• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 2001

Quantifications of fish farm influences on stream water quality may provide basic informations on watershed management to reduce environmental impact due to fish farm development and to conserve stream water quality in forested watershed area. In this research stream water qualities around Mt. Paekun area were monitored seasonally and the following results were obtained. Due to the increase of pH in effluent water from the fish farm it was believed that alkalization of stream water can be accelerated by large scale development of fish farms in the forested watershed area. Negative effects on stream water quality were observed by indications of increase in electrical conductivity and temperature of effluent water from the fish farm. Decreases in physicochemical indices such as the amount of dissolved oxygen, percentage of dissolved oxygen, total amount of cation, total amount of anion and total amount of ion in effluent water from the fish farm were also negative aspects in downstream ecology. It is recommended that water purification system as well as eco-friendly fish farm design should be incorporated to large scale fish farm development plan in forested watershed area.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제59권10호
• /
• pp.1862-1868
• /
• 2010

A corona motor, as one of a powerful cooling means of microelectronic devices, has been employed because of its very simple structure of no coils and no brushes. In this paper, the effect of polarity of applied voltage and the number of blade corona electrodes on the fundamental properties of rotation of the motor was investigated. The I-V and rotation characteristics of the blade corona electrode were significantly different from the different polarities of applied voltages and the blade corona electrode numbers, due to the different space charge effect resulted by the different migration mobility of the positive and negative ions generated near the blade corona electrode tip of the rotor of the motor. The rotation speed of the motor was influenced significantly by the polarity of corona discharge, the number of blades, and mass of rotor. At the same corona current, an effective rotation can be obtained with the positive corona caused by the lower ion mobility. On the other hand, the higher rotation speed can be obtained with the negative corona resulted from its higher corona current. The highest rotation speed and energy efficiency can be obtained with the rotor having 4 blades.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 1999

Quantifications of fish farm influences on stream water quality may provide basic informations on watershed management to reduce environmental impact due to fish farm development and to conserve stream water quality in forested watershed area. In this research stream water qualities around (Mt.) Paekun area were monitored by seasons and the following results were obtained. Due to the increase of pH in effluent water from the fish farm it was believed that alkalization of stream water can be accelerated by large scale development of fish farms in the forested watershed area. Negative effects on stream water quality was also observed by indications of increase in electrical conductivity and temperature of effluent water from the fish farm. Decreases of physicochemical indexes such as the amount of dissolved oxygen, percentage of dissolved oxygen and total amount of ion in effluent water from the fish farm were also negative aspects in downstream ecology. It is recommended that water purification system as well as eco-friendly fish farm design be incorporated to large scale fish farm development plan in forested watershed area.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.674-677
• /
• 2011

The dependency of sputtering power on the electrical performances in amorphous HIZO-TFT (hafnium-indium-zinc-oxide thin film transistors) has been investigated. The HIZO channel layers were prepared by using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method with different sputtering power at room temperature. TOF-SIMS (time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) was performed to confirm doping of hafnium atom in IZO film. The field effect mobility (${\mu}FE$) increased and threshold voltage ($V_{th}$) shifted to negative direction with increasing sputtering power. This result can be attributed to the high energy particles knocking-out oxygen atoms. As a result, oxygen vacancies generated in HIZO channel layer with increasing sputtering power resulted in negative shift in Vth and increase in on-current.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.329-334
• /
• 2019

Sn-Cu alloy powders were prepared via a simple chemical reduction method for the negative electrode materials in lithiumion batteries. The addition of Cu can suppress the growth of Sn particles during synthetic process. Furthermore, the Cu also acts as a matrix phase against the volume change during cycling. With increasing amount of the Cu, a stable $Cu_6Sn_5$ phase formed in the Sn-Cu alloy and its cycle performance greatly enhanced depending on the Cu content. To promote the generation of the $Cu_6Sn_5$ phase, the synthesis temperature is raised to $60-100^{\circ}C$ from the ambient temperature. The Sn-Cu alloy powders prepared at elevated temperatures showed remarkable cycle performances. The Sn-Cu alloy powder obtained at $60^{\circ}C$ exhibited a significantly high volumetric capacity of over 2,000 mAh/cc at the 50th cycle.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.367-377
• /
• 1995

