of Wilson's disease in 40 year old woman who was suffered from liver cirrhosis, severe anorexia, and classical neurologic symptoms such as tremour, dysarthria and ataxia. The symptoms was not relieved by D-penicillamine, Youngyanggaksan and Samchulgunbi-tang but anorexia was improved significantly by same medication.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2004

A 9-year-old boy who was confirmed measles by clinical manifestations and serum measles IgM antibody presented with bilateral visual loss 12 days after the onset of maculopapular rash. Complete ophthalmic and neurologic examinations, radiologic studies, and lumbar puncture were performed. Visual acuities were counting fingers in both eyes, with mild bilateral optic disk hyperemia and swelling noted. Neurologic examination was unremarkable, however, a magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed high signals on basal ganglia, and periventricular white matter. The cerebrospinal fluid was devoid of white cells. Intravenous methylprednisolone and high dose immunoglobulins were administered, and clinical findings resolved completely within 6 months.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.266-269
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• 1997

Herpes zoster is a relatively common disease caused by Varicella-Zoster virus and characterized by a vesicular dermatomal rash and a variety of neurologic manifestations. These neurologic symptoms include herpes zoster neuralgia, myelitis, encephalitis, cranial arteritis, segmental and rarely polyradiculitis. This report is a case of a 57-year-old female with herpes zoster paresis affecting the arm and hand. Herpetic pain was much relieved after continuous cervical epidural blockade. However, fifty days after onset of ailment, she complained motor paralysis. EMG of muscles innervated by the left $C_8$ and $T_1$ roots revealed high frequency denervation potentials and large amplitude polyphasic motor units. We recommended physiotherapy and aggressive exercise therapy of the hand. After eighty days of therapy, denervated spontaneous activities disappeared on EMG. Clinically, strength of muscles had nearly recovered to 75% of normal strength in left hand intrinsics.