• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2018

It is known that gamma-band activity (GBA) and phase synchrony (GBPS) are induced by emotional visual stimuli. However, the characteristics of GBA and GBPS according to different emotional states have not been identified. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in gamma-band neuronal synchronization induced by positive and negative emotional visual stimuli using electroencephalograms (EEGs). Thirteen healthy male subjects have participated in the experiment. The induced spectral power in gamma-band was the highest for negative stimuli, and the lowest for neutral stimuli in 300-2,000 ms after the stimulus onset. The inter-regional phase synchronization in gamma-band was increased in 500-2,000 ms, mainly between the bilateral frontal regions and the parieto-occipital regions. Larger number of significant connections were found by negative stimuli compared to positive ones. Judging from temporal and spatial characteristics of the gamma-band activity and phase synchrony increases, the results may imply that affective visual stimuli cause stronger memory encoding than non-emotional stimuli, and this effect is more significant for negative emotional stimuli than positive ones.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2018

Objectives: The current study aims to develop Korean Social Affective Visual Stimuli (K-SAVS) to arouse social affect. Methods: K-SAVS is composed of pictures of social situations among East Asians. Each picture contains a negative, positive, or neutral affect. Positive and negative stimuli were presented to one group of subjects. Negative and neutral stimuli were presented to another group of subjects. All subjects were required to fill out Affective Valence and Arousal Manikin. Results: In the initial test, 18 positive affective stimuli pictures (1 set) and 36 negative affective stimuli pictures (2 sets) were chosen from 95 stimuli pictures. Positive affective stimuli pictures showed higher valence (p < 0.001) and lower arousal (p < 0.001) than negative affective stimuli pictures. In the confirmatory test, 18 neutral stimuli pictures (1 set) were additionally selected out of the total of 79 pictures of neutral stimuli pictures and the pictures used in the former experiment. Neutral stimuli pictures showed higher valence (p < 0.001) and lower arousal (p < 0.001) than negative affective stimuli pictures. Conclusion: K-SAVS can be a valid and useful tool for inducing specific social affects of Koreans.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2001

Objects : The aim of this study was to determine whether the P3 elicited by the negative emotional stimuli is different to that by positive stimuli. Methods : We measured the event-related potentials, especially P3 elicited by the facial photographs in 12 healthy subjects. Subjects were instructed to feel and respond to the rare target facial photographs imbedded in frequent non-target checkerboards. Results : We found that amplitude of P3 elicited by negative emotional photographs was significantly larger than that by the positive stimuli in healthy subjects. Conclusion : These findings suggest that P3 elicited by facial stimuli may be used as a psychophy-siological variable of the emotional processing.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 5-minute short mindfulness intervention on emotional regulation and cognitive improvement compared to self-awareness intervention. Methods : A total of 40 participants were randomly assigned and divided into a mindfulness group and a self-aware group. Participants responded to Korean Version of Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (K-PANAS), and Korean version of Toronto Mindfulness Scale (K-TMS) to confirm prior homogeneity. Both groups performed processing according to each group after completing sentences related to themselves for self-focusing. Afterwards, the participants performed the Emotional Attentional Blink (EAB) task as a behavioral measure, and responded to K-PANAS and K-TMS post hoc. Results : The mindfulness group showed lower negative emotions in the K-PANAS than the self-awareness group. The mindfulness group showed higher accuracy than the self-awareness group in negative stimuli presented in the 200 ms condition and neutral stimuli presented in the 800 ms condition. However, there was no difference between groups in K-TMS. Conclusion : The study suggests that mindfulness and self-awareness have different emotion regulation strategies in negative stimuli. Additionally, 5-minute mindfulness intervention was relatively beneficial to improve cognitive function.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

This study aimed to identify specific psychological and brain activation responses relating to the processing of negative emotions in patients with alcohol dependency. The authors hypothesized that patients with alcohol dependency would demonstrate the abnormal functioning of brain regions involved in negative emotions. Eleven male patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence in an inpatient alcohol treatment facility and 13 social drinkers with similar demographics were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as they viewed film clips that evoked negative emotions. During exposure to negative emotional stimuli, the control group evinced significantly greater activity in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in comparison to patients with alcohol dependency. Correlation analyses demonstrated a negative association in the relationship between beta values from the right ACC and amygdala in participants classified in the control group. No statistically significant relationship was observed for blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) changes between the two regions in the patient group during the elicitation of negative emotions. On the other hand, patients exhibited a greater activation of the amygdala as negative emotions were induced. These results suggest that alcoholism presents pathophysiology of brain activation that is distinct from the responses of healthy individuals functioning as controls.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.403-413
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the responses to positive/negative emotional stimuli for the different sensitivities of behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS). We recorded If-channel EEG data for 8 BAS sensitive subjects an48 BIS sensitive subjects. EEGs were analyzed with LORETA (Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography) From scalp-recorded electrical potential distribution, LORETA computes the three-dimensional intracerebral distributions of current density for specified EEG frequency bands. hs results , significant differences between the BAS sensitive group ant the BIS sensitive group appeared LORETA alpha activities over the prefrontal lobe and the cingulate gyrus. Prefrontal regions and limbic system including cingulate gyrus are involved in emotional processing. Moreover, subjects with the high BAS sensitivity. responded more sensitively to the positive stimulation than subjects with the high BIS sensitivity. Therefore, our results suggest the possibility of correlation between BAS/BIS sensitivity and positive/negative emotional stimuli.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.287-306
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• 2023