상수처리시 응집동역학에 관한 연구를 수행하기 위하여 $FE(NO_3)$$_3.9H_2O$을 응집제로 사용하여 Kaolin현탁액을 응집시키는 실험을 행하였다. 응집 동력학은 응집과정중 입자크기의 증가 을 측정하는 것으로서 응집의 mechanism에 대한 이해와 응집시 사용되는 최적 응집제의 량과 종류 그리고 최적 pH를 선정하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 기본적 응집동력학에 대한 연구를 토대로 수중의 황산이온이 응집동력학에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 각 실험조건들은 일련의 Jar Tests를 통하여 선정되었으며 상수처리시 제기될 수 있는 광범위한 탁도와 pH를 포함하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 응집 동력학을 측정하기 위하여 '자동영상분석계(AIA)' 를 이용하여 응집과정중의 입자와 크기분포와 '관상란분석계(PDA)' 를 이용한 응집과정중의 탁도변화에 관한 자료를 상호 비교하였다. 본 실험에서 도출된 결과에 의하면, Kaolin현탁물에 가해진 $10^{-3}M$의 황산이온은 응집과정에 상당히 큰 영향을 초래하였으며 응집된 입자표면의 전위(zeta potential)변하ㅗ에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 응집과정에 가해진 황산이온은 약산성($\le$ pH 6.8)에서의 응집과정을 크게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 응집 동력학의 효율증진은 황산이온이 첨가됨으로 인하여 FE(III)침전물 형성율의 촉진에 기인한 수중입자의 충돌빈도의 증가에 의한 것으로 규명 되어졌다규명 되어졌다

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.466-468
• /
• 2012

Amorphous InGaZnO (${\alpha}$-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are are very promising due to their potential use in thin film electronics and display drivers [1]. However, the stability of AOS-TFTs under the various stresses has been issued for the practical AOSs applications [2]. Up to now, many researchers have studied to understand the sub-gap density of states (DOS) as the root cause of instability [3]. Nomura et al. reported that these deep defects are located in the surface layer of the ${\alpha}$-IGZO channel [4]. Also, Kim et al. reported that the interfacial traps can be affected by different RF-power during RF magnetron sputtering process [5]. It is well known that these trap states can influence on the performances and stabilities of ${\alpha}$-IGZO TFTs. Nevertheless, it has not been reported how these defect states are created during conventional RF magnetron sputtering. In general, during conventional RF magnetron sputtering process, negative oxygen ions (NOI) can be generated by electron attachment in oxygen atom near target surface and accelerated up to few hundreds eV by self-bias of RF magnetron sputter; the high energy bombardment of NOIs generates bulk defects in oxide thin films [6-10] and can change the defect states of ${\alpha}$-IGZO thin film. In this paper, we have confirmed that the NOIs accelerated by the self-bias were one of the dominant causes of instability in ${\alpha}$-IGZO TFTs when the channel layer was deposited by conventional RF magnetron sputtering system. Finally, we will introduce our novel technology named as Magnetic Field Shielded Sputtering (MFSS) process [9-10] to eliminate the NOI bombardment effects and present how much to be improved the instability of ${\alpha}$-IGZO TFTs by this new deposition method.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2006

폐펄프를 흡착제로 $Ni^{2+}$가 함유된 폐수의 흡착 처리시 흡착제로 활용하는 방안을 검토하고자, 흡착질의 초기 농도, 온도, 흡착제인 폐펄프의 양, pH 등을 변화시키고, 공존물질의 농도 및 전처리의 영향 등의 요인을 고려하여 실험하였다. pH 에 따른 폐펄프의 Electrokinetic Potential pH 7.8 보다 낮은 영역에서는 양의 전하를 나타내고, 그 이상의 pH에서는 음의 전하를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 폐펄프에 대한 $Ni^{2+}$의 흡착은 4시간 이내에 평형에 도달하였고, 흡착질인 $Ni^{2+}$의 초기 농도가 증가할수록 흡착량 역시 증가함을 보였다. 온도가 증가함에 따라 흡착량이 감소하여 흡착반응은 발열반응의 양상을 보였으며 이를 열역학적으로 고찰하였다. 또한 흡착제인 폐펄프의 양이 증가함에 따라 흡착량이 증가하였으며, pH $3{\sim}6$ 영역에서 pH 가 증가함에 따라 흡착량이 증가함을 보였는데 이는 폐펄프의 표면전위의 pH에 따른 변화양상과도 일치하는 결과였다. 공존물질인 $KNO_3$의 농도가 증가함에 따라 $Ni^{2+}$ 흡착량이 감소함을 보였고, NaOH 로 페펄프를 전처리한 후 흡착실험을 한 결과 전반적으로 NaOH 의 농도가 상승함에 따라 흡착률이 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었으나 그 값이 어느 한도 이상일 경우 오히려 흡착률이 감소하는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.331-340
• /
• 2022

