• 한국동물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.285-292
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• 1993

This investigation has been carried out to clarify structural architecture of cerebral neuroendocrine systems in the fifth instar lanra of cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae. In order to examine the cerebral neurosecretorv cell systems the brain and retrocerebral neuroendocrine complex were histochemically stained with the paraldehvde fuchsin. The brain of the fifth instar laMa contains three kinds of neurosecretorv cells: medial, lateral and tritocerebral neurosecretorv cells. The axon bundles of medial and lateral neurosecretory cells form medial neurosecretory pathway(MNSP) and lateral neurosecretorv pathwav(LNSP) within the brain respectively. Especially, prior to exiting the brain, the axon bundles of medial neurosecretorH cells located in both left and right cefebral hemispheres decussate in cerebral medial region and project to contralateral retrocerebral neuroendocrine complexes. Outside the brain the axon bundles of medial and lateral neurosecretory cells form the nenri corporis cardiaca(NCC) I and II respectively. The NCC I and ll run together to the retrocerebral neuroendocrine complex, forming the large nenre bundles in both left md right sides. The anon bundles of tritocerebral neurosecretory cells which pass through the brain along the tritocerebral neurosecretory pathway (TNSP) form the Ncc III outids the train. some of the Ncc I and it terminate in the corpus cardiacum, while the others pass through the corpus cardiacum without termination. The nerve bundle which passes the corpus cardiacum forms the nenrus corforis allatum(NCA) I which runs between the corpus cardiacum and the corpus allatum. Theyt are finally innervated to the corpus allatum. The Ncc III Projects to the corpus cardiRcum. However, most of NCC III priss through the corpus cardiacum without branching and then run down for another organ.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2205-2210
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• 2014

Objective: To retrospectively review the clinical characteristics and analyze the prognostic factors of Chinese patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Materials and Methods: The clinical data of 176 patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors in Chinese PLA General Hospital from Mar., 2000 to Oct., 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The parameters were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis, including the gender, age, smoking history, family history, TNM staging, localization (central or peripheral), tumor size, nodal status, histological subtype and treatment (operation or non-operation). Results: There were 23 patients with typical carcinoids (TC) (13.1%), 41 with atypical carcinoids (AC) (23.3%), 10 with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) (5.7%) and 102 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (57.9%). The median follow-up time was 64.5 months for AC, 38 months for LCNEC and 27 months for SCLC. The typical carcinoid censored data was 18 (more than 50% of the patients), so the median follow-up time was not obtained, and actuarial 5-year survivals for TC, AC, LCNEC and SCLC were 75.1%, 51.7%, 26.7% and 38.8%, respectively. COX univariate analysis revealed that the age (P=0.001), histological subtype (P=0.005), nodal status (P=0.000), treatment (P=0.000) and TNM staging (P=0.000) were the prognostic factors of the patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, whereas its multivariate analysis showed that only the age(P=0.001), TNM staging (P=0.002) and treatment (P=0.000) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Radical surgery remains the treatment of choice, and is the only curative option. The age, TNM staging and treatment are confirmed to be the independent prognostic factors in multivariable models for pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2003년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.166.4-166
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1990

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a distinct subtype of cervical cancer that appears analogous to oat cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumors of the lung. It has been assumed to be derived from the neural crest via argyrophilic cells in the normal endocervix. We have recently encountered a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix coexisting with adenocarcinoma which was argyrophil negative. A 66-year-old multiparous woman was admitted because of vaginal bleeding for 2 months. Cervicovaginal smear revealed several scattered clusters and sheets of monotonous small cells with some peripheral palisading in the background of hemorrhage and necrosis. Radical hysterectomy specimen revealed an ulcerofungating tumor on endocervical canal which was composed of two components. Major component of the tumor was made up of monomorphic population of small oval-shaped tumor cells arranged in sheets and partly in acinar structures or trabecular fashion. Other component was adenocarcinoma, endocervical well-differentiated type. Argyrophilia was present on the Grimelius stain and immunohistochemical studies revealed diffuse positivity to neuron-specific enolase and carcinoembryonic antigen. Electron microscopic examination showed clusters of small round to oval cells, which had a few well-formed desmosomes and several membrane-bound, dense-core neurosectetory granules.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2001

Background: Rapid advances in neuroendocrine immunology have established the concept of bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Capsaicin suppresses the immune function by destroying substance P acting as mediatior of neuroendocrine immune system. Methods and Results: In this study, effect of capsaicin on mature murine lymphocyte functions and lymphoid tissue morphology was examined. Formally, capsaicin showed the strong cytotoxic effect on splenocyte over $10{\mu}g/ml$ concentration in citro. And proliferation and Th1-cytokine expression of splenic cells in mice that received high dose of capsaicin ($100{\mu}g/mouse$) were significantly diminished. However, low dose of capsaicin treatment did not influence these responses in vivo($1{\mu}g/mouse$) and in vitro (under $5{\mu}g/ml$). And the morphology of spleen and lymph nodes after capsaicin treatment was observed. In the spleen of mice injected with high dose of capsaicin (100, $200{\mu}g/mouse$), the size of white pulp was significantly decreased and the length of red pulp was increased, Moreover, vascularity index was diminished in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: These results implies that immunosuppressive effect of capsaicin is associated with cytotoxic activity on lymphocyte, Th1-cytokine down-regulation and lymphoid tissue abnormalization, and this report is expected to give a hand to the study for the mechanism of action of neurotoxin of the immune system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2759-2764
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• 2014