This study tries to explore that the relationship between social media company's coercive and involuntary marketing stimuli and the negative consequences that have not been intensively discussed in measuring the performance of social media companies. To reflect the influence of the socio-cultural environment of country, a comparative study was conducted on major social media market in Korea and China. As result of the verification, it was found that coercive marketing stimuli had influence on social media firm's negative consequences. And there are significant differences by country in the effect of company's coercive marketing stimulus on user attitudes and negative performance. The results of this study are expected to provide practical implications for the operation of social media firms and individuals who want to do business using social media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.49-62
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to find out the catalogue and online-order apparel shoppers' impulsive purchase orientation and impulsive purchase stimuli. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to women over than 20 years, and collected from middle to the end of November in 2000. Frequencies, percentages, and mean were calculated. One-way ANOVA, chi-square test, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were used, and Duncan's Multiple Range test was followed. 1. Factors of impulsive purchase orientation were relax from negative moods, design property, inducement from neighbors, taste congruence, price property of apparel, positive moods, and loose-control, and were segmented into the low impulsive purchaser, the reasonable purchaser, the fulfilled with positive moods, and the high impulsive purchaser. The factors of impulsive purchase stimuli were apparel property, consumer service, sales promotion on the point of sales, and low price. 2. The low impulsive Purchaser was affected little by impulsive purchase stimuli, spent a little money on apparel, and the married with high education level were the most. The reasonable purchaser was affected by sales promotion on the point of sales or low price, spent a little money on apparel, and students or house-wives were the most The fulfilled with positive moods was affected by low price, and students or career women with high education level were the most, but spent less money on apparel. The high impulsive purchaser was affected by various impulsive purchase stimuli, the young unmarried with high education level were the most, and spent more money on apparel. 3. The younger, the unmarried, students or career women, and shoppers with higher income or apparel expenditure showed a higher impulsive purchase tendency for relax from negative mood, design property, for inducement from neighbor, taste congruence, and positive moods. 4. The older, the married, house wives, and shoppers with higher apparel expenditure were stimulated by apparel property or consumer services.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 2018

This study explores the effect of information direction and order of cosmetics power bloggers on consumer responses. A total of 488 undergraduate students participated in experiments with mock-up stimuli of sunscreen product reviews by power bloggers. The study was conducted with four stimuli of product review posts (i.e., positive reviews only, positive-negative reviews in order, negative-positive reviews in order, negative reviews only) of the power bloggers. The results showed a significant difference in consumer responses according to information direction and order of product reviews of the power bloggers. Specifically, negative reviews were considered more objective and more useful than positive reviews were. However, positivity of reviews is crucial in generating more positive attitudes toward products, greater purchase intention, and greater word-of-mouth intention. In regard to information order, the negative-positive reviews generated more positive attitudes toward the product and greater purchase intention than did the positive-negative reviews, emphasizing the importance of ending product reviews with positive information so as to create positive responses. Referring to the findings, power bloggers and marketers using bloggers as a promotional tool would benefit by carefully designing information content in consideration of an appropriate direction and order of information to better fit their purpose.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to examine how people categorize obese individuals and if they have stereotyping about obese individuals. Twenty-five female volunteer subjects participated in this study. Subjects were undergraduate students in Textiles and Clothing courses at a midwestern university, US. Subjects were asked to give their one-word responses to four statements or questions regarding their impressions of six stimuli. The six stimuli consisted of magazine photographs of women; the magazines were general interest and fashion publications. Subjects then recorded their answers in the boxes for each of the six pictures. As the results, the relevant question as to whether or not more negative attributes would be assigned to the obese model's photographs was confirmed for the Description of Model variable, but not for the Personality of Model or for the Liking the Model variables. There was significant difference in means between the positive and negative descriptions of the Description of Model variable in the direction of negativity toward the obese group seems to confirm that, not only do people categorize others based on appearance, but there was a tendency to favor the average-size group and to view as negative the obese group.