• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.194-200
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• 2006

Recently, the population growth, industrial and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) composed of the 4 counties and three of them are interesting for Non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Starr, Cameron, and Hidalgo. Especially, the LRGV is an intensively irrigation region, and Texas A&M University Agriculture Program and the New Mexico State University College of Agriculture applied irrigation district program, projects in GIS and Hydrology based agricultural water management systems and assessment of prioritized protecting stream network, water quality and rehabilitation based on water saving potential in Rio Grande River. In the LRGV region, where point and non-point sources of pollution may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to determine the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients within LRGV region. The GIS technique is widely used and developed for the assessment of non-point source pollution in LRGV region. This project shows the losses in $kg/km^2/yr$ of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (total Nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of LRGV. Especially, farmers in Cameron County consume a lot of fertilizer and pesticide to improve crop yield net profit. Then, this region can be created as larger nonpoint source area for nutrients and the intensity of runoff by excess irrigation water. And many sediment and used irrigation water with including high nutrients can be discharged into Rio Grade River.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2020

Background: The cellular senescence of primary cultured cells is an irreversible process characterized by growth arrest. Restoration of senescence by ginsenosides has not been explored so far. Rg3(S) treatment markedly decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in senescent human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). However, the underlying mechanism of this effect of Rg3(S) on the senescent HDFs remains unknown. Methods: We performed a label-free quantitative proteomics to identify the altered proteins in Rg3(S)-treated senescent HDFs. Upregulated proteins induced by Rg3(S) were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. Results: Finally, 157 human proteins were identified, and variable peroxiredoxin (PRDX) isotypes were highly implicated by network analyses. Among them, the mitochondrial PRDX3 was transcriptionally and translationally increased in response to Rg3(S) treatment in senescent HDFs in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our proteomic approach provides insights into the partial reversing effect of Rg3 on senescent HDFs through induction of antioxidant enzymes, particularly PRDX3.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

National parks and other protected areas often do not adequately protect national biodiversity because they were originally created for socio-economic and/or aesthetic values. The Korean government has committed to expanding the extent of protected areas to fulfill its commitments to the Aichi Biodiversity Convention. To do so, it is necessary to quantify the current levels of biodiversity representation within existing protected areas and to identify additional conservation needs for vulnerable species and ecological systems. In this study, we assess the proportion of species ranges found in South Korea's protected areas, for the species documented in the 3^rd National Ecosystem Survey. We modeled the range distribution of 3,645 species in the following taxonomic groups; plants (1,545 species), mammals (35), birds (132), herptiles (35), and insects (1,898) using the MaxEnt species distribution model and calculated how much of each species' range is within protected areas. On average, 17.4% of plant species' ranges are represented in protected areas, while for mammals and insects an average 12.0% is currently conserved. Conservation representation for herptiles averages 9.3%, while it is 8.6% for birds. Although large proportions of species that have restricted distributions should be represented in protected areas, 17 plant species, two insects (Parnassius bremeri and Lasioglossum occidens), and one bird species (Phylloscopus inornatus) with ranges smaller than 1,000 ㎢ have less than 10% of their ranges within protected areas. Establishing specific conservation goals such as the protection of endangered species or vulnerable taxonomic groups will increase the efficiency of the biodiversity conservation strategies. In addition, lowland coastal areas are critical for biodiversity conservation because the protected areas in South Korea are mainly composed of high mountainous areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.151-166
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• 2020

Various experience keywords were derived through text mining analysis of two National Ecological and Cultural Exploration Routes. The results of this study were drawn as follows: The interaction between the experience keywords was analyzed by the degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality value calculated through the centrality analysis of the research site experience keywords. First, In the text mining analysis, 'walking' appeared as the top keyword in the I, II, and III periods of the two target areas. The keywords related to the stay type of "rental cottage" and "recreational forest" were derived for Masil Road in relation to accommodation facilities. However, the keywords related to the accommodation were not derived in Gubul Road. Second, as a result of the centrality analysis, the degree centrality of the keywords "walking", "sea", "look", "salt flats" of Masil Road and "walking", "lake" and "park" of Gubul Road was high. The keywords located at the center are "walking" and "sea" in the Masil Road, and "walking" in the Gubul Road. As an influential keyword, Masil Road is "experience" and Gubul Road is "history". Third, According to the results of the analysis, the keywords that appeared at the top of the Gubul Road are derived from the keywords related to the 1 ~ 8 course, and it is judged that the visitors are visiting the 1 ~ 8 course trail evenly. However, the Gubul Road only appears in the top keyword only for a few courses. Through this, it seems that three courses are intensively visited as the main course of 6 Gubul Road, 6-1 Gubul Road, and 8 Gubul Road.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.70-79
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• 2011

The multi-path routing schemes that assigns labels to sensor nodes for the reliability of data transmission and the accuracy of an aggregation query over the sensor networks where data transfer is prone to defect have been proposed. However, the existing schemes have high costs for reassigning labels to nodes when the network topology is changed. In this paper, we propose a novel routing method that avoids duplicated data and reduces the update cost of a sensor node. In order to show the superiority of the proposed scheme, we compare it with the existing scheme through the various experiments. Our experimental results show that our proposed method reduces about 95% the amount of the transmitted data for restoration to node failure and about 220% the amount of the transmitted data for query processing over the existing method on average.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.196-206
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• 2004

