• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.225-227
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• 2009

A new planar metamaterial (MTM) with simultaneous negative values of permittivity (${\varepsilon}$) and permeability (${\mu}$) is proposed. Our MTM is composed of two identical copper patterns etched on both sides of dielectric laminate, which is very thin and easy to fabricate. Unlike conventional MTMs, the proposed structure shows a negative refractive index (NRI) behavior with respect to a normally incident wave. To explain the underlying principle of the NRI characteristics, an equivalent resonant circuit model based on surface current density distribution is investigated. An eigenmode analysis and a three-dimensional wave simulation for the stacked MTM prism are also performed to verify the existence of negative refraction. The experimental results from the transmission and reflection measurement ensure the validity of our design approach and show good agreement with the theoretically predicted effective medium parameters.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2005

We derived a formula which can calculate the space distribution of refractive index variation by an applied electric field about Bi$_{12}$ GeO$_{20}$ single crystal. Stereographic projection maps of refractive index variation by an applied electric field were made out using numerical value to be calculated by this formula. By the calculated results, since an electric field had applied to [(equation omitted) 1 1] direction and [1 (equation omitted) 1] direction of Bi$_{12}$ GeO$_{20}$ crystal, positive variation of the refractive index of [(equation omitted) 1 1] direction and [1 (equation omitted) 1] direction was the largest. The incremented refractive index per unit electric field was +3.2410${\times}$10$^{-11}$ V$^{-1}$ for the wavelength of 6328 $\AA$. Since an electric field had applied to [1 1 1] direction and [(equation omitted) 1] direction, negative variation of the refractive index of [1 1 1] direction and [(equation omitted) 1] direction was the largest. The decremented refractive index per unit electric field was -3.2410${\times}$10$^{-11}$ V$^{-1}$ for the wavelength of 6328 $\AA$.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.566-570
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• 2020

The present paper computes the refractive indices of different corona viruses (H5N1, H5N2, H9N2, H4N6, FAdV and IBV) through reflectance analysis of a virus solution. The computational analysis indicates that the refractive indices of all viruses are negative at the signal of 412 nm. Further the numerical output shows that the infectious bronchitis viruses (family of novel corona viruses, COVID-19) have higher negative refractive indices as compared to other corona viruses. Finally refractive indices of the family of COVID-19 are investigated with respect to the EID (Electronic infusion Device) concentration of the viruses, showing that the refractive index which ranges from "-0.96725 to -0.999998" corresponds to '0.01 to 10000' EID virus concentration.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제6권S1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1997

Optical and mechanical characteristics of $TiO-2, ZrO_2 \;and\; SiO_xN_y$ thin films prepared by ion assisted deposition (IAD) were investigated. IAD films were bombarded by Ar or nitrogen ion beam from a Kaufman ion source while they were grown in as e-beam evaporator. The result shows that the Ae IAD increases the refractive index and packing density of $TiO_2 films close to those of the bulk. For $ZrO_2$ films the Ar IAD increases the average refractive index decreases the negative inhomogeneity of refractive index and reverses to the positive inhomogeneity. The optical properties result from improved packing density and denser outer layer next to air The Ar-ion bombardment also induces the changes in microstructure of $ZrO_2$ films such as the preferred (111) orientation of cubic phase increase in compressive stress and reduction of surface roughness. Inhomogeneous refractive index SiOxNy films were also prepared by nitrogen IAD and variable refractive index of $SiO_xN_y$ film was applied to fabricate a rugate filter.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1367-1374
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• 2008

음의 유전율 및 투자율을 갖도록 고안된 메타 물질을 안테나 상부 덮개(superstrate)로 사용한 와이브로(Wibro: wireless broadband internet) 기지국용 고 이득 Fabry-$P{\acute{e}}rot$ 공진기 안테나를 제안한다. 안테나의 상부 덮개로 사용된 새로운 메타 물질은 기존의 PCB 기술로 쉽게 제작 가능하도록 평판형으로 설계되었으며, 와이브로 서비스 주파수 대역 근방에서 음의 굴절률 및 '1'보다 작은 저 굴절률 값을 갖는다. 안테나의 이득 증대 효과를 유효매질 관점에서 추출된 메타 물질의 저 굴절률 특성과 Fabry-$P{\acute{e}}rot$ 공진기의 공진 조건이라는 두 가지 측면에서 분석하였다. 단일 정사각형 패치 안테나가 공진기 내부의 신호 피더로 사용되었으며, Fabry-$P{\acute{e}}rot$ 공진 조건을 충족시키기 위해 피더와 메타 물질 상부 덮개 사이의 이격 거리는 유전체 층을 포함한 접지면의 반사 위상과 메타 물질 상부 덮개의 반사 위상을 함께 고려하여 설정하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통한 예측 특성과 실험 결과가 잘 일치하였으며, 이를 통하여 본 논문에서 제시한 설계 방법이 타당함을 입증할 수 있었다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2012

