• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2000

Thoracic sympathicotomy has been used safely and successfully to treat essential hyperhidrosis. However, it has been difficult to treat compansatory hyperhidrosis after thoracic sympathicotomy and focal hyperhidrosis. The sweat glands were innervated by post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers with acetylcholic serving as the transmitter. Botulinum A toxin has been reported to block neuro-transmission at the cholinergic autonomic nerve terminals. Prospecting its effect for the sweat gland, we treated 5 patients with focal hyperhidrosis with botulinum A toxin. Three patients received bilateral thoracic sympathectomy (1 case) and sympathicotomy(2 case) via VAT. The hyperhidrosis area was marked with betadine and was subdivided into squares of 2$\times$2 cm(4$\textrm{cm}^2$) each. Botulinum A toxin was injected intracutaneously in a dosage of 2.5U/0.1ml(100U/4ml) /4$\textrm{cm}^2$. A total dose of 100U of Botulinum A toxin was injected into the affected sites. Subjective assessment of sweat production by the patients using a visual analogue scale showed a 20~70% improvement. During the follow-up period, no toxic effects were observed.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2009

해저지진 시 해양구조물의 진동제어를 위한 인공지능 능동제어기법을 제안하였다. 해양구조물의 동적거동은 유체-구조물 상호작용에 의한 비선형 거동을 고려하였으며 인공신경망의 학습기법을 이용하여 해양구조물의 진동제어기를 구현하였다. 수치해석결과 비제어시와 수동제어 그리고 본 연구에서 개발한 인공신경망 제어기법에 의한 성능을 비교하였다. 진동제어 성능은 능동제어가 가장 우수하였으며 신경망 제어기법은 비선형거동을 하는 해양구조물에 적용하여도 그 성능이 매우 뛰어남을 확인하였다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2005

Status epilepticus is a medical emergency, so that rapid and vigorous treatment is required to prevent neuronal damage and systemic complication. Status epilepticus is generally defined as a continuous or intermittent seizure or an unconscious condition after the onset of seizure, lasting for 30 minutes or more. We report here the outcome of status epilepticus. We retrospectively reviewed medical record of 15 patients who were diagnosed with status epilepticus at the Asan Medical Center from January 2003 to February 2004. This outcome was evaluated considering various factors such as age of patients, history of seizures, neurologic impairment, etiology, mortality, return to baseline and initial electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. The range of age was between 1 to 79 years old and the longest duration of treatment was 118 days. Most patients were treated by using pentobarbital, midazolam, phenobarbital and other antiepileptic drugs. The overall mortality was 5 (33%) out of 15 patients. The mortality was related to etiology, underlying other medical conditions and initial EEG findings. 5 (55%) out of the 9 patients with acute etiology, 5 (71%) out of the 7 patients with a multifocal or burst-suppression EEG activity, and 3 (60%) out of the 5 patients with other medical disease were related to mortality. This data demonstrate high mortality due to status epilepticus. Mortality is related to etiology, other medical conditions and abnormalities on the initial EEG.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.2575-2581
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• 2011

최근에 이르러 뇌에 대한 연구가 체계적으로 이루어지고 있으며 뇌파를 활용하기 위한 Brain-Computer Interface(BCI) 기술에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히, BCI 기기를 활용한 기능성 게임 기술이 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 미국 뉴로 스카이사의 마인드셋 SDK(System Development Kit)를 이용하여 집중도과평정도에 따라 협동심과 사회성을 길러주는 기능성 게임으로 기존의 1인용 게임과 차별을 둔 "2인용 협동 댄스게임" 구현을 제안한다. 이 게임은 일반인의 뇌 활성화 및 ADHD 아동과 경도인지장애를 보이는 노인 치료에 도움을 주고 청소년들의 게임문화에 대한 사회적 순기능 역할을 할 것으로 기대한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.863-867
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• 2013

A series of azo disperse dyes having dicyanovinyl groups was synthesized by the Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile from carbonyl substituted phenylazo disperse dyes which were prepared by conventional diazo coupling reaction of aniline derivatives as diazo components. A variety of coupling components such as anilines, an indole and a pyridone were used. The azo disperse dyes were evaluated for their spectral properties and dyeing assessment on the polyester fabrics. The azo disperse dyes containing dicyanovinyl groups showed bathochromic shifts and darker colors due to increased electron withdrawing strength in their azo components and extended conjugation by dicyanovinyl groups than their parent carbonyl substituted azo dyes. The dyes containing 2-acetylamino-5-methoxy substituent in the coupling component exhibited higher wavelength of maximum absorbance (${\lambda}_{max}$) and significant negative solvatochromism than those of other dyes due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 1999

