• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.503-511
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• 2021

Objective: This study compared pain, muscle power (MP), muscle thickness (MT), and normalized position of the scapula (POS) between general physical therapy and general physical therapy with strengthening exercises of the lower trapezius in patients with rounded shoulder and chronic neck pain. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The participants were 30 patients of W hospital in Gangnamgu, Seoul, with rounded shoulders who were diagnosed with chronic neck pain. Rounded shoulder was defined as a distance between the surface and acromion of >1 inch in the supine position. The participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group completed four types of strengthening exercises program for 15 minutes, twice weekly, for a total of 5 weeks. Soft tissue mobilization (STM), cervical extension flexion rotation (CEFR), and physical modality were also performed in both groups. Results: The degree of pain was assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS), MP was measured a handheld dynamometer, MT was measured by ultrasound, and POS was measured using a tapeline. Significant between-group differences were observed in VAS, MP, MP, and POS. Significant changes were observed in the experimental group for VAS, MP, MT, and POS. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was indicated that lower trapezius strengthening exercises performed together with general physical therapy was significantly improved in pain, MP, MT, and POS in patients with rounded shoulder and chronic neck pain compared to when general physical therapy was performed alone.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.338-349
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• 2000

Neck muscle forces and spinal loads at the C4/5 level were estimated that result from isometric voluntary ramp efforts gradually developing to maximums in flexion, extension, left lateral bending and right lateral bending. Electromyographic (EMG) activities, a three-dimensional anatomic data of the neck and a hybrid model, EMG-assisted optimization (EMGAO) model, were used. The model computed the cervical loads at 25%,50%,75%, and 100% of peak moments. The highest model-predicted C4/5 joint compressive forces occurred during flexion; $361\;({\pm}164)\;N,\;811\;({\pm}288)\;N,\;1207\;({\pm}491)\;N\;and\;1674\;({\pm}319)\;N$ in 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of peak moment respectively. Variations in load distribution among the agonistic muscles and co-contractions of antagonistic muscles were estimated during ramp efforts. Results suggest that higher C4/5 joint loads than previously reported are possible during isometric, voluntary muscle contractions. These higher physiological loads at C4/5 level must be considered possible during orthopedic reconstruction at this level.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2016

Differential diagnosis of posterior neck pain is very challenging based on symptoms and physical examination only. Retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis is a rare and frequently misdiagnosed entity in various causes of neck pain. It results from calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in the longus colli muscle which is characterized by severe neck pain, painful restriction of neck movement, dysphagia, and odynophagia. We herein report a case of a patient with acute retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis, who complained of posterior neck pain, initially diagnosed and treated as a myofascial neck pain syndrome.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2015

This study aimed to determine the effect of lower trapezius muscle strengthening exercises on pain, neck disability index (NDI), cervical range of motion (ROM), and lower trapezius muscle strength in patients with unilateral neck pain. Following baseline measurements, the subjects (N=40) with unilateral neck pain were randomized into one of two 5 weeks exercise intervention groups: a experimental group (EG, $n_1=20$) that received strength training of the lower trapezius muscles or a control group (CG, $n_2=20$) that received routine physical therapy program. Each group participated in the intervention for 30 minutes, 3 times a week, for 5 weeks. All participants performed 2 repetitions of each intervention per day. The numeric pain rating scale for pain, NDI, ROM, and lower trapezius strength were recorded both pre- and post-intervention for both groups. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes post-intervention compared with pre-intervention and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in the dependent variables between the 2 groups. After the 5-weeks intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased pain and disability level (p<.05) and significantly increased cervical flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation ROM (p<.05). The EG that received strength training of the lower trapezius muscles showed greater improvements in pain and functional disability level, cervical rotation, and lower trapezius strength than the CG (p<.05). These results suggest that a lower trapezius strengthening exercises reduce neck pain and neck disability level and enhance cervical ROM and lower trapezius strength level in patients with unilateral neck pain.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.57-67
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• 2021

