• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1061-1070
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• 2004

Chronic oral aphthae, recurrent ulcer and uveitis are the three main festations of Behcet's disease(BD). The aetiopathogenesis of Behcet's disease is still obscure, but herpes simplex virus is one of the possible casual factors. Gamchosasim-tang (Gancaoxiexin-tang), Banhasasim-tang(Banxiaxiexin-tang) and Saenggangsasim-tang( Shengjiangxiexin-tang) are traditional medication in Oriental medicine, that has been used to treat inflammatory disease. Especially, Gamchosasim-tang used to treat Behcet's disease like symptoms. ICR mice were used for this study. The earlobe of the mice were scratched with a needle, then inoculation with 1.0×10/sup 6/ plaque forming units/㎖ of HSV type I. Virus inoculation was performed twice with 10 day interval, followed by 16 weeks of observation. Using the HSV-induced Behcet's disease mouse model, kinds of Sasim-tang were administered variously before and after inoculation. In order to. classify the symptomatic mice as having Behcet's disease like symptoms. We followed the revised Japanese classification with minor modifications. Ulceration of the mice were monitored. In addition, spleen cytokine expression were measured by polymerase chain reaction, ELISA. HSV DNA was detected in HSV inoculation mice. HSV-induced mice treated with kinds of Sasim-tang showed improvement in symptom. In RT-PCR results, IFN-γ was expressed for all groups, IL-2 was expressed for the treated groups, and IL-10 was also expressed. IL-4 was expressed nothing. In ELISA, IL-2 was increased for GSST 2, BSST 2, GSST 2, GSST3 and INF-γ was increased for GSST 2, BSST 2, SSST 2, SSST 3. This model suggest the possible role of immune response to viral infection in the development and activation of Behcet's disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05e
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• pp.61-64
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• 2003

In the response to an increasing demand for electrical energy, much effort aimed to develop and commercialise HTS power equipments is going on around the world. For the development, it is necessary to establish the dielectric technology in $LN_2$. Hence many types of dielectric tests should be carried out to understand the dielectric phenomena at cryogenic temperature and to gather various dielectric data. Among the many types dielectric tests, the barrier effect were conducted with the simulated electrode after analysing the insulating configuration of the pancake coil type HTS transformer. The influence of a barrier on the dielectric strength was measured according to the size and the position of the barrier. It was shown that the effectiveness, the ratio of the breakdown voltage in presence of barrier to the voltage without barrier, is highest when the barrier is placed at the needle electrode side. And the barrier effect was not depend on the electrode array. The life time to breakdown with decreasing the applied voltage was increased remarkably having wide error band but the shape parameter in Weibull distribution was almost constant.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2001

