• 제목/요약/키워드: Neuroimaging

검색결과 230건 처리시간 0.066초

Alteration of Functional Connectivity in OCD by Resting State fMRI

  • Kim, Seungho;Lee, Sang Won;Lee, Seung Jae;Chang, Yongmin
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.583-592
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    • 2021
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder in which a person repeated a particular thought or feels. The domain of beliefs and guilt predicted OCD symptoms. Although there were some neuroimaging studies investigating OCD symptoms, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study investigating intra-network functional connectivity associated with guilt for OCD is not reported yet. Therefore, in the current study, we assessed the differences between intra-network functional connectivity of healthy control group and OCD group using independent component analysis (ICA) method. In addition, we also aimed to investigate the correlation between changed functional connectivity and guilt score in OCD. Total 86 participants, which consisted of 42 healthy control volunteers and 44 OCD patients, acquired rs-fMRI data using the 3T MRI. After preprocessing the fMRI data, a functional connectivity was used for group independent component analysis. The results showed that OCD patients had higher score in emotion state in beliefs and lower functional connectivity in fronto-parietal network (FPN) than control group. A decrease of functional connectivity in FPN was negatively correlated with feelings of guilt in OCD. Our results suggest excessive increase in guilt negatively affect to process emotional state and behavior or cognitive processing by influencing intrinsic brain activity.

Assessment and Comparison of Three Dimensional Exoscopes for Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Using Second-Window Indocyanine-Green

  • Cho, Steve S.;Teng, Clare W.;Ravin, Emma De;Singh, Yash B.;Lee, John Y.K.
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제65권4호
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    • pp.572-581
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    • 2022
  • Objective : Compared to microscopes, exoscopes have advantages in field-depth, ergonomics, and educational value. Exoscopes are especially well-poised for adaptation into fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) due to their excitation source, light path, and image processing capabilities. We evaluated the feasibility of near-infrared FGS using a 3-dimensional (3D), 4 K exoscope with near-infrared fluorescence imaging capability. We then compared it to the most sensitive, commercially-available near-infrared exoscope system (3D and 960 p). In-vitro and intraoperative comparisons were performed. Methods : Serial dilutions of indocyanine-green (1-2000 ㎍/mL) were imaged with the 3D, 4 K Olympus Orbeye (system 1) and the 3D, 960 p VisionSense Iridium (system 2). Near-infrared sensitivity was calculated using signal-to-background ratios (SBRs). In addition, three patients with brain tumors were administered indocyanine-green and imaged with system 1, with two also imaged with system 2 for comparison. Results : Systems 1 and 2 detected near-infrared fluorescence from indocyanine green concentrations of >250 ㎍/L and >31.3 ㎍/L, respectively. Intraoperatively, system 1 visualized strong near-infrared fluorescence from two, strongly gadolinium-enhancing meningiomas (SBR=2.4, 1.7). The high-resolution, bright images were sufficient for the surgeon to appreciate the underlying anatomy in the near-infrared mode. However, system 1 was not able to visualize fluorescence from a weakly-enhancing intraparenchymal metastasis. In contrast, system 2 successfully visualized both the meningioma and the metastasis but lacked high resolution stereopsis. Conclusion : Three-dimensional exoscope systems provide an alternative visualization platform for both standard microsurgery and near-infrared fluorescent guided surgery. However, when tumor fluorescence is weak (i.e., low fluorophore uptake, deep tumors), highly sensitive near-infrared visualization systems may be required.

Cortical Deafness Due to Ischaemic Strokes in Both Temporal Lobes

  • Lachowska, Magdalena;Pastuszka, Agnieszka;Sokolowski, Jacek;Szczudlik, Piotr;Niemczyk, Kazimierz
    • Journal of Audiology & Otology
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2021
  • Cortical deafness is a clinical rarity whereby a patient is unresponsive to all types of sounds despite the preserved integrity of the peripheral hearing organs. In this study, we present a patient who suddenly lost his hearing following ischaemic infarcts in both temporal lobes with no other neurological deficits. The CT confirmed damage to the primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus) of both hemispheres. Initially, the patient was unresponsive to all sounds, however, he regained some of the auditory abilities during 10 months follow up. Pure tone threshold improvement from complete deafness to the level of moderate hearing loss in the right ear and severe in the left was observed in pure tone audiometry. Otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, and acoustic reflex findings showed normal results. The middle and late latency potential results confirmed objectively the improvement of the patient's hearing, however, after 10 months still, they were somewhat compromised on both sides. In speech audiometry, there was no comprehension of spoken words neither at 3 nor at 10 months. The absent mismatch negativity confirmed above mentioned comprehension deficit. The extensive auditory electrophysiological testing presented in this study contributes to the understanding of the neural and functional changes in cortical deafness. It presents the evolution of changes after ischaemic cerebrovascular event expressed as auditory evoked potentials starting from short through middle and long latency and ending with event-related potentials and supported by neuroimaging.