Aim: This study aims to investigate the manifestation of CT, MRI and dynamic enhanced scans for primary hepatic neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. Methods: CT or MRI arterial and venous phase scan images of 19 cases of pathologically confirmed PHNEC were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 14 cases (73.68%) with single lesion, 5 cases (26.3%) with multiple lesions, with an average diameter of 13.2 cm. Some 12 cases (63.16%) showed inhomogeneous enhancement, seven cases (36.8%) showed homogeneous enhancement, 13 cases (68.4%) demonstrated significant enhancement in the arterial phase, 13 cases (68.4%) had significantly enhanced portal venous phase including 7 cases (36.8 %) with portal venous phase density or signal above the arterial phase and 5 cases (26.3%) with the portal vein density or signal below the arterial phase. Seven cases (36.8%) had continued strengthened separate shadows in the center of the lesion. Thrombosis were not seen in portal veins. Conclusion: CT and MRI images of liver cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have certain characteristics that can provide valuable information for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2011

We report a rare case of the coexistence of a gastric small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with a gastric adenocarcinoma. A 62-year-old man presented with epigastric soreness for 1 month. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a Borrmann type I tumor at the lesser curvature of the lower body of the stomach. The patient underwent a distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection and the resected specimen exhibited a $3.5{\times}3.5$ cm sized, fungating lesion. Two separated, not intermingling, lesions with non-adenocarcinoma components encircled by well differentiated adenocarcinoma components were identified microscopically. The non-adenocarcinoma component showed neuroendocrine features, such as a solid and trabecular pattern, and the tumor cells showed a high nuclear grade with minimal cytoplasm, indistinct nucleoli, and positive response for synaptophysin, CD56. The final pathological diagnosis was a gastric mixed exocrine-endocrine carcinoma (MEEC) composed of an adenocarcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the collision type.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2005

Although primary neuroendocrine carcinomas(NEC) are uncommon tumors of the larynx, they represent the most common nonepidermoid malignancy of this organ. Whereas typical carcinoid tumors and small-cell carcinomas occur very rarely in the larynx, the majority of laryngeal NEC belong to a broad intermediate group between these two extremes of NEC. Through many case studies, a major protion of clinicopathologic characteristics of laryngeal NEC have been revealed; however, the gistogenesis of laryngeal NEC is still unknown. The only well-documented normal neuroendocrine structures of the larynx are paraganglions, but the incidence of laryngeal paragangliomas are much lower than that of NEC. Here, we report on three cases of NEC affecting the larynx and the results of searching for neuroendocriene cells in non-neoplastic larynx tissue.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.48-64
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• 1995

Ultrastructure of nerves and their associated cells in the bronchiolar epithelium of the human fetal lung were studied with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical methods. The neuroendocrine cells were scattered along the basal part of non-ciliated respiratory epithelium and appeared as single cell (solitary neuroendocrine cell) or groups (neuroepithelial bodies). The solitary neuroendocrine cells were devoid of any detectable innervation, while the neuroepithelial bodies were associated with nerve ending containing morphologically afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) intraepithelial terminals. The afferent nerve endings contained abundant mitochondria with long cristae. The efferent nerve endings were characterized by the presence of synaptic vesicles. Both types of nerve endings formed synaptic junction between nerve endings and neuroepithelial bodies cells. Serial sections of the intraepithelial nerves revealed that both morphologically afferent and efferent types of nerve endings may be formed by the same nerve fiber. By immunohistochemistry, bombesin and serotonin were localized in solitary neuroendocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies of human fetal lung from various prenatal age groups. These results suggest that the neuroepithelial bodies cells of the human fetal lung have neuroreceptor function.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2010

소아에서 췌장의 악성 종양은 매우 드물게 발생하고 있으며, 특히 악성 신경내분비 종양은 더더욱 드물다. 저자들은 16세 소아 환자에서 발생한 비기능성 악성 신경내분비 종양의 증례를 경험하여 CT와 MRI 소견을 보고하고자 한다. 췌장 두부에서 발생한 고형 종양으로 조영증강 MRI의 문맥기에서 지연기로 갈수록 조영증강이 잘 되고, 주변의 혈관 침습, 총담관 폐색, 림프절병증 등 악성 소견을 동반할 때 췌장의 비기능성 악성 신경내분비 종양을 감별 진단에 포함하여야 한다.