• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the optimal knee joint angle and hip joint angle for minimizing the cervical muscle tension and maximizing the muscle activity of the trunk during the bridging exercise for trunk stabilization. METHODS: The bridging exercise in this study included seven forms of exercise: having a knee joint flexion angle of $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and hip joint abduction angle of $15^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$. The posture of the bridging exercise was as follows. To prevent the increase of hyper lumbar lordosis during the bridging exercise, the exercise was practiced after maintaining the lumbar neutral position through the pelvic posterior tilting exercise. RESULTS: The abduction angles did not result in statistically significant effects on the cervical erector, external oblique, rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles. However, in relation to the knee joint angles, during the bridging exercise, statistically significant results were exhibited. CONCLUSION: The knee joint angle affected the muscle activity of the neck muscle. The greater the knee joint angle, the lower the load placed on the neck muscle. In contrast, the load increased as the knee joint angle decreased. In addition, the muscle activity of the neck muscle and trunk muscle increased as the knee joint angle decreased.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1051-1055
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the screen size of smart devices on the bending angle of the cervical spine. The subjects of this study were 30 healthy adults(15 men and 15 women) who used smartphones and tablet PC(personal computer). The changes in the bending angle of the upper and lower cervical spine were measured in the subjects after they had used a smartphone and a tablet PC for 300 seconds each. To make sure that all subjects began in the same starting position, an angle-measuring instrument was used to set the angles of the ankle, knee, hip, and arm joints to 90 degree. The subjects were asked to keep the trunk straight. They were asked to hold a smartphone in their hand and to bend their neck so that they could look down at the screen. Once they began using the smartphone in this manner, they were free to change their posture. We used a paired t-test to compare the bending angle of the cervical spine on subjects who used smartphones and tablet PC in the long-term and short-term there production error of cervical and the significance level was cervical. The results showed that, when using a smartphone and a tablet PC for 300 seconds, there was no significant difference in the bending angle of the upper cervical spine(p>.05), although there was a significant difference in the bending angle of the lower cervical spine(p<.05).

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2004

Objectives : To investigate and compare the curvature of the cervical spine of the patients with whiplash and insidious onset neck pain. Method : Clinical study carried out in 33 insidious onset neck pain outpatients and 34 whiplash onset neck pain inpatients in Conmaul Oriental Hospital. Cervical spine curvature was measured using five measuring Methods. Type of cervical spine curvature was analyzed by Jochumsen method. Ishihara Index. T-test was used to compare the cervical spine angle of the two groups. Results : The prevalence of 'straight' and 'kyphotic' cervical spines was 46.5% in the insidious onset cases and 26.47% in the whiplash onset cases. In Jackson's angle, Jochumsen method, Ishihara Index, and Park's method, angle of the Cervical spine curvature was significantly lower in the insidious onset cases. (P<0.01) Conclusion : The results suggest that the cervical spine of neck pain patients is 'straight' and 'kyphotic' and more significant in insidious onset cases.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2001

Morphological characteristics of the asymmetric mandible in 135 adult male patients were investigated. Panoramic X-ray images were recorded. Age, ramus height, antegonial notch height, condylar height, coronoid process height, ramus body height and condylar neck angle were calculated and measured. Statistical analysis of unpaired two-tailed t-test and correlation coefficients was performed to find the morphologic differences between short ramus height side and the other. Condylar height and ramus body height in short ramus height side were smaller than those of the other side. Antegonial notch height, coronoid process height, condylar neck angle showed no differences. Condylar neck height was correlated with condylar neck angle.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of using smartphones for tele-rehabilitation on head position and neck dysfunction in workers with visual display terminal (VDT) syndromes over a four-week period. Methods: Sixteen VDT workers volunteered to participate in stretch exercise and posture education sessions. The subjects were divided into three groups as follows: five subjects in the visit group (VSG), six subjects in the video group (VEG), and five subjects in tele-rehabilitation group (TG). The subjects in all the groups performed the exercises three days per week for four weeks. Cranial rotation angle (CRA), craniovertebral angle (CVA) measurement, and neck disability index (NDI) tests were performed before and four weeks after the intervention. Results: No significant difference in the CRA and CVA variables was found among groups. No significant difference in the CRA variable was found within each group. A significant difference in the CRA variable was found in the VSG after the four-week intervention. No significant difference in NDI was found among the groups. The NDIs among all the groups were significantly decreased after the intervention when compared with the NDIs measured before the intervention. Conclusion: The use of smartphones in the tele-rehabilitation of VDT workers with neck pain was found to be as effective on neck function as the conventional intervention method. The tele-rehabilitation of VDT workers with neck dysfunctions may be presented as an alternative way.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of morphological Change of cervical spine to apply to neck retraction and extension regarding the straight deformity of cervical spine. Methods: A 40-year male subject with straight deformity of cervical spine participated in this study. The study subject underwent a cervical lateral radiography on the static position, neck retraction and neck extension on standing. Measurement method were using computer-based digital radiogram on a picture achieving computer system forthe centroid method, Cobb's angle and Jackson's angle. Results: Neck retraction was increased kyphosis on the C2-4 with lordosis on the C5-7. Neck extension was increased lordosis on the C2-7. Conclusions: These findings suggest that neck retraction was increased kyphosis and neck extension was increased lordosis based on the straight deformity of cervical spine. Therefore, we should be consider that neck extension exercise when increased lordosis for the patients of straight deformity of cervical spine.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.668-680
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• 2000

