• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.615-622
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on the relationships between past behavior and customers' intention to engage in negative word-of-mouth communication of dissatisfaction responses. Results of the study demonstrated that the inclusion of past behavior improved the predictability of the negative word-of-mouth communication of dissatisfaction response intentions. Furthermore, the mediating analyses indicated that the influence of past behavior was mediated by the mediator. In the contests of negative word-of-mouth communication, the effect of past behavior on intention was partially mediated by attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-190
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• 2013

This study investigated the influences of ego-resilience, positive affects, and negative affects on stress levels in children. The subjects were 245 5th-graders. The results indicated that : (1) Ego-resiliency and positive affects were significantly positively related to each other, and these variables were significantly negatively related to negative affects and stress. (2) Ego-resiliency had a direct effect on children's stress. Additionally, positive affects and negative affects mediated between ego-resiliency and stress; this means children who had high ego-resiliency experienced more positive affects, which led to lesser negative affects and reduced levels of stress.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-86
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of office workers' covert narcissism on organizational silence and identify the (Duel)mediation effects on fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation. This study used a survey of 393 office workers to measure the covert narcissism, the organizational silence, the fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation. The collected data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 23 and SPSS PROCESS macro in a Bootstrapping method. The result shows that the covert narcissism, the organizational silence, the fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation have positive correlations. In addition, a simple regression analysis was used according to the research model and all of them showed adequate coefficient of determination between each variables. Next, the mediating model was verified by mediation of the fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation. In the relationship between the covert narcissism and the organizational silence, the mediating effect of the fear of negative evaluation was not verified and the avoidance motive showed a partial mediating effect. Finally, in the relationship between the covert narcissism and the organizational silence, the fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation were gradually mediated through the (Duel)mediation effects model, and the model was statistically significant. Through this study, The implications of this study were discussed, not only the limitations of the study but also the necessity of further research were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.77-90
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• 2011

This study attempted to examine the differences between male and female juveniles from the perspective of the parentification and to discover if the differences in the effects of shame and guilt proneness on the parentification of juveniles according to gender were observed under the control of negative family environment variables. With this purpose in mind, the researcher measured negative family environments, and the shame proneness, guilt proneness, and parentification of 225 male and 243 female students in middle schools in Seoul. The results indicate that there were differences in the levels of parentification according to gender male juveniles showed higher levels of parentification than female juveniles. In addition, after negative family environment variables were under control, both shame proneness and guilt proneness effected the parentification. Furthermore, while the effects were different according to gender, guilt proneness had a significant effect on parentification for males and shame proneness had a significant effect on the parentification for females. In conclusion, it was suggested that female's parentification as effected by shame proneness nees to be be noted although male juveniles showed higher levels of the parentification.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The objective was to develop the advanced method which could not explain each observation's specific characteristic in the present negative binomial method that results in under-estimation of the standard error(t-value inflation) and affects the confidence of whole derived results. METHODS : This study dealt with traffic accidents occurring within interchange segment on highway main line with RPNB(Random Parameter Negative Binomial) method that enables to take account of heterogeneity. RESULTS : As a result, AADT and lighting installation type on the road were revealed to have random parameter and in terms of other geometric variables, all were derived as fixed parameter(same effect on every segment). Also, marginal effects were adapted to analyze the relative effects on traffic accidents. CONCLUSIONS : This study proves that RPNB method which considers each observation's specific characteristics is better fitted to the accident data with geometrics. Thus, it is recommended that RPNB model or other methods which could consider the heterogeneity needs to be adapted in accident analysis.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

As the online space becomes more active, interest in protecting personal information is increasing. From this point of view, it is important to prevent personal information from being leaked in advance. As a precaution, it is suggested that users change their password periodically to protect their personal information effectively. Currently, various online services provide a request message that prompts users to periodically change their password. These messages are expressed as positive-centric or negative-centric. This message can be seen as a powerful way to trigger users' behavior. In this context, this study suggests that message framing type can be applied to the password change request message, and to investigate the difference between the positive-centric message and the negative-centric message. In addition, this study concluded that the effect of message type may be different depending on the degree of psychological ownership of the individual on the online service. As a result, users with high psychological ownership in online service were more effective when positive-centric message was presented than negative-centric message. On the other hand, users with low psychological ownership in online service were more effective when negative-centric message was presented than positive-centric message.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.210-215
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• 2018

Background: The aims of this study were to determine the extent of workplace bullying perceptions among the employees of a Faculty of Medicine, evaluating the variables considered to be associated, and determining the effect of workplace bullying perceptions on their psychological symptoms evaluated by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed involving 355 (88.75%) employees. Results: Levels of perceived workplace bullying were found to increase with the increasing scores for BSI and BSI sub-dimensions of anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility (all p < 0.001). One point increase in the workplace bullying perception score was associated with a 0.47 point increase in psychological symptoms evaluated by BSI. Moreover, the workplace bullying perception scores were most strongly affected by the scores of anxiety, negative self, depression, hostility, and somatization (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present results revealed that young individuals, divorced individuals, faculty members, and individuals with a chronic disease had the greatest workplace bullying perceptions with our study population. Additionally, the BSI, anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility scores of the individuals with high levels of workplace bullying perceptions were also high.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2013

In this work, we investigated the characteristics and the effects of light on the negative gate bias stress stability (NBS) in high mobility polycrystalline IGO TFTs. IGO TFT showed a high drain current on/off ratio of ${\sim}10^9$, a field-effect mobility of $114cm^2/Vs$, a threshold voltage of -4V, and a subthresholdslpe(SS) of 0.28V/decade from log($I_{DS}$) vs $V_{GS}$. IGO TFTs showed large negative $V_{TH}$ shift(17V) at light power of $5mW/cm^2$ with negative gate bias stress of -10V for 10000seconds, at a fixed drain voltage ($V_{DS}$) of 0.5V.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 2011

This study analyzed the internal-external controls, psychological well-being and depression of mothers as factors that affect mothers's parenting style of young children. The participants were 228 mothers of preschoolers. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's productive correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results showed that positive mothers parenting style had positive relationships with internal control and psychological well-being. On the other hand, positive mother's parenting style had negative relationships with external control and depression. In addition, negative mother's parenting style had positive relationships with external control and depression. On the other hand, negative mother's parenting style had no relationship with psychological well-being and internal control. Psycholobrical well-being had the strongest effect on positive mother's parenting style and external control had the strongest effect on negative mother's parenting.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2016

The predominant type of buckling that I-steel concrete composite beams experience in the negative moment area is distortional buckling. The key factors that affect distortional buckling are the torsional and lateral restraints by the bottom flange. This study thoroughly investigates the equivalent lateral and torsional restraint stiffnesses of the bottom flange of an I-steel concrete composite beam under negative moments. The results show a coupling effect between the applied forces and the lateral and torsional restraint stiffnesses of the bottom flange. A formula is proposed to calculate the critical buckling stress of the I-steel concrete composite beams under negative moments by considering the lateral and torsional restraint stiffnesses of the bottom flange. The proposed method is shown to better predict the critical bending moment of the I-steel composite beams. This article introduces an improved method to calculate the elastic foundation beams, which takes into account the lateral and torsional restraint stiffnesses of the bottom flange and considers the coupling effect between them. The results show a close match in results from the calculation method proposed in this paper and the ANSYS finite element method, which validates the proposed calculation method. The proposed calculation method provides a theoretical basis for further research on distortional buckling and the ultimate resistance of I-steel concrete composite beams under a variable axial force.