Cortical Deafness Due to Ischaemic Strokes in Both Temporal Lobes

  • Lachowska, Magdalena;Pastuszka, Agnieszka;Sokolowski, Jacek;Szczudlik, Piotr;Niemczyk, Kazimierz
    • 대한청각학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2021
  • Cortical deafness is a clinical rarity whereby a patient is unresponsive to all types of sounds despite the preserved integrity of the peripheral hearing organs. In this study, we present a patient who suddenly lost his hearing following ischaemic infarcts in both temporal lobes with no other neurological deficits. The CT confirmed damage to the primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus) of both hemispheres. Initially, the patient was unresponsive to all sounds, however, he regained some of the auditory abilities during 10 months follow up. Pure tone threshold improvement from complete deafness to the level of moderate hearing loss in the right ear and severe in the left was observed in pure tone audiometry. Otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, and acoustic reflex findings showed normal results. The middle and late latency potential results confirmed objectively the improvement of the patient's hearing, however, after 10 months still, they were somewhat compromised on both sides. In speech audiometry, there was no comprehension of spoken words neither at 3 nor at 10 months. The absent mismatch negativity confirmed above mentioned comprehension deficit. The extensive auditory electrophysiological testing presented in this study contributes to the understanding of the neural and functional changes in cortical deafness. It presents the evolution of changes after ischaemic cerebrovascular event expressed as auditory evoked potentials starting from short through middle and long latency and ending with event-related potentials and supported by neuroimaging.

반려견 인지기능장애증후군에 대한 한의 진단 및 한약치료 적용 가능성 고찰: 치매환자 국내한의치료기술과 비교 분석 (Potential application of herbal medicine treatment based on pattern identification for canine cognitive dysfunctional syndrome: a comparative analysis of Korea medicine therapy for patients with dementia)

  • 정경숙;조혜연;최유진;장정희
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제62권3호
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    • pp.25.1-25.9
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    • 2022
  • Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive and behavioral disorders and reduces the quality of life in dogs and their guardians. This study reviewed the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for CDS and compared the diagnosis and therapy of CAM between CDS in canines and dementia in humans. The evaluation tools for the diagnosis of CDS and dementia were similar in the neurological and neuropsychiatric examinations, daily life activity, cognitive tests, and neuroimaging, but the evaluation for dementia was further subdivided. In CAM, pattern identification is a diagnostic method for accurate, personalized treatment, such as herbal medicine. For herbal medicine treatment of cognitive impairment in canines and humans, a similar pattern identification classified as deficiency (Qi, blood, and Yin) and Excess (phlegm, Qi stagnation, and blood stasis) is being used. However, the veterinary clinical basis for verifying the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies for CDS is limited. Therefore, based on CAM evidence in dementia, it is necessary to establish CDS-targeted CAM diagnostic methods and therapeutic techniques considering the anatomical, physiological, and pathological characteristics of dogs.

Disrupted Association Between Empathy and Brain Structure in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

  • Lee, Jeonghwan;Son, Jung-Woo;Kim, Siekyeong;Kim, Ji-eun;Chung, Seungwon;Ghim, Hei-Rhee;Lee, Sang-Ick;Shin, Chul-Jin;Ju, Gawon
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.129-136
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    • 2021
  • Objectives: To investigate the relationship between brain structure and empathy in early adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Nineteen early adolescents with ADHD and 20 healthy controls underwent 3T MRI. All the participants were assessed for different aspects of empathy using measures including the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Empathy Quotient. Cortical thickness and subcortical structural volume based on T1-weighted scans were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Results: Cognitive empathy (t=-2.52, p=0.016) and perspective taking (t=-2.10, p=0.043) were impaired in the ADHD group compared with the control group. The cluster encompassing the left posterior insular, supramarginal, and transverse temporal cortices [cluster-wise p-value (CWP)=0.001], which are associated with emotional empathy, was significantly smaller in the ADHD group, and the volume of the left nucleus accumbens was greater than that of the control group (F=10.12, p=0.003, effect size=0.22). In the control group, the left superior temporal (CWP=0.002) and lingual cortical (CWP=0.035) thicknesses were positively associated with cognitive empathy, while the right amygdala volume was positively associated with empathic concern (Coef=14.26, t=3.92, p=0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between empathy and brain structure in the ADHD group. Conclusion: The ADHD group had a smaller volume of the cortical area associated with emotional empathy than the control group, and there was no brain region showing significant correlation with empathy, unlike in the control group.

