• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.882-893
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• 2013

This study provides an efficient marketing strategy for the cosmetic market by analyzing the effect of consumer desire on buying motive, brand satisfaction, brand attachment, and brand loyalty. The research conducted a survey using convenience sampling for adult women (from 20 years to 60 years) who purchased cosmetic items within 6 months. A total of 463 samples were used for the final analysis. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, a confirmatory factor analysis, and a structural equation modeling analysis. Customer cosmetic consumption need had six factors: exhibition need, safety need, need to look younger and to pursue beauty, need to go along with others, eco-friendly need, and pleasure need. The buying motive had four factors: others-oriented motive, motive to keep skin healthy, economic motive, and motive to change products. The causality model showed that customer consumption need influenced buying motive, brand satisfaction, brand attachment, and brand loyalty. There were also significant effects on buying motive for brand satisfaction, brand attachment, and brand loyalty. In addition, there were indirect effects on the relationship between customer consumption need and brand loyalty. The pursuit for pleasure had a significant indirect effect on brand loyalty.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.166-173
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• 2020

The purpose of the present study was to validate the Need for Closure Scale-Short Form (NFCS-SF), which measures the need for cognitive closure. Participants completed questionnaires regarding need for cognitive closure, intolerance of uncertainty, depression, and anxiety. Of the 536 data collected between May and July 2017, data from a total of 495 participants were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and M-Plus. The results of the study are as follows. First, a 15-item selection comprised three items from each facet scale via exploratory factor analysis. Second, the NFCS-SF demonstrated good internal consistency (Study 1, Cronbach's α=.85; Study 2, Cronbach's α=.84). Third, the results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported a 5-factor model (χ2(80)=178.34, p<.001; CFI=.87, TLI=.83, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.08). Fourth, the NFCS-SF showed significant correlation with the measures of intolerance of uncertainty (r=.58, p<.01), depression (r=.16, p<.05), and anxiety (state anxiety, r=.31, p<.01; trait anxiety, r=.29, as well as the NFCS (r=.86, p<.01). Based on these findings, significance and limitations of the results as well as suggestions for further study are discussed.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.97-116
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• 2018

Individuals depend considerably on gathering information from personal social networks rather than from commercial network channels or the mass media. Most academic journals that have examined this topic concentrate on online users' information-searching behaviours; however, this paper discusses online users' information-providing behaviour in the online community. The aim of this study is to investigate that online users' motivation to write reviews on Facebook and how the motivations affect users' information-providing behaviour. This study focusses on Facebook members' motivations that affect their review-writing behaviour. The fundamental theory for examining this topic is Vogt and Fesenmaier's (1998) 'information need'. This study modifies Vogt and Fesenmaier's (1998) theory for virtual communities through the development of each concept's measurement items, selecting the information need of four variables: functional, hedonic, innovation, and sign need. Among the four variables, sign need is the most important factor for Facebook users in the virtual environment. Through sign need, people indicate their status, personality form, and position, which significantly affects members' review-writing behaviour on Facebook.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adolescents' need on their attitudes to aesthetic surgery and clothing. Subjects were 627 middle and high school students. In this statistical analysis, SPSS 10.0 for Windows Program was used to calculate percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Also, these data were verified by Factor analysis, t-test, One-way Anova, Duncan' multiple range, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of this research were as follows: Adolescents with higher need for achievement showed negative attitudes toward the secret and risk of aesthetic surgery. On the other hand, those with higher need for dominance and exhibition were in favor of the surgery and willing to have it despite its high cost and risk. Individuality of clothing was directly affected by need for achievement and dominance. Adolescents with higher need for achievement and dominance considered individuality as one of the most important factors. And sexual attractiveness of clothing had a positive correlation with both need for dominance and exhibition. Such a fact leaded that adolescents with higher need for dominance and exhibition considered sexual attractiveness as one of the most important factors, along with individuality. As a conclusion, adolescents' need play an important role in explaining the recently observed trends among adolescents in aesthetic surgery attitude and clothing attitude.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to identify the risk factor related to the need for operative treatment and avoid unnecessary non-operative management for intussusception in children. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patient treated for intussusception at our institution between January 2006 and January 2013. Clinical features such as gender, age, seasonal variation, symptoms and signs, treatment results were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses including a chi-square test for categorical variables and logistic regression analysis were performed. During the study period, 356 patients were treated for intussusception. 328 (92.1%) was treated successfully by the non-operative pneumoreduction, and 28 (7.9%) required operative management. On univariate analysis, risk factors which were related to the need for operative treatment were age, vomiting, bloody stool, lethargy, and symptoms duration. A logistic regression analysis in order to assess for independent predictors of operative treatment was performed. Age (<6 vs ${\geq}12$ months) (OR 4.713, 95% CI 1.198~18.539, p=0.027) and symptoms duration longer than 48 hours (OR 4.534, 95% CI 1.846~11.137, p=0.001) were significantly associated with a requirement for operative treatment. We conclude that younger age and a longer duration of symptoms (${\geq}48$ hours) are the independent risk factor related to the need for operative treatment for intussusception. Early surgical intervention or transfer to a hospital with pediatric surgical capabilities should be considered for patients with these findings.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.21-34
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• 2018

