• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2003

Objective : This study is performed to evaluate the clinical effect of Gigong therapy by measuring ABR-2000 on neck stiffness patients. Methods : Among the outpatients with neck stiffness who visited to Wolgot Oriental Medical Clinic from 16 to 26, June 2003, we selected 22 persons. They were divided into two groups. One group was treated with acupuncture, cupping therapy added to Gigong therapy and the other was treated with the two formers. Before and after therapy, we measured ABR-2000 from the head, two hands and two feet. We selected 11 persons without specific conditions as a control group. Results : Between the control and the Gigong therapy, there were significant difference of differences. Gigong therapy plays role in relaxing inner and outer of the body. Conclusion : This result indicated that Gigong therapy is to regulate autonomic nerve and to relax the inner and outer of the body.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide an effective method of exercise therapy for patients with cervicogenic headache. Methods : The subjects were divided into the following two groups according to the intervention received: cervical stretch exercise (n=15, control group) cervix-stabilizing exercise (n=15, experimental group) tone (Hz) and stiffness (N/m) of the suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles were measured. T1 slope angle and neck tilt angle were measured. After the exercise program intervention, a greater amount of change in muscle tone and stiffness of suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles was found in the experimental group, as compared to the control group. Greater amount of change in posture was found in the experimental group, as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Results : After the exercise program intervention, a greater amount of change in muscle tone and stiffness of suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles was found in the experimental group, as compared to the control group. Greater amount of change in posture was found in the experimental group, as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion : The neck-stabilizing exercise were shown to be effective in decreasing the tone of the cervical muscles by stabilizing the cervical bone and improving muscle activity, and in improving the posture by decreasing muscle tone and stiffness.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.758-762
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• 2007

Objectives : This study investigated the relationship between presymtoms and stroke subtype in early state of stroke patients. Methods : From Oct. 2005 to May 2007, 623 early state stroke patients were included. Patients were hospitalized within 30 days after the onset of stroke at DongGuk University International Hospital, Kyungwon University In-cheon Oriental Medical Hospital, or Kyung Hee University Oriental Hospital. We investigated general characteristics, stroke subtype, and presymtoms (facial spasm, neck stiffness). Results : Hemorrhagic stroke had more facial spasm than ischemic stroke(odds ratio 2.80). Small vessel occlusion had more neck stiffness than others(odds ratio 1.59). Conclusions : Facial spasm and neck stiffness would be valuable as stroke presymtoms.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1122-1127
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• 2017

The purpose of this case study was to identify the effects of posteroanterior (PA) mobilization on the cervical spine in a patient with chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD). The subject of this study was a 58-year-old woman who sustained a chronic WAD as a result of a motor vehicle accident two years prior. The subject has progressively worsening neck pain and stiffness. The subject was determined to have a grade IIb WAD the use of the Modified Quebec Classification. The intervention was central and unilateral PA mobilization on the spinous process of C4 and C5. The PA mobilizations were performed at the end of range to Maitland grade IV. The PA mobilization was conducted once daily for a total of eight days. Two sets of measurements were done one before and one after the intervention. Neck pain, cervical stiffness, range of motion and lordosis of the cervical spine were measured. Experimental intervention decreased the neck pain, and increased the neck stiffness and cervical ROM (range of motion) such as flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation. X-ray photographs also represented that cervical curvature increased from $35^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$. This study suggested that PA cervical mobilization applied to hronic WAD is effective in decreasing pain, increasing cervical ROM and cervical curvature.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.74 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2020

Metallic energy-dissipation dampers are widely used in structures. They are comprised of an added damping and stiffness (ADAS) device with many parallel, diamond-shaped hole plates, the neck width of which is an important parameter. However, no studies have analyzed the neck width's influence on the ADAS device's performance. This study aims to better understand that influence by conducting a pseudo-static test on ADAS, with three different neck widths, and performing finite element analysis (FEA) models. Based on the FEA results and mechanical theory, a design neck width range was proposed. The results showed that when the neck width was within the specified range, the diamond-shaped hole plate achieved an ideal yield state with minimal stress concentration, where the ADAS had an optimal energy dissipation performance and the brittle shear fracture on the neck was avoided. The theoretical values of the ADAS yield loads were in good agreement with the test values. While the theoretical value of the elastic stiffness was lower than the test value, the discrepancy could be reduced with the proposed modified coefficient.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.165-172
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the muscle tone and stiffness of neck muscles according to levels of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skill. The subjects were 30 female students in their 20s who were divided into a skilled group (n=15) and an unskilled group (n=15). According to the results, the skilled group showed statistically significant decreases in the stiffness of the lower cervical muscle and the muscle tone of the upper trapezius on the above hand side of hand grips after CPR (p<.05). The unskilled group exhibited a statistically significant difference in both the muscle tone and stiffness of the upper trapezius muscle on both sides after CPR (p<.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. In addition, the non-skilled group showed statistically significant lower values than the skilled group in the mean compression rate, total number of compressions, accuracy of chest compression, and accuracy of chest relaxation (p<.05). This study confirmed that CPR has a myophysiological effect on the neck muscles of those who perform CPR. However, it found that no differences result from individual CPR skill levels that are an important element for the accuracy of CPR.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2002

