• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3319-3322
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• 2013

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the risk factors for gastric cancer (GC). Any prognostic effect of HER-2 status in gastric lymph node metastasis in H. pylori positive cases is unknown. Materials and Methods: A total of 74 patients, 47 (64%) male, and 27 (34%) female, who had subtotal or total gastrectomy and also positive lymph nodes, were included in the study. Age range was 29-87 years, and median age was 58 years. HER-2 expression was assessed in both gastric resection samples and lymph node material with carcinoma metastasis of the same patient by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and silver in situ hybridization (SISH) methods. H. pylori status was examined in gastric materials of all patients. Relationships between HER-2 status in gastric cancers and lymph nodes and H. pylori status were investigated. Results: H. pylori was positive in 40 cases (54%), and negative in 34 (46%). While in the primary tissues of H. pylori positive cases, SISH positivity for HER-2 was observed in 13 cases (86%), SISH negativity was observed in 2 (14%), in metastatic lymph nodes 21 cases (72%) were SISH positive and 8 cases (28%) were SISH negative (P=0.005 and P=0.019, respectively). Initial CEA values were high in 18 cases (78%) with positive H. pylori and in 5 cases (22%) with negative H. pylori (P=0.009). While SISH data of patients were negative in 59 cases (80%) and positive in 15 cases (20%) in primary tissues, they were negative in 56 cases (75%) and positive in 18 cases (25%) in lymph nodes. Discrepancy between primary tissue and lymph node results was detected in 3 cases, in which SISH was negative in the primary tissue and HER-2 expression was positive in the lymph nodes. Conclusions: Clinical progression was poor in H. pylori positive cases with HER-2 negativity in primary gastric tissue, but HER-2 positivity in the lymph nodes. SISH positivity can be expected in H. pylori positive cases, and it may be predicted that these cases can benefit from trastuzumab treatment.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2009

In this work, antioxidant substance homoorientin from Pseudosasa japonica and Phyllostachys bambusoides leaves wereextracted using ultrasonic system, and analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on-line ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) antioxidant screening method. Also, the various experimental variables were the frequency and time of ultrasonic system. From the results, homoorientin was high extracted at the experimental condition of low frequency 35 kHz and time 60 min. And the content of homoorientin in Phyllostachys bambusoides was remarkably higher than that in the Pseudosasa japonica extract.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

Hotel consumers tend to rely on online reviews to reduce the risk to hotel products when they book hotel rooms because hotel products are high-risk products due to their intangibility. However, the development of ICT has caused information load, and it is an important issue to be perceived as useful information to consumer because a large amount of information complicates the decision making process of consumers. Drawn from Heuristic-Systematic Model(HSM), the present study explored the role of heuristic and systematic cues composing an online review influencing consumers' perception of hotel online reviews. More specifically, this study identified reviewers' identity, level of the reviewer, review star ratings, and attached hotel photo as heuristic cue, while review length, cognitive level of review and negativity in review as systematic cues. The binary logistic regression was adopted for analysis. This study found that only systematic cues of online review were found to affect the usefulness of it. Moreover, we preceded further study examining the moderating effect of seasonality in the relationships between systematic cues and usefulness.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2019

Current article proposes a cheap prototype of an embedded wireless sensor to monitor concrete structures. The prototype can measure temperature and relative humidity concurrently at a controlled through smartphone time interval. It implements a maturity method to estimate in-place concrete strength, which is considered as an alternative for traditional shock impulse method and compression tests used in Kazakhstan. The prototype was tested and adequately performed in the laboratory and field conditions. Tests aimed to study the effect of internal and ambient temperature and relative humidity on the concrete strength gain. According to test results revealed that all parameters influence the strength gain to some extent. For a better understanding of how strongly parameters influence the strength as well as each other, proposed a multicolored cross-correlation matrix technique. The technique is based on the determination coefficients. It is able to show the value of significance of correlation, its positivity or negativity, as well as the degree of inter-influence of parameters. The prototype testing also recognized the inconvenience of Bluetooth control due to weakness of signal and inability to access several prototypes simultaneously. Therefore, further improvement of the prototype presume to include the replacement of Bluetooth by Narrow Band IoT standard.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1258-1270
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• 2017