We have proposed a metamaterial lens that enables sub-wavelength focusing, which is shorter than an operating wavelength. Our lens is a two dimensional array of a unit cell consisting of a metallic dual-plate printed on a dielectric substrate. The unique dual-plate structure provides negativeness both in permittivity and permeability, with no help from conventional additional structures, which are normally printed on the opposite of metallic patterns. Therefore, we can focus a source (or an image) in a tiny distance shorter than the free space wavelength (${\lambda}$) at the frequencies of interest. Furthermore, since the proposed geometry does not need separate supplementary structures to acquire negative permittivity or permeability, our lens is much simpler than conventional metamaterial lenses, which is a strong point in practical applications. We have validated sub-wavelength focusing ability in a 6 GHz frequency band through an experiment of near field scanning, which provided the width of about 0.19 ${\lambda}$ at a half maximum of a peak value of an measured image. The width of the focused image through the lens is more than 4 times shorter than that without the lens, which confirms the validity of our design approach.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 공진형 무선전력전송 시스템의 효율 개선을 위해 메타구조 기반의 단위 셀 및 배열 된 구조를 제안하였다. 자기장 집속을 위해 제로 굴절률 특성을 이용하였으며, 이를 구현하기 위해 유효 투자율의 실수가 0의 값을 갖도록 설계하였다. 제안된 단위 셀의 크기는 $70mm{\times}70mm{\times}3.2mm$이며, 동작 주파수는 13.56 MHz 이다. 또한, 배열된 구조의 크기는 $400mm{\times}400mm{\times}3.2mm$이며, 2-layer 구조로 이루어져 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 공진형 무선전력전송 시스템의 효율은 송수신 공진기 사이의 거리가 100 mm ~ 400 mm에서 각각 94.8 %, 93.2 %, 91.4 %, 90.8 % 이며, 전체 거리에서 90 % 이상의 고효율 특성을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2011

본 논문은288, 298, 308, 318 K에서 구성 요소의 전체 영역에서 이성분 혼합물과 그 특징을 발표하였다. 각각의 다른 온도에서 초과유전상수, 초과 몰 부피, 초과 굴절률, 몰 굴절, 초과 몰 굴절은 실험적으로 측정된 이전의 파라미터 값으로부터 계산되었고 Redlich-Kister 식으로 확인했다. 초과 유전상수, 초과 몰 부피, 초과 몰 편광은 음수인 반면에 초과 굴절률은 모든 온도에 대해 메틸 아세테이드의 전체 몰 분율에서 양수이다. 본 결과는 이성분 혼합물에서 발생하는 분자 사이의 상호작용을 고려하여 논의 되었다. Redlich-Kister 다항식의 예측된 계수와 계수에 따른 표준오차 또한 보고되었다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2013

We study the focusing properties of a two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal (PC) comprising silica and germanium partitioned cylinders in air background. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method with periodic boundary condition is utilized to calculate the dispersion band diagram and the FDTD method incorporating the perfectly matched layer boundary condition is employed to simulate the image formation. In contrast to the common square PCs in which the negative refraction effect occurs in the first photonic band without negative phase propagation, in our suggested model system, the frequency with negative refraction exists in the second band and in near-infrared region. In this case, the wave propagates with a negative phase velocity and the evanescent waves can be supported. We also discuss the dependency of the image resolution and its location on surface termination, source location, and slab thickness. According to the simulation results, spatial resolution of the proposed PC lens is below the radiation wavelength.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.189-191
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• 2013

This letter presents a compact metamaterial-based tunable zeroth-order resonant antenna. It is based on the double-negative unit cell with a function of tunable inductance realized by a varactor and impedance convertor in the shunt branch. The resonant frequency of the designed antenna ranges from 2.31 to 3.08 GHz, depending on the capacitance of the used varactor. Its size is very compact ($0.05{\lambda}_0{\times}0.2{\lambda}_0$) with a relatively wide tunable range of 29.1%. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is from 20 to 50 MHz for the resonant center frequency. The measured maximum total realized gain is from -0.68 dBi (2.43 GHz) to 1.69 dBi (2.97 GHz). The EM-simulated and measured results are in good agreement.