• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Quite recently, it has been suggested that the interaction of the solar wind with Mercury results in the variation in the solar wind velocity in the Earth's neighborhood during inferior conjunctions with Mercury. This suggestion has important implications both on the plasma physics of the interplanetary space and on the space weather forecast. In this study we have attempted to answer a question of whether the claim is properly tested. We confirm that there are indeed ups and downs in the profile of the solar wind velocity measured at the distance of 1 AU from the Sun. However, the characteristic attribute of the variation in the solar wind velocity during the inferior conjunctions with Mercury is found to be insensitive to the phase of the solar cycles, contrary to an earlier suggestion. We have found that the cases of the superior conjunctions with Mercury and of even randomly chosen data sets rather result in similar features. Cases of Venus are also examined, where it is found that the ups and downs with a period of ~ 10 to 15 days can be also seen. We conclude, therefore, that those variations in the solar wind velocity turn out to be a part of random fluctuations and have nothing to do with the relative position of inner planets. At least, one should conclude that the solar wind velocity is not a proper observable modulated by inner planets at the distance of 1 AU from the Sun in the Earth's neighborhood during inferior conjunctions.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Variabilities in the solar wind cause disturbances throughout the heliosphere on all temporal and spatial scales, which leads to changeable space weather. As a view of space weather forecasting, in particular, it is important to know direct and indirect causes modulating the space environment near the Earth in advance. Recently, there are discussions on a role of the interaction of the solar wind with Mercury in affecting the solar wind velocity in the Earth's neighborhood during its inferior conjunctions. In this study we investigate a question of whether other parameters describing the space environment near the Earth are modulated by the inner planets' wake, by examining whether the interplanetary magnetic field and the proton density in the solar wind observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft, and the geomagnetic field via the Dst index and Auroral Electrojet index (AE index) are dependent upon the relative position of the inner planets. We find there are indeed apparent variations. For example, the mean variations of the geomagnetic fields measured in the Earth's neighborhood apparently have varied with a timescale of about 10 to 25 days. Those variations in the parameters we have studied, however, turn out to be a part of random fluctuations and have nothing to do with the relative position of inner planets. Moreover, it is found that variations of the proton density in the solar wind, the Dst index, and the AE index are distributed with the Gaussian distribution. Finally, we point out that some of properties in the behavior of the random fluctuation are to be studied.

• 지역연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1994

This study attempts to examine the regional distribution and the locational pattern of leisure facilities at Kangnam-gu in Seoul. For the convenience of the analysis the facilities are classified into public and private sector and then the facilities are classified into 11 types: mineral spring resort, play ground, neighborhood park, swimming pool, gymnasium, bowling, pingpong, aerobic, golf practice, health, and billiard facilities. For the purpose data was collected from statistical yearbook in 1993 and lists of registered facility at department of living physics of Kangnam-gu office. The data of the density of facilities and the opportunity of facilities per facilities type and per region are analysed with the technology of GIS. Results may be summarized as follows. First of all, correlation between the results of Location-Allocation model and the results of Interaction model is very high. Secondly, on comparing the density of facilities with the opportunity of the facility use per eleven facility types, three discrete spatial pattems are found. The mineral spring resort facility type with the highest unbalanced density and opportunity of facility use is to be found. Play ground, neighborhood park, swimming pool, gymnasium, bowling, pingpong, and aerobic facility types have the high unbalanced density and opportunity of facility use. The golf practice, health, and billiard facility types have spatially balanced density and opportunity of facility use. Thirdly, as comparing the density and the opportunity of the facility use per 'dong' administration unit, the spatial patterns of the public and the private facilities are different in density of the facility use and otherwise two are similar in the opportunity of the facility use. Fourthly, patterns of facilities users have different charateristics based on facility use time, expense, residence, and access time and four regional patterns are to be found ; user favorable, facility profitable, user balanced, and unfavorable.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2015