Neurologic sequelae of tuberculous meningitis include hemiparesis, paraparesis, quadriparesis, aphasia, developmental delay, dementia, blindness, visual field defect, deafness, cranial nerve palsies, epilepsy, and hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction. But cervical epidural abscess and cervical spondylitis are rare. A 64-year-old woman who was diagnosed as tuberculous meningitis presented a severe neck pain and stiffness after 3 weeks of anti-tuberculous medication. Electromyography and cervical X-ray showed a cervical spondylosis with polyradiculopathy. But cervical MRI showed an acute cervical epidural abscess and mild cervical spondylitis. After continuous anti-tuberculous medication with supportive care, she showed a slow clinical improvement. But about 1 month of anti-tuberculous therapy, she presented a more aggravation of neck pain, neck stiffness, radicular pain, and neck motion limitation. Follow-up cervical MRI showed an more advanced cervical spondylitis. Afterthen she has recovered slowly by cervical laminectomy with posterior stabilization and continuous anti-tuberculous medication.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the cause, symptom, treatment of OPLL through Western medicine and Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham(東醫寶鑑) Results & conclusins 1. Ossification of the posterior hgament(OPLL) have radiculopathy, myelopathy or both of them such as neck pain, numbness, myatonia 2. Neck pain of OPLL seems to be simular with pain in the neck(頸項痛), neck stiffness(項强), stiffness and pain of head and neck(頭項彈痛). The causes were usually Dampness and Cold, Wind. The treatments were classified according to pathoigenic factor(病因) and muscle along the regular meridian(經筋) 3. Radiculopathy of OPLL seems to be similar with numbness(痺證). The causes were usually, pathogenic Wind, Cold, Dampness. The treatments were classified according to diagnosis of three kinds of BI syndrome(三痺), five kind of Bi synrome(五痺), five jang Bi(五臟痺), six Bu Bi(六腑痺) 4. Myelopathy of OPLL seems to be simular with myatonia(痿證) The cause of myatoma was Lung scorched by Heat(肺熱葉無). And the treatment was purping the south and reinforcing the north(寫南方 補北方). We considered that more study to find various and effective methods oriental medicine for OPLL should be made.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.182-194
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• 1999

Occupant injury in rear end impact is rapidly becoming one of the most aggravating traffic safety problems with high human suffering and societal costs. Although rear end impact occurs at relatively low speed , it may cause permanent disability due to neck injuries resulting from an abrupt moment, shear force , and tension/compression force at the occipital condyles. The analysis is performed for a combined occupant-eat model response, using the SAFE(Safety Analysis for occupant crash Environment) computer program. The computational results are verified by those from sled tests. A parameter study is conducted for many physical and mechanical properties. Seat design has been performed based on the design of experiment process with respect to five parameters; seat-back upholstery stiffness, torsional stiffness of the seat-back. An orthogonal array is selected from the parameter study. A good design has been found from the analysis results based on the orthogonal array. The results show that reductions of stiffness in seat-back upholstery and joint are the most effective for preventing neck injuries.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1763-1767
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• 2019

Background: Although previous researches have developed interventions for neck problems, headache, and temporomandibular disorder in patients with forward head posture (FHP), changes in masticatory muscle tone or stiffness as FHP worsening have not been investigated. Objective: To examine changes in masticatory muscle tone and stiffness through craniovertebral angle (CVA). Design: Cross sectional study Methods: The subjects were 21 healthy males with normal head posture. Three CVA were established for posture measurement in which the bilateral anterior temporal and masseter muscles were measured during the subjects maintained a series of postures. Results: The Right masseter muscle significantly increased in stiffness with advancing FHP (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the muscle tone or stiffness of any other masticatory muscles, and no significant differences were found in bilateral masticatory muscle tone or stiffness in each measurement posture. Conclusions: This study suggests that the increased stiffness of the right masseter muscle as the FHP worsened requires consideration in physical therapy assessment and intervention.