• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.183-186
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• 2012

Endophytic fungi were isolated from needle leaves of Pinus thunbergii distributed in Boryeong of Korea. Total 7 species of fungi were identified using partial sequences of ITS and LSU regions of nuclear DNA Anthostomella sepelibilis, Beltrania sp., Cladosporium sp., Coniochaeta velutina, Entonaema pallida, Lophodermium sp. and Nigrospora sphaerica sphaerica. The endophytic fungi, Beltrania sp. was the most dominant species isolated from P. thunbergii in this study. Results indicate that the distribution of endophytic fungi in the leaves of P. thunbergii could be influenced by environments of the fungal habitat.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2022

An increasing trend embracing the 2030 generation mindset through the new word 'newtro', which means reinterpreting the past and selling it in the present, has been gaining traction. The 2030 generation who seek new experiences and desserts is growing. The unique dessert market is expected to continue to grow in the future. Thus, this study devised a pine needle madeleine. Madeleines were made by varying the proportions of pine needle powder added to 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, and specific gravity, moisture, color, physical properties, and antioxidant properties were measured. The L-value decreased significantly (p<0.001) as the amount of pine needle powder added increased, and the a-value increased (p<0.001). The total polyphenol content, DPPH, and ABTS gradually increased significantly (p<0.001). Through this study, it was possible to confirm the quality and characteristics of madeleines using pine needle powder, which has excellent antioxidant properties, and it will become basic data for the development of various desserts using pine needle powder.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.11-15
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• 1953

Two flavons, which are a new flavon (the Authors are going to call it "CLEMATISIN") and a yellow crystalline flavon, are isolated from leaves of Clematis brachura Maxim. Clamatisin : A colorless needle crystal which has a Slightly sweet taste, mp 225 .deg.C (decomp). It is positive (Cherry red) for the Mg-HCl(Hg) reaction and is positive (purple) for the $FeCL_{3}$ reagent. It is soluble easily in methanol, ether, acetone, prydine, ethylacetate, hot water and alkali-solutions. It is soluble slightly in cold water and is insoluble in chloroform, benzene and toluence. According to the results of elementry analysis and molecular weight determination the formula of clematisin agrees with $C_{18}H_{18}O_{7}$ when dried at $80^{\circ}C$, crystalline clematisin (from water) contains one molecule of crystalline water. The following derivatives are prepared ; Clematisin-oxim; a colorless needle crystal, mp 215-216 .deg.C, Clematisin methylate; prepared by diazomethan. mp 191-$192^{\circ}C$ a colorless needle crystal. Acethylmethylate; a colorless powder, It is not sharp in melting point and melts at approximately $215^{\circ}C$, Yellow Crystalline Flavon; mp 285-$286^{\circ}C$ (dexo-mp.), yellow needle crystal. It has a slightly sweet teste and shows positive reaction Acetate; a colorless needle crystal, mp $168^{\circ}C$.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.689-693
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• 2005

Different masking materials were evaluated for their ability to ameliorate odor of model poultry manure solution by assessing their effects on sensory pleasantness and odor intensity. Results indicated extracts from Eastern red cedar leaves, Loblolly pine needles', and commercial masking agents such as pine extract and odor neutralizer were effective (p<0.05) for masking odor of model poultry manure solution by increasing (p<0.05) pleasantness (82 and 86% increases in pleasantness using red cedar and pine needle extracts, respectively) and decreasing (p<0.05) odor intensity (odor intensity reduction by 66 and 76% using red cedar pine needle extract). The most odor-active compound in Loblolly pine needle extract was ${\alpha}$-terpineol (1,573.8 ug/g) which is responsible for aroma of pine trees (piney) and effective for ameliorating agricultural odors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 1978

The aims of this study was to elucidate the correlation between cotyledon numbers and seedling growth and some other traits of Pinus koraiensis. The results are summurized as follows; 1. A highly significant correlations between numbers of coty ledons and juvenile needles was found but no significances between cotyledon numbers and juvenile needle length, width and stomata row numbers. 2. The accessory resin canals did not begin to appear before June but began to appear only small numbers of seedling after July. It was observed that the number of accessory resin canals of juvenile leaves at various growing stages were not related with the number of cotyledons. 3. In the case of adult leaves, there was a significant difference in the number of leaves and the number of cotyledons, but no significant difference between the number of cotyledons and needle length, needle width and stomata row. 4. There were significant differences in the number of cotyledons and top height growth, and root caliper growth among individuals and due to ages. 5. Seedlings with more than 12 cotyledons showed better growth than those with 9 to 11 cotyledons.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2009

Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.), a five-needle pine, has recently been suffering pine wilt disease caused by non-native pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Three-year-old Korean pine seedlings were inoculated with 10,000 pathogenic nematodes in a greenhouse to investigate disease development, water content and the density of nematodes in stems. Needle dehydration, xylem drying and pith browning started 20 days after inoculation (DAI). There were significant differences between seedlings inoculated with nematodes and control seedlings in the relative water content of stems and leaves at 20 and 30 DAI. At 60 DAI, all remaining seedlings inoculated with nematodes had died, but control seedlings all remained alive. The average number of nematodes recovered from stems of Korean pine dramatically increased from 10 to 20 DAI, and then decreased at the end of the experiment at 60 days. This study suggests that the relative water content of stems and leaves in current-year branches could be used as a useful physiological indicator for early diagnosis of pine wilt disease.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2012

Fungal endophytes are microfungi that live in plants without causing apparent symptoms of infection. This study was conducted to identify endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of coniferous trees in Bohyeon Mountain of Korea. We collected leaves of two species of coniferous trees, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis, from 11 sites in the study area. A total 58 isolates were obtained and identified using molecular and morphological characteristics. Four species of endophytic fungi were isolated from P. densiflora: Lophodermium conigenum, Leotiomycetes sp., Septoria pini-thunbergii, and Polyporales sp., while two fungal species were isolated from P. koraiensis: Eurotiomycetes sp. and Rhytismataceae sp. The most frequently isolated species were L. conigenum and S. pini-thunbergii.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.1 s.88
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

Results for the concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs) and the PCB profile with different types of leaves from four coniferous trees (pine needles) at the same sampling site are presented. Concentrations of total PCBs detected in pine needles were very similar among them regardless of their different types of leaves, which means a possibility for bio-monitoring regional contamination of PCBs. Correlation coefficients(r) of PCB congeners between pine needles were very significant (r>0.97, p<0.001), which showed that PCB congener's patterns of each pine needle were similar. Profiles of PCBs detected in pine needles showed correlation with gaseous phase PCBs in air, otherwise not with particle phase PCBs in air. Therefore, it was estimated that dry gaseous deposition was a principal pathway of PCBs accumulation in pine needles. In addition, although we analyse a different types of leaves in pine needles at the same region, they can be used to identify regional contamination patterns of PCBs for larger regions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine litter fall, litter decomposition, and a short-term nutrient (C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) status for one year at various levels of basal area (21.4, 27.0, 30.8, 37.0, 42.1, and 46.7 m² ha^-1) in approximately 40-yearold red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stands in the Hwangmaesan mountain forest in Korea. Monthly fluxes of litter fall components such as needles, broad leaves, branches, bark and total litter fall followed a similar pattern at various levels of basal area. Mean annual needle, bark and total litter fall fluxes were positively correlated with increased basal area (p<0.05), but the woody litter such as branches and cones was not correlated with basal area. Carbon and K concentrations of needle litter were negatively correlated with increased basal area, while nutrient (C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) fluxes were positively correlated with the basal area treatments. Remaining mass, N and P concentration and remaining N and P stocks in decomposing needle litter were not affected by the basal area. However, the concentration and stocks remaining of K, Ca, and Mg from decomposing litter were positively correlated with increased basal area during the initial three months of decomposition. The results indicate that basal area has an impact on nutrient cycles through change in litter fall and litter decomposition processes; thus, the dynamics of nutrient cycles based on a stand scale could differ considerably with different levels of basal area in red pine stands.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various leaf powders on chocolate by analyzing quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and sensory characteristics. Methods: Pine needles, mulberry leaves, ramie leaves, barley leaves, and squash leaves were freeze-dried, powdered, and added to the chocolate. Results: Water contents of all leaf powder-added groups were significantly higher than that of the control (15.78%). The pH values of chocolate with leaf powder were lower than that of the control (6.33) while that of mulberry leaf chocolate (6.56) was higher than that of the control. In color measurement, L-value, a-value, and b-value were highest in pine needle chocolate (30.31, 3.52, and 4.78, respectively). The ${\Delta}E$ value (total color difference compared to white board) was the highest in squash leaf chocolate (69.51) and significantly different from that of the control (67.69). The hardness of leaf powder-added chocolate was lower than that of the control (6.84 N), except for pine needles. In the antioxidant activity analysis, chocolate with pine needles and squash leaves had higher polyphenols, flavonoids, and ABTS radical scavenging antioxidant activity than those of the control. Overall consumer acceptability was the most preferred in the control compared to the other groups. However, chocolate with mulberry and barley leaves also received high scores (5.60 and 5.40, respectively) for overall acceptability. Conclusion: It can be concluded that chocolate with barley leaves is desirable for making functional chocolate due to its high consumer preference and positive effects on improving antioxidant activities.