본 연구는 비교사학습의 대표적인 방법 중 하나인 코호넨의 자기조직화 방법을 기반으로 BCI(Brain-Computer Interface)에 적용 가능한 자율적 기계학습방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 상호작용 함수를 이용한 학습영역조정방법과 자율적 기계학습규칙을 제안하였다. 학습영역조정과 기계학습은 코호넨의 자기조직화 방법을 기반으로 한 상호작용 함수에 의한 측면제어효과를 이용하였다. 승자 뉴런을 결정하고 난 후 학습 규칙에 따라 뉴런의 연결강도를 조정하고 학습 횟수가 증가함에 따라 학습영역이 점차 감소하여 출력층 뉴런 가중치들의 입력을 향한 유동을 완화시켜 네트워크가 평형 상태(equilibrium state)에 도달하여 학습을 마칠 수 있는 자율적 기계학습을 제안하였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 1999

목적 : 본 논문은 Bayes의 복합 의사결정모델을 이용한 효과적인 다중에코 자기공명영상의 분류방법을 소개한다. 동질성을 갖는 영역 혹은 경계선부위 등 영역을 명확히 분할하기 위하여 영상 내 국소 부위 이웃시스댐상의 주변정보(contextual information)를 이용한 분류 방법을 제시한다. 대상 및 방법 : 통계학적으로이질적 성분들로 구성된 영상을 대상으로 한 주변정보를 이용한 분류결과는 영상내의 국소적으로 정적인 영역들을이웃화소시스탬 내에서 정의되는 상호작용 인자의 메커니즘에 의해 분리함으로서 개선시킬 수 있다. 영상의 분류과정에서 분류결과의 정확도를 향상시키기 위하여 분류대상화소의 주변화소에 대한 분류패턴을 이용한다면 일반적으로 발생하는 분류의 모호성을 제거한다. 그러한 이유는 특정 화소와 인접한 주변의 데이터는 본질적으로 특정 화소와 상관관계를 내재하고 있으며, 만일 주변데이터의 특성을 파악할수 있다면, 대상화소의 성질을 결정하는데 도움을 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 분류 대상화소의 주변정보와 Bayes의 복합 의사결정모델을 이용한 context-dependent 분류 방법을 제시한다. 이 모델에서 주변 정보는 국소 부위 이웃시스댐으로부터 전이확률(tran­s sition probability)을 추출하여 화소간의 상관관계의 강도를 결정하는 상호인자 값으로 사용한다. 결과 : 본논문에서는 다중에코자기공명영상의 분류를 위하여 Bayes의 복합 의사결정모델을 이용한 분류방법을 제안하였다. 주변 데이터를 고려하지 않는 context-free 분류 방법에 비하여 특히 동질성을 강는 영역 혹은 경계선 부위 등에서의 분류결과가 우수하게 나타났으며, 이는 주변정보를이용한 결과이다. 결론 : 본 논문에서는클러스터링 분석과 복합 의사결정 Bayes 모델을 이용하여 다중에코 자기공명영상의 분류 결과를 향상시키기 위한 새로운 방법을 소개하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.133-160
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to understand the structure of the lived experience by poor elderly people. The research question was 'What is the structure of the lived experience of life of a poor elderly people.' The sample consisted of 21 single poor elderly persons in Pusan. The unstructured interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using the Van Kaam method. This study was 368 responses which yielded of descriptive expressions and priority classifications. The result generated 74 common elements, 18 syntheses of hypothetical definitions and 5 identifications of the structural definition. The structural definitions and hypothetical definitions were as follows; 1. physical discomfort ; complaints of severe pain ; dysfunction of physical organs 2. emotional cognition ; despair ; resignation ; attitude toward death 3. support system ; interaction with family ; thinking about God ; economical difficulties ; expectancy of social services ; opinions about health service ; leisure ; interaction with neighborhood ; dissatisfaction due to inadequate environment 4. past reminiscence ; negative reminiscence of one's past ; past regret ; positive reminiscence of one's past 5. desire ; desire of unrealization life ; self satisfaction The significance of this study for nursing are; Comprehension of the lived experience of client and identification' of nursing approach method concerning the lifestyle of client.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.599-604
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• 2000