Background: This study examined the effects of the muscle energy technique and cervical traction after applying conservative physical therapy in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups muscle energy technique (8 subjects) and cervical traction (8 subjects). Each group performed their exercise 70 minutes per day, three times week for four weeks. Pain intensity was measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Function was measured with the neck disability index (NDI). Cervical range of motion (ROM) was measured with a cervical range of motion (CROM) goniometer. Results: After four weeks of therapy, VAS (p<.05) and NDI (p<.05) significantly decreased, and ROM significantly increased in both groups (p<.05). There were also significant differences between the two groups for these three measures (p<.05). Conclusion: The muscle energy technique and cervical traction are more effective than cervical traction alone in reducing VAS and NDI and increasing ROM in patients with cervical radiculopathy.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changing plantar foot pressure and muscle activation of neck, lumbar and low limb by different way of the using carrier during walking. Twenty healthy and young females who brought up infants and had no musculoskeletal disorders of neck, lumbar and low limb were instructed to perform plantar foot pressure and muscle activation of neck, lumbar and low limb during different ways of the using the carrier and walking. Plantar foot pressures were recorded by RS-scan system(RS scan Ltd, German), muscle activation were recorded by ProComp infinitiTM(Thought Technology Ltd, Canada). The data collected by each way of the using carrier and One-way ANOVA was used to analyze. The results indicated that there was a significant increase on erector spinae muscle activation and pressure of great toe zone by using anterior carrier and there was a increase on activation of paraspinal muscle and metatarsal zone by using posterior carrier. Therefore, the way of using carrier could be influenced upon structure and function of the foot and muscle activation.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics in duration and amplitude of the submental muscle activities during dry and wet swallowing. We examined the middle suprahyoid muscle activities in 32 normal adult women during three swallowing conditions, that is, dry as well as 5 mL & 10 mL water swallowings, using a surface EMG. From the results, there were significant differences in duration: the longest in dry swallowing and shortest in 5 mL water swallowing. However, the mean amplitude per msec increased as the duration decreased. This may imply motor equivalence in swallowing stating that duration and amplitude are complementary in order to achieve a given swallowing goal.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.294-308
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• 2000

This study was conducted to test the effect of brisk walking & muscle strengthening exercise program on bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar & femur in rheumatoid arthritis women. Research design was a quasi-experimental study of non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design(16 weeks). 14 for the experimental group and 14 for the control group were selected from the outpatients on rheumatoid arthritis clinic of Dong-A University Hospital. The experimental group underwent 16 weeks of brisk walking and muscle strengthening exercise. Bone mineral density was measured before and after 16 weeks of exercise by DXA at lumbar spine, femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter. The results were summarized as follows : 1. BMD of the lumbar spine in experimental group who carried out the brisk walking and muscle strengthening exercise was not significantly increased after 16weeks and there was no significant difference between experimental and control group(U=70.00 p>.05). 2. BMD of the femoral neck in the experimental group who carried out the brisk walking and muscle strengthening exercises was significantly increased after 16 weeks(Z=-2.901 p<.01). But, there was no significant difference between experimental and control group(U=83.00 p>.05). 3. BMD of the femoral Ward's triangle in the experimental group who carried out the brisk walking and muscle strengthening exercises was significantly increased after 16 weeks (Z=-2.355 p<.05). But, there was no significant difference between experimental and control group(U=86.00 p>.05). 4. BMD of the femoral trochanter in experimental group who carried out the brisk walking and muscle strengthening exercise was not significantly increased after 16weeks and there was no significant difference between experimental and control group(U=75.00 p>.05). These results suggest that brisk walking and muscle strengthening exercise program has an effect on promoting bone mineral density of femoral neck and Ward's triangle in rheumatoid arthritis women.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.210-210
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• 1998

Vocal fold vibration is essentially the propagation of a mucosal wave, starting from the lower surface of the vocal fold. The mucosal upheaval (MU), where the mucosal wave starts and propagates upward, appears only when the vocal fold vibrates. We investigated the location of the mucosal upheaval in response In variations in vocal fold tension. Vibrations were elicited under three conditions: during bilateral thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle contraction, without TA muscle contraction and during vocal fold lengthening. TA muscle contraction was obtained by direct electrical stimulation of the muscle. The vocal fold was lengthened by cricothyroid (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.195-196
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• 2008