Early afterdepolarization (EAD), a significant cause of fatal ventricular arrhythmias including Torsade de Pointes (TdP) in long QT syndromes, is a depolarizing afterpotential at the plateau or repolarization phase in action potential (AP) profile early before completing one pace. AP duration prolongation is related to EAD but is not necessarily accounted for EAD. Several computational studies suggested EAD can form from an abnormality in the late plateau and/or repolarization phase of AP shape. In this sense, we hypothesized the slope during repolarization has the characteristics to predict TdP risk, mainly focusing on the maximum slope during repolarization (dVm/dt_{max_repol}). This study aimed to predict the sensitivity of dVm/dt_{max_repol} to ion channel conductances as a TdP risk metric through a population simulation considering multiple effects of simultaneous reduction in six ion channel conductances of g_NaL, g_Kr, g_Ks, g_to, g_K1, and g_CaL. Additionally, we verified the availability of dVm/dt_{max_repol} for TdP risk prediction through the correlation analysis with qNet, the representative TdP metric. We performed the population simulations based on the methodology of Gemmel et al. using the human ventricular myocyte model of Dutta et al. Among the sixion channel conductances, dVm/dt_{max_repol} and qNet responded most sensitively to the change in g_Kr, followed by g_NaL. Furthermore, dVm/dt_{max_repol} showed a statistically significant high negative correlation with qNet. The dVm/dt_{max_repol} values were significantly different according to three TdP risk levels of high, intermediate, and low by qNet (p<0.001). In conclusion, we suggested dVm/dt_{max_repol} as a new biomarker metric for TdP risk assessment.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.555-566
• /
• 2008

불소 오염이 심각한 곳으로 파악된 충북 보은 삼승면 일대 지역의 오염의 현황과 원인 규명을 위하여 수리지구화학적 연구와 물암석 반응 실험 연구가 수행되었다. 조사 지역 암반 지하수의 불소 함량은 최대 3.9 mg/L에 이르며, 먹는물 수질기준의 불소 항목(1.5 mg/L)을 초과율은 23%에 이른다. 불소 이온의 평균 함량은 1.0 mg/L이나, 낮은 값으로의 왜도(1.3)가 크기 때문에 중앙값은 평균에 비하여 크게 적은 0.5 mg/L으로 나타난다. 불소 농도는 화강암 분포 지역에서 심부 지하수에 해당하는 $NaHCO_3$ 유형 지하수에서 상대적으로 높게 나타나고 있다. 불소와 질산염 이온($NO_3$)은 뚜렷한 부의 상관관계를 나타내고 있어 불소는 지표 오염과 상관없는 지질기원이며, 상대적으로 심부 암반 지하수에 부화되었을 가능성을 지시한다. 이것은 조사 지역의 암석을 사용한 실내 실험에서 확인되었다. 순수흑운모 화강암 반응 실험 결과 불소 함량은 96시간 후에 최대 1.2 mg/L까지 증가하였다. 그러나 불소 농도와 지하수 관정 심도, 지구화학적으로 물암석 반응의 정도를 지시할 수 있는 인자($Na^+$, $HCO_3$, pH 등)들의 값과는 뚜렷한 상관관계를 나타내고 있지 않았다. 이는 불소 이온이 물암석 반응 정도와 상관없이 함불소 광물의 국지적인 분포에 영향을 받을 수 있다는 것을 암시한다. 고농도의 불소를 함유하는 지하수의 공간분포는 선구조 분포와 연관되어 있음을 보여주고 있어, 물암석 반응이 상당히 진행되어 불소 함량이 높은 심부 암반 지하수가 선구조 분포 지역의 파쇄대를 통하여 배출되었음을 지시한다. 하지만, 선구조 분포와 불소 농도는 전체적으로는 일치하지 않아, 파쇄대의 분포가 불규칙적이고, 심부 지하수와 천부 지하수의 혼합과 정도 불균질함을 지시하는 것으로 추정된다.