In order to study unsteady aerodynamic loads on high speed trains passing by each other at the speed of 350km/h, three-dimensional flow fields around trains during the crossing event are numerically simulated using the three-dimensional Euler equations. The Roe's FDS with MUSCL interpolation is employed to simulate wave phenomena properly. An efficient moving grid system based on domain decomposition techniques is developed to analyze the unsteady flow field induced by the restricted motion of a train on a rail. The numerical simulations of the trains passing by on the double-track are carried out to study the effect of the train nose-shape, the train length and the existence of tunnel when the crossing event occur. Unsteady aerodynamic loads side force and drag force-acting on the train during the crossing are numerically predicted and anlayzed. It is found that the strength of the side force mainly depends on the nose-shape, and that of drag force on tunnel existence. And it is observed that the push-pull like impulsive force successively acts on each car and acts in different directions between the neighborhood cars. The maximum change of the impulsive force reaches about 3 tons. These aerodynamic force data are absolutely necessary for the evaluation of the stability of the high speed multi-car train. The results also indicate the effectiveness of the present numerical method for the simulation of unsteady flow field induced by the bodies in the relative motion.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2015

Purpose: Recently, Housing area plan has tried to reflect a public space of various forms. However, most of cases are indiscriminately developments, which don't reflect the diverse needs of residents. In addition, a subject of the public space is not clear and consistently stable of the management, so the residents don't have an interest enough to take advantage of it. Method: In order to make a plan of the public space of a residential complex, an architect designer needs to take a few things into consideration. One is a physical facility in needs. And other one is a management of keeping a social place stably and consistently, which allows residents to be able to interact with each other. It should be regarded for residents to form a sense of belonging, while minimizing the interface friction. When all these problems are fulfilled, an interaction will be made to improve the quality of the living environment. Result: Therefore, in this study, it is necessary to define the meaning of territoriality of the external public space of housing complex. This study makes it possible to improve the relationship of neighborhood and the quality of the life for the residents, depending on the time. This is the first step as 'the research for the territoriality of the external public space of housing complex', in order to define about the concept, function, characteristic of territory(the base of territoriality) and to establish the territoriality that can form the physical or psychological boundary in public space.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2020

Converting vacant lands for urban agriculture has become a popular topic for American cities to engage in on a program and policy level. The advocates of urban agriculture cite a number of potential benefits, ranging from promoting sustainable urban development, fostering social interaction and educational opportunities, regenerating neighborhoods, and empowering residents. With the emergence of vacant lands in South Korea, different strategies have been implemented for productive use. Nonetheless, less attention has been paid to reinvent vacant lands for urban agriculture. Therefore, this study has examined the case of the City of Milwaukee's vacant land initiatives and programs that were known to have brought a series of positive neighborhood revitalization outcomes. Compared to the case of Milwaukee, intensive land use and high property prices have turned to be the major actors that prevent an active use of vacant land for urban agriculture within the context of South Korean cities. Thus, this paper proposes the possibility of using vacant lands in apartment complexes for urban agriculture.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2012

본 논문은 미지의 시간 지연을 갖는 비선형 상호 연결 시스템을 위한 분산 적응 출력 궤환 제어기를 제안한다. 미지의 시간 지연을 갖는 상호 연결 부분은 부시스템들의 모든 상태 변수를 포함한다. 적당한 르아브노브-크라소브스키 함수와 함수 예측 기법을 사용하여 시간 지연 함수들을 보상한다. 각각의 부시스템을 위한 시간에 독립적인 지역 제어기를 설계하기 위해 관측 동적 표면 제어 기법을 이용한다. 제어된 페루프 시스템의 모든 신호들이 준 전역적이고 균일하게 유계됨과 제어 오차가 원점 주위의 조절 가능한 주변으로 수렴함을 증명한다.