The study presents the general types and individual differences of the shape of the adult women's neck and shoulder in our country. It is based on the average value, the standard deviation, the maximum value, the standard deviation, the maximum value, the minimum value and c.v. measured from the women at the age of 19 through 64. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The factors by factor analysis are five. The first is the size factors of the neck and shoulder. The second is shape factor of neck. The third is plane view and length factor of the neck. The fourth is the side view factor of the neck and shoulder. The fifth is the shape factor of shoulder. Therefore the shape of the neck and shoulder should be examined in the shape factors as well as in the size factors as well as in the size factors for the designing body-suitable clothes. 2. The factors of the concrete objects are the solid view of neck and shoulder, the cross-sectional view of neck line, side view of neck and shoulder and length of neck. The explainable measuring items for the factors are the difference of the length between lower neck round line and the 4㎝ above neck round line, the length of neck, the angle of inclination between fore neck and back neck, the angle of inclination of the side shoulder, the difference of the height between fore neck point and back neck point, the width of shoulder, the width of chest and the width of back. 3. The concrete objects of the neck and shoulder have five types ; Type Ⅰ is average type, Type Ⅱ is thick short neck and the drooping shoulder type, Type Ⅲ I is slender long neck and lean-back shoulder type, Type Ⅳ is thick and rising shoulder type and Type Ⅴ is slender and drooping shoulder type.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

Poor posture of the neck and head long been recognized as a factor contributing to the onset and perpetuation of pain in the head and neck region. The purposes of the study were to evaluate the changes in forward head posture and pressure pain threshold in tension type headache group and control group. Forward head posture were measured to craniovertebral angle and cranial rotation angle. Craniovertebral angle was smaller in tension type headache group(p<0.05), and cranial rotation angle was larger in tension type headache group(p<0.05). Pressure pain threshold was similar between tension type headache group and control group with the exception of right suboccipitalis and left temporalis(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.541-547
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study is to find the influence on muscle fatigue by changing an angle of neck while Shaker exercise. Background: Shaker exercise is commonly applied to dysphagia patients for strengthen suprahyoid muscle(SHM) and relaxing upper esophageal sphincter. Method: Experiments were conducted by measuring muscle fatigue with surface electromyography(SEMG) in case of neck $15^{\circ}$ and $50^{\circ}$ flexion, in addition to original method. For the study 30 undergraduate students were participated as subjects. Muscle fatigue was measured with variations of median frequency(MF) and median frequency slope(MFS) by attaching SEMG to 3 muscles. At the same time, perceived exertion was measured by using Borg's rating of perceived exertion(RPE). Results: A MF was increased when low angle in SHM, both male and female. It means that muscle fatigue was significantly decreased(p<.05). RPE was significantly increased when low angle(p<.01). Perceived exertion explained 15.2% of the variation of MF in SHM. And regression equation was, MF in SHM = 59.918 + (4,910 * RPE). Conclusion: The outcome shows that it is possible to use the efficient method which makes muscle fatigue decrease by reducing the angle of neck flexion. Application: The results might contribute to develop the effective Shaker exercise method.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether postoperative cystography findings can predict