The study tests the Fama and French three-factor model by using the newly created Islamic equity style indices. Based on a dataset from May 2006 to April 2011, the three-factor model is tested based on returns of Islamic unit trust funds using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) methodology. The sample period is also divided between periods before and after the Global Financial Crisis in August 2008 to test for robustness, and the Bai and Perron (2003) multiple structural break test was used to determine the structural break in the series. The analysis shows that the Fama and French model is valid for Islamic unit trust funds before and after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. The result further indicates the reversal of size effect. As for trading strategies, value funds outperform growth funds by annualized 3.13 percent for the full period. During pre-crisis period, value funds perform better than growth funds while in post-crisis, size factor yields better return than other strategies. As policy suggestion, fund managers need to be aware of the reversal of size effect, and they need to ensure a more transparent stock selection process so that investors can make an informed decision in their asset allocation.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.92-109
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• 2003

To launch effective mobile Internet marketing strategies, firms need to understand mobile Internet user behavior. Thus in this study we investigated factors that affect on the repurchase intention of mobile Internet users. A random sample of 501 users was surveyed. Overall satisfaction (mediating factor), flow and interactivity factors (initial factor) were found to have the most significant impact on the reuse intention and discrepancy factor is not significant to the reuse intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1239-1247
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• 2002

Consumers' purchase intention related with price reduction is important factor for the successful marketing strategy of electronic commerce as a new marketing channel. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the difference of consumers' attitude(purchasability and perceived need) depending upon purchasing variables, and to investigate how consumers' attitude influence on purchase intention with price reduction in the internet shopping mal1. For research method, 400 questionnaires were distributed to subjects who were 20 to 39 years old; and among the returned questionnaires 347 were usable. Data were analyzed by t-test, regression analysis, frequency with SPSS 10.0. Results of this study were as follows: First the results showed that purchasability and Perceived need affect Purchase intention according to off-price percentage, and brand and clothing style in discount. Second, there were significant differences in purchasability, and perceived need according to off-price percentage, and brand in discounts. However, there were no significant differences in purchasability and perceived need according to clothing style in discounts.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.320-329
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among hesitation factor of questions, critical thinking disposition, and problem solving. Methods: Data were collected from 370 students at a university in D city using a structured questionnaire from April 1 to April 15, 2015. It was analyzed with frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Results: Subjects scored an average of $2.62{\pm}.52$ for hesitation factor of questions, $3.53{\pm}0.42$ for critical thinking disposition, and $3.44{\pm}0.44$ for problem solving. There were significant differences in the three variables according to satisfaction with major, self-expression, and interpersonal relationships. In addition, hesitation factor of questions exhibited a significant difference between genders. Hesitation factor of questions had a negative relationship with critical thinking disposition (r=-.23, p<.001) and with problem solving (r=-.34, p<.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between critical thinking disposition and problem solving (r=.69, p<.001). Conclusion: In order to improve critical thinking disposition and problem solving, we need to generate a lot of questions to the student's inside. We also need to develop appropriate teaching methods so that this can be expressed by the actual question coming from the control hesitation factor of questions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.543-553
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• 2015

This study analyzed that the impact of the bus use environment on users' stress in each step of bus use, from accessing to leaving to transfer, in the city of Daejeon. For this, we collected the stress data from 300 users using personal interviews at the bus stops and on-board bus. Also, we used factor analysis and structural equation model method for analysis of the impact of external and internal bus environments on stress of users. The results of this study showed that the highest stress impact factor was an onboard factor(${\beta}=.416$) including 'density and crowding', 'no seat to seat' and 'low ride comfort and safe'. The next stress impact factor was transfer factor including 'insufficient transfer information', 'lack of connectivity of bus and subway' and 'uncomfort transfer route'. From the above, we recommend that bus policies need to focus on not the supplier but users and also, this user based policy need to be more specified considering the characteristics of various users such as females, the elderly, irregular users, and so on.