'Semantic gap' has been a year-old problem in automatic video summarization, which refers to the gap between semantics implied in video summarization algorithms and what people actually infer from watching videos. Using the external EEG bio-feedback obtained from video watchers as a solution of this semantic gap problem has several another issues: First, how to define and measure noises against ERP waveforms as signals. Second, whether individual differences among subjects in terms of noise and SNR for conventional ERP studies using still images captured from videos are the same with those differently conceptualized and measured from videos. Third, whether individual differences of subjects by noise and SNR levels help to detect topic-irrelevant shots as signals which are not matched with subject's own semantic topical expectations (mis-match negativity at around 400m after stimulus on-sets). The result of repeated measures ANOVA test clearly shows a 2-way interaction effect between topic-relevance and noise level, implying that subjects of low noise level for video watching session are sensitive to topic-irrelevant visual shots, while showing another 3-way interaction among topic-relevance, noise and SNR levels, implying that subjects of high noise level are sensitive to topic-irrelevant visual shots only if they are of low SNR level.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.375-383
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to consider the impact on the degree of turnover of the professional self-concept and the emotional labor. This study were subjected to empirical analysis on female children's hospital nurses. The results of the analysis, only emotional labor and task satisfaction among the components of the professional self-concept became statistically significant results. The relationship between professional pride and task satisfaction have a significant effect on turnover. The relationship only of surface acting and turnover between those of emotional labor and turnover became significant. Based on the research results, it should be preferred to nurse specialists in the women's hospital, in order to lower the turnover of nurses. Management strategies of the organization should be sought to improve operational feeling of satisfaction, and Also the approach should be applied to ease the negativity of surface acting.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2014

This is a study on the application of a dialectic way of thinking in terms of design methods, and has contents about the formation of new visual and the ways of process that are triggered by cognitive introspection. A ccordingly, the study has its purposes in interpretation and recommendation of new methodological systems around dialectic principles and ways of thinking on the works of the Dutch Architecture Exhibition carried out in Korea in 2013, with the theme of "Reuse" among the aspects expanding since the reflexive modernization. Firstly, the basic features of Dutch designs were connected to dialectic ways of thinking. After studying the basic concepts of dialectics from Greek philosophies to Kant, Hegel, Marx and Benjamin, the aspects of applying them onto creative works such as art, architecture and design were methodologically systematized. Through this process, it was confirmed that the existing concepts are newly rearranged rationally, logically and scientifically based on dialectic ways of thinking rather than subjectively or emotionally. From the study of the 12 art works, it was confirmed that the value of use and potential obstacles have been used as a design solution. Also, the process which is juxtaposed with the result by itself has been expressed and causes the alienation effect. Therefore, such dialectic ways of thinking was organized into a procedural flow of contradictory recognition on situations, drive due to negativity, mutual penetration, mutual transformation, abstraction, verbalizing and creation of new concepts, and it was confirmed that such finding was valid in securing creative possibilities as 'New Uses' rather than 'Re-uses'.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.555-561
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• 1993

Ultraviolet spectrophotometric investigation has been carried out on the system of iododestannylation iodine and tetramethyltin in methanol. The transient CT absorption spectrum can be observed and the subsequent disappearance of CT absorption spectrum was accompained by the cleavage of tetramethyltin with iodine. From there, the rate constants for the iododestannylation were determined at 10, 25 and 35$^{\circ}C$ up to 1600 bar and the reaction rates were increased with increasing temperature and pressure. From these rate constants, the values of the activation parameters (${\Delta}V^\neq,\;{\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq},\;{\Delta}H^{\neq},\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}\;and\;{\Delta}G^{\neq}$) were obtained. The activation volumes and activation compressibility coefficients were both negativity. The activation enthalpies were positive and activation entropies had large negative values. From these values discussed in terms of solvent structure variation of transition state and mechanism. From these results, it was found that the reaction is followed with $S_E2$ mechaenism and weakened $S_E2$ mechanism nature by increasing pressure.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.245-265
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• 2017

Recently, studies on cognitive control revealed that the optimal level of control is determined on the basis of reward and cost. The value of reward can be subjective and therefore, the optimal control strength can vary accordingly. The inconsistent effect of aging on cognitive control can be the result of flexible adjustment of control signal strength made by the older subjects. In other words, the elderly people maintains the ability to set the optimal level of control, which is known as the function of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. On the other hand, the age-related decline in cognitive control is obvious in rule maintenance and inhibition, which has to do with the function of lateral prefrontal cortex. In this study, we had young and old adults perform go-no go task and compared the behavioral and neural results for different reward conditions. Both age groups showed the best performance and the largest ERN amplitude when the reward was most appealing to them. And there was no age effect in ERN amplitude even though older adults' d' and accuracy was inferior to younger participants. These findings suggest that the effect aging on different cognitive control processes can be asymmetric.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2016

For any conceivable desalination process using the gas hydrate formation, the kinetics has to be one of the most important parameters from the economic point of view. We thus were to improve the kinetics of the R-134a (also known as HFC-134a) gas hydrate formation by using promoters and three different kinds of edible surfactants were selected for the desalination process targeted to produce potable water; κ-carrageenan, lecithin, and polysorbate 80 among anionic, amphoteric, and nonionic surfactants, respectively. Then, the kinetics change of the R-134a hydrate formation was monitored by varying the surfactant concentration. Experimental results demonstrated that the rate of R-134a hydrate formation increases with the addition of edible surfactants in general and the effect as a promotor has an order of polysorbate 80 > κ-carrageenan > lecithin. As a supportive measure, the atomic charges of each surfactant were calculated by using a DFT (density functional theory)-based molecular modeling and the results showed a positive relationship between the promotor effect of each surfactant and the number of oxygens available for hydrogen bonding and the negativity of their atomic charge values.