Background: Sympathetic blocks with local anesthetics are used to differentiate sympathetically- maintained pain (SMP) from sympathetically-independent pain (SIP). However, systemic lidocaine is also used in the management of neuropathic pain. Therefore, there may be possibility of a false positive response in relieving their pain by systemic absorption of lidocaine following a diagnostic sympathetic block in patients with SIP. In this study, we measured the plasma lidocaine concentrations after a stellate ganglion block (SGB) using three volumes of 1% lidocaine. Methods: This prospective, crossover study was performed in 3 patients who experience sudden hearing loss and in 4 volunteers. Each person received SGB three times using three different volumes (6 ml, 12 ml and 16 ml) of 1% lidocaine at one week intervals. SGB was performed using a 23 G butterfly needle via a paratracheal approach by two persons. Two ml of venous blood was obtained from a prepared contra-lateral sided venous route at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20 and 60 min after SGB. Plasma lidocaine level was analyzed by immunoassay. Results: Mean plasma lidocaine concentrations correlated well with the volumes of 1% lidocaine used in SGB; larger volumes showed higher concentrations (P < 0.01). Mean peak plasma concentrations were $1.08{\pm}0.18$ in 6 ml, $1.90{\pm}0.47$ in the 12 ml and $2.74{\pm}0.67{\mu}g/ml$ in the 16 ml groups (P < 0.01). The mean time to reach peak plasma concentration was not significantly different between the three groups. Conclusions: The peak plasma lidocaine concentrations in SGB using large volume were found to be similar to that of IV lidocaine infusion in the management of neuropathic pain. These data suggest that diagnostic sympathetic block may result in many false positive responses for SMP. Part of its effect may be related to systemic local anesthetic absorption and not to a sympathetic block. Therefore, physicians may be required to use optimal volumes and minimal concentration of local anesthetic in diagnostic sympathetic block procedures and also make a careful assessment of the performance of a permanent sympathetic block.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to understand histochemical and ultrastructural changes by acupuncture stimulation at the acupoint of the Zusanli (St. 36) in the rat. A lot of mast cells are observed in the peripheral of the hole with a sparrow-pecking and twistin -needle manipulation to the acupoint Zusanli for induction of 'Qi'. These cells contained a lot of granules with varied electron density and exocytosis granules were observed near the mast cell. H-bands of the muscle fiber that situated near the hole were shortened. It is assumed that these muscles are contracted by acupuncture stimulation. These results imply that functional relationship between mast cells in the dermis and Qi-sensation induced by acupuncture plays an important role on the specific receptor response to the mechanical stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.401-412
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare the anesthetic effects of intravenous tiletamine-zolazepam(TZ, 7mg/kg TZ), tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine(TZX, 7mg/kg TZ and 1.1mg/kg X) and ketamine-xylazine(KX, 10mg/kg K and 1.1mg/kg X). Fifteen mixed-breed healthy dogs($3.5{\pm}1.0kg$) were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups(TZ, TZX, KX) with 5 dogs in each group. The mean surgical anesthesia time was $25.6{\pm}4.2$, $62.6{\pm}6.2$ and $21.0{\pm}3.7$ min in TZ-, TZX- and KX-anesthetized dogs, respectively. The duration of the loss of response to toe-web needle prick and to visceral pain was significantly increased in the TZX group with $40.0{\pm}15.8$ min and $44.0{\pm}5.5$ min, respectively(p<0.01). Heart rate decreased significantly below baseline in TZX and KX groups(p<0.05, p<0.01) whereas it increased above baseline in TZ group. Respiratory rate remained unchanged or increased above baseline in TZ group, but decreased significantly from 10 to 30 min in TZX(p<0.01, p<0.05) and at 10 min in KX group(p<0.05). Body temperature decreased significantly below baseline in all three groups(p<0.01, p<0.05). Hematologic(PCV, RBC, WBC) and serum chemistry values(GOT, GPT, BUN, creatinine, total protein, glucose) were monitored before anesthesia, after recovery from anesthesia and 1, 3 and 7 days postanesthesia. All hematologic values remained generally within normal ranges, and GOT, GPT, BUN, creatinine and total protein values were within normal ranges during the period. Glucose values for TZX and KX groups increased greatly after recovery from anesthesia. We conclude that tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine provides effective surgical anesthesia in dogs and in many cases may be preferable to conventional ketamine-xylazine regimen.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.250-253
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• 2002

This research was conducted to develop a simple and effective method for pathogenicity assay of the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit. The developed method is a modified version of syringe-infiltration method that is used in the assay fer the hypersensitive response assay. Bacterial cell suspensions in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer(pH 7.5) were infiltrated using a plastic syringe with 25G needle into primary leaves of five-year-old kiwifruit. Typical symptoms of bacterial canker were observed five days after infiltration. Symptoms developed on the leaves were detected in these inocula that treated above 10$^4$cfu/ml or above. Using this technique, host range of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and three other plant pathogenic pseudomonads were investigated for 25 different plant species. The various symptoms were showed depend-ing on different plant species and inoculated pathogen combinations. This method has the advantage that symptoms can be showed faster compared to other methods and high humid conditions are not required.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1668-1670
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• 2002