ATLAS V2.0 데이터에서 의료영상 분할 모델 성능 비교 (Comparison of Performance of Medical Image Semantic Segmentation Model in ATLASV2.0 Data)

  • 우소연;구영현;유성준
    • 방송공학회논문지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.267-274
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    • 2023
  • 의료영상 공개 데이터는 수집에 한계가 있어 데이터셋의 양이 부족하다는 문제점이 있다. 때문에 기존 연구들은 공개 데이터셋에 과적합 되었을 우려가 있다. 본 논문은 실험을 통해 8개의 (Unet, X-Net, HarDNet, SegNet, PSPNet, SwinUnet, 3D-ResU-Net, UNETR) 의료영상 분할 모델의 성능을 비교함으로써 기존 모델의 성능을 재검증하고자 한다. 뇌졸중 진단 공개 데이터 셋인 Anatomical Tracings of Lesions After Stroke(ATLAS) V1.2과 ATLAS V2.0에서 모델들의 성능 비교 실험을 진행한다. 실험결과 대부분 모델은 V1.2과 V2.0에서 성능이 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 하지만 X-net과 3D-ResU-Net는 V1.2 데이터셋에서 더 높은 성능을 기록했다. 이러한 결과는 해당 모델들이 V1.2에 과적합 되었을 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

Long-Term Management of Seizures after Surgical Treatment of Supratentorial Cavernous Malformations : A Retrospective Single Centre Study

  • Dziedzic, Tomasz A.;Koczyk, Kacper;Nowak, Arkadiusz;Maj, Edyta;Marchel, Andrzej
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제65권3호
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    • pp.415-421
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    • 2022
  • Objective : Seizure recurrence after the first-ever seizure in patients with a supratentorial cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is almost certain, so the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy is justified. The optimal method of management of these patients is still a matter of debate. The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with postoperative seizure control and assess the surgical morbidity rate. Methods : We retrospectively analysed 45 consecutive patients with a supratentorial CCM and symptomatic epilepsy in a single centre. Pre- and postoperative epidemiological data, seizure-related patient histories, neuroimaging results, surgery details and outcomes were obtained from hospital medical records. Seizure outcomes were assessed at least 12 months after surgery. Results : Thirty-five patients (77.8%) were seizure free at the long-term follow-up (Engel class I); six (13,3%) had rare, nocturnal seizures (Engel class II); and four (8.9%) showed meaningful improvement (Engel class III). In 15 patients (33%) in the Engel I group; it was possible to discontinue antiepileptic medication. Although there was not statistical significance, our results suggest that patients can benefit from early surgery. No deaths occurred in our study, and mild postoperative neurologic deficits were observed in two patients (4%) at the long-term follow-up. Conclusion : Surgical resection of CCMs should be considered in all patients with a supratentorial malformation and epilepsy due to the favourable surgical results in terms of the epileptic seizure control rate and low postoperative morbidity risk, despite the use of different predictors for the seizure outcome.

알츠하이머병 환자의 MRI를 활용한 경두개 직류 전기 자극 시뮬레이션에 관한 연구 (A Simulation Study on Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Using MRI in Alzheimer's Disease Patients)

  • 송채빈;임철기;이종승;김동현;서현
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제44권6호
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    • pp.377-383
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: There is increasing attention to the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for enhancing cognitive functions in subjects to aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite varying treatment outcomes in tDCS which depend on the amount of current reaching the brain, there is no general information on the impacts of anatomical features associated with AD on tDCS-induced electric field. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine how AD-related anatomical variation affects the tDCS-induced electric field using computational modeling. Methods: We collected 180 magnetic resonance images (MRI) of AD patients and healthy controls from a publicly available database (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; ADNI), and MRIs were divided into female-AD, male-AD, female-normal, and male-normal groups. For each group, segmented brain volumes (cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, ventricle, rostral middle frontal (RMF), and hippocampus/amygdala complex) using MRI were measured, and tDCS-induced electric fields were simulated, targeting RMF. Results: For segmented brain volumes, significant sex differences were observed in the gray matter and RMF, and considerable disease differences were found in cerebrospinal fluid, ventricle, and hippocampus/amygdala complex. There were no differences in the tDCS-induced electric field among AD and normal groups; however, higher peak values of electric field were observed in the female group than the male group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the presence of sex and disease differences in segmented brain volumes; however, this pattern differed in tDCS-induced electric field, resulting in significant sex differences only. Further studies, we will adjust the brain stimulation conditions to target the deep brain and examine the effects, because of significant differences in the ventricles and deep brain regions between AD and normal groups.

뇌신경 III-XII의 정상 자기공명영상 소견 (Normal Anatomy of Cranial Nerves III-XII on Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

  • 김형진;성민정;김이경
    • 대한영상의학회지
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    • 제81권3호
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    • pp.501-529
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    • 2020
  • 복잡한 해부학적 구조와 기능 때문에 뇌신경 질환의 신경영상검사는 항상 어려운 과제이다. 최근 자기공명영상(이하 MRI) 기법의 발달로 많은 경우에서 뇌신경 질환의 원인이 규명되고 있으며, 신경영상의학 의사들은 다학제 팀의 핵심적 팀원으로서 다양한 뇌신경 질환의 원활한 진단을 위하여 MRI에서 관찰되는 뇌신경의 세밀한 해부학적 구조를 잘 알아야 한다. 이 종설에서는 말초성 뇌신경 III-XII에 대해 뇌간으로부터 두개 밖까지 해부학적으로 비슷한 구조를 가지는 구역별로 분류하여 각 구역에서 보이는 뇌신경의 정상 해부학 및 MRI 소견을 설명하고자 한다. 또한 각 구역에서 가장 적합한 MRI 기법에 관하여도 기술하고자 한다.