In the Next Generation Internet(NGI) backbone network, a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology has been more and more highlighted to cover the increasing subscribers and bandwidth requirement. For such a DWDM network, Routine and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) is the essential problem to establish the optimal path and assign a wavelength efficiently to the selected path in resource utilization. However, the existing RWA algorithms do not consider the congestion in the network so that the performance of then is so limited. To solve this problem, in this paper, we introduce a new RWA algorithm, called Multi Wavelength-Minimum Interference path Routing (MW-MIPR) that establishes a routing path to minimize the interference for many potential future connection setup request. And then, we also propose a wavelength-routed QoS routing scheme based on differentiated QoS classes with applying MW-MIPR algorithm. Simulation results are also given to prove the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.12B
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• pp.1112-1122
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• 2008

This paper reviews the Parlay X and proposes SIP multimedia session control mechanism which is able to be implemented over IMS using Extended Call Control APIs of Parlay X. Parlay X is one of the industrial standards of Open API in the telecommunication to open network resources and capabilities to third party service providers. In this paper, SIP session control mechanism is described by depicting call flows of basic and essential session handling methods including session initiation, transfer, restoration, and termination. We also show how easy Parlay X Extended Call Control APIs can be used for the purpose of complicated calls handling in the IT applications. To verify feasibility of the blended services based on convergence of telecommunication and internet with regard to performance, we accomplish experimental performance of Extended Call Control APIs from IT application through open service gateway. We show Open API could be applied to next generation network based on IMS without serious degradation of the network performance.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.397-406
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• 2013

Wetland conservation plan has been established to protect ecologically important wetlands based on vegetation integrity, spatial distribution of endangered species, but recently more demands are concentrated on the landscape ecological approaches such as topological relationship, neighboring area, spatial arrangements between wetlands at the broad scale. Landscape ecological analysis and graph theory are conducted to identify spatial characteristics related to core nodes and weak links of wetland networks in Nakdong basin. Regular planar model, which is selected for wetland networks, is applied in the Nakdong basin. The analysis indicates that 5 regional groups and 4 core wetlands are extracted with 15km threshold distance. The IIC and PC values based on the binary and probability models suggest that the wetland group C composed of main stream of Nakdong river and Geumho river is the most important area for wetland network. Wetland conservation plan, restoration projected of damaged and weak links between wetlands should be proposed through evaluating the node, links, and networks from wetlands at the local to the regional scale in Nakdong basin.

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

In this paper, I proposes a method for performing single image super resolution by separating texture-spatial domains and then classifying features based on detailed information. In CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) based super resolution, the complex procedures and generation of redundant feature information in feature estimation process for enhancing details can lead to quality degradation in super resolution. The proposed method reduced procedural complexity and minimizes generation of redundant feature information by splitting input image into two channels: texture and spatial. In texture channel, a feature refinement process with step-wise skip connections is applied for detail restoration, while in spatial channel, a method is introduced to preserve the structural features of the image. Experimental results using proposed method demonstrate improved performance in terms of PSNR and SSIM evaluations compared to existing super resolution methods, confirmed the enhancement in quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.23-43
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to create ecological values for urban rivers. For this, the paper looks into river bed structures and how nearby lands are used. This study was performed to set the specific sections for analysis through a field investigation of the infrastructure conditions, surrounding land use, and the inter habitat structure of Seongnaecheon(Stream). A total of 780 individuals from 31 species of wild birds appeared in Seongnaecheon(Stream). According to foraging guild's habitat, there were 9 species of water, 8 types of water edges, 5 types of crowns, 5 types of shrubs, 2 types of tree trunks, 2 types of birds of raptors, and 355 individuals of water, 243 shrubs, 90 crowns, 84 water edges and 5 raptors. Many water birds were observed at the site where the Seongnaecheon(Stream) sandy plains and wetland herbaceous area were developed and the open water was secured. Most of the forest birds appeared on levee slope connected with forest around and riverside with fewer facilities for use. The species diversity index of Shannon, the entire section of Seongnaecheon(Stream), was 2.2697 and the downstream ecological landscape conservation area of Seongnaecheon(Stream) was found to be useful as a habitat for wild birds in the city compared to other sections. Some sections of Seongnaecheon (Stream) had low species diversity index due to lack of green space and surrounding urbanization areas. In choosing target species, I researched the special features of the habitats and the habitation structure of wild birds in each zone. Regarding detailed plans, by classifying the breeding place & roosting site and the roosting site & shelter that took account of the inhabitation characteristics of the target species in different sections, this paper suggested the major plant species and multilayer planting structures. Moreover, this study proposed the development of habitats for water birds and forest birds along with the connection of the green network for improving the Eco-corridor linkage and inhabitation features in Seongnaecheon(Stream).