Since more than two decades, the conventional PD detecting systems have been employed in order to detect the partial discharges occurring inside the HV power apparatus for their diagnosis by use of different type of detection such as acoustic and UHF detection method. Regardless of their wide on-site application, a certain number of technical inconveniences have been disclosed as follows : multistage amplification. large volume, susceptible to external noise and high price. In this respect, the optical measurement techniques are widely proposed in these days in this concerned field ascribed to the following advantages : immune to external EMI noise and broad band response of the Pockels cell covering from DC to GHz. However, the reliability of several proposed techniques enabling to measure the electric field inside the large high power apparatus has not yet been well approved In this work, an optical measuring system, based on the Pockels effect, has been developed for measuring the field variation due to the corona discharges occurring in air and in oil. This system consists of He-Ne laser, single mode optical fiber, multi mode optical fiber, polarizing film, Y-cut LiNbO3 cell, photo detector, digital oscilloscope and personal computer with GPIB. For this purpose, optical probe has been specially designed and realized and put into the needle-plane electrode. Afterward, same measurement is carried out in oil. We demonstrate the characteristic of the optical measuring system and the measurement results.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.741-749
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• 2012

Objectives : High school students to measure fear of dental treatment, dental health care workers according to the level of reliability of this study is to determine the extent of terror was carried out. Methods : Located in Gwangju, 165 high school students were surveyed. SPSS windows ver. 11.0 by demographic characteristics and oral health characteristics of the frequency and percentage, and dental health care workers about the reliability of the Chi-square test, the general characteristics and oral health characteristics by dental fear of the t-test and one way ANOVA and were factors associated with dental fear of the stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. General characteristics, except Cronbach-${\alpha}$ coefficient was 0.911. Results : According the general fear of Dental Treatment Fear Factor item 4, you'll feel the highest fear when you feel the muscle tension and the needle pricks your skin. The reliability of dental health care workers if the dentist lower the higher the grade, subjective oral health status is considered more reliable health was higher, the stronger the reliability of pain was significantly lower (p<0.05). Other care coordination include the reliability of sources of interest in subjective oral health history, no past experience in treating pain and increase the number of reliability was low (p<0.05), past experience and increase the number of pain during treatment the stronger the fear of more pain showed an increase (p<0.05). Conclusion : According the related factors about the fear of dental treatment, stimulus-response and fear of dental office have increased, the fear of dental treatment increase.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.359-367
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propofol on cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in seven dogs. Propofol infusion was accomplished from low concentration to high concentration in series, and each concentration was infused for 20 minutes (M0: 0, M0.5: 0.5, M1.0:1.0, and M1.5: 1.5 mg/kg/min of infusion rate). EEG was recorded via needle electrode placed at Cz, which was applied to International 10-20 system. Arterial blood pressure. blood gas analysis and ECG were also measured. Hoemodynamics, Pa$CO_2$, PaO$_2$, heart rate and respiratory rate were variable, but were net significant(p>0.05). The power spectra of EEG in every concentration was compared wish those of control (MO). The powers at a1l frequencies at M1.0 and Ml.5 were decreased. Especially, the powers of the frequencies over 20 Hz were significantly decreased (p<0.O5). Powers at frequencies between 8 and 15Hz at MO.S were significantly increased (p<0.05) in response to the painful stimuli. It was inferred that they may reflect activity of the brain which is consciously processing the external Stimuli. Like the Power spectra, al1 the band powers of He EEG ($\delta$ 1-4, $\theta$4-8, $\alpha$ 8-13, $\beta$L13-21. $\beta$H 21-30, \ulcorner 30-50, and total 1-5OHz) were decreased in proportion to the increase of infusion rate at M1 .0 and M1.5. Especially, decrease of $\beta$H and ${\gamma}$ were significant(p<0.01). At M0.5, $\alpha$ band was significantly increased(p<0.05) among all the bands. Seizure activities which were concide with occurrence of spike wave were shown in all dogs at Ml .0 and M1.5.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.263-267
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• 2009

A 9-year-old, female, Maltese Dog(2.15 kg of body weight) was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University with cervical masses, abdominal masses and petechia. Physical examination showed masses in mandibular, prescapular, inguinal, popliteal lymph node and abdominal subcutaneous hemorrhage. This case was diagnosed as the multicentric lymphoma by physical examination, laboratory examination, radiography, ultrasonography, CT, fine needle aspiration and histopathologic examination. This dog was treated by low-budget protocol with lomustine and prednisolone. The dog show that response duration and survival time is 143days and 263 days, respectively.