Eye movements serve vision by placing the image of an object on the fovea of each retina, and by preventing slippage of images on the retina. The brain employs two modes of ocular motor control, fast eye movements (saccades) and smooth eye movements. Saccades bring the fovea to a target, and smooth eye movements prevent retinal image slip. Smooth eye movements comprise smooth pursuit, the optokinetic reflex, the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), vergence, and fixation. Saccades achieve rapid refixation of targets that fall on the extrafoveal retina by moving the eyes at peak velocities that can exceed $700^{\circ}/s$. Various brain lesions can affect saccadic latency, velocity, or accuracy. Smooth pursuit maintains fixation of a slowly moving target. The pursuit system responds to slippage of an image near the fovea in order to accelerate the eyes to a velocity that matches that of the target. When smooth eye movements velocity fails to match target velocity, catch-up saccades are used to compensate for limited smooth pursuit velocities. The VOR subserves vision by generating conjugate eye movements that are equal and opposite to head movements. If the VOR gain (the ratio of eye velocity to head velocity) is too high or too low, the target image is off the fovea, and head motion causes oscillopsia, an illusory to-and-fro movement of the environment.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2016

This experimental study measures the emotional and physiological responses of customers as to cafe facade design. It is done through eye-tracking and EEG response experiments. Specifically, their visual concentration and EEG concentration are analyzed in line with their facade preferences. The findings are as follows. First, the correlation between their facade preferences and visual concentration on facades is as follows: Highly preferable facades have a lower visual concentration frequency than the less preferable facades. Second, an analysis of $12{\times}12$ lattice division of facades shows that all facades have a high visual concentration for signs. The exceptions are F(6), F(7), F(8), and F(10). There is no correlation between the facade preferences and visual concentration behaviors for particular facade elements. Third, an analysis of prefrontal lobe's facade concentration shows that there is no correlation between the preferences and EEG concentration. However, there are big differences in the prefrontal lobe activity of 12 subjects depending on the facade. In particular, nine of them (3, 9, 13, 14, 15, 28, 36, 38, 43) show an activated prefrontal lobe as to the highly preferable facades-F(1), F(2), F(3), and F(4). However, such activation is not detected on the less preferable facades-F(9), F(10), F(11), and F(12).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2022

The mass attenuation coefficient is the primary physical parameter to model narrow beam gamma-ray attenuation. A new machine learning based approach is proposed to model gamma-ray shielding behavior of composites alternative to theoretical calculations. Two fuzzy logic algorithms and a neural network algorithm were trained and tested with different mixture ratios of vanadium slag/epoxy resin/antimony in the 0.05 MeV-2 MeV energy range. Two of the algorithms showed excellent agreement with testing data after optimizing adjustable parameters, with root mean squared error (RMSE) values down to 0.0001. Those results are remarkable because mass attenuation coefficients are often presented with four significant figures. Different training data sizes were tried to determine the least number of data points required to train sufficient models. Data set size more than 1000 is seen to be required to model in above 0.05 MeV energy. Below this energy, more data points with finer energy resolution might be required. Neuro-fuzzy models were three times faster to train than neural network models, while neural network models depicted low RMSE. Fuzzy logic algorithms are overlooked in complex function approximation, yet grid partitioned fuzzy algorithms showed excellent calculation efficiency and good convergence in predicting mass attenuation coefficient.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.511-525
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• 2021

In the design of underground excavation, the shear strength (SS) is a key characteristic. It describes the way the rock material resists the shear stress-induced deformations. In general, the measurement of the parameters related to rock shear strength is done through laboratory experiments, which are costly, damaging, and time-consuming. Add to this the difficulty of preparing core samples of acceptable quality, particularly in case of highly weathered and fractured rock. This study applies rock index test to the indirect measurement of the SS parameters of shale. For this aim, two efficient artificial intelligence methods, namely (1) adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) implemented by subtractive clustering method (SCM) and (2) support vector regression (SVR) optimized by Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, are proposed. Note that, it is the first work that predicts the SS parameters of shale through ANFIS-SCM and SVR-HS hybrid models. In modeling processes of ANFIS-SCM and SVR-HS, the results obtained from the rock index tests were set as inputs, while the SS parameters were set as outputs. By reviewing the obtained results, it was found that both ANFIS-SCM and SVR-HS models can provide acceptable predictions for interlocking and friction angle parameters, however, ANFIS-SCM showed a better generalization capability.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2023

Compensatory changes in energy consumption and neuro-hormonal changes following weight loss make it difficult to maintain the reduced weight and may cause weight regain. Therefore, establishing a long-term weight control plan and strategy starting from the initial weight loss period is necessary. Both the patient and doctor should know that weight loss cannot occur continuously, and that maintaining weight after the weight loss period is the basic course of obesity treatment. No single dietary pattern is effective for weight maintenance, and a variety of dietary control methods - such as calorie restriction and healthy proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and meal replacements - should be used to target an integrated and healthy dietary habit. An increase in physical activity is needed for weight loss and maintenance; however, rather than recommending an excessive amount of exercise, it is better to set realistic and long-term achievable goals. It is necessary to reset the goal according to the patient's weight maintenance stage and continuously apply behavioral therapies, such as self-monitoring and stress management. In previous studies, since the degree of weight loss and changes in behavioral patterns over the course of one year were important factors in maintaining long-term weight loss, obesity therapists should closely examine patient data and behavioral patterns across a period of one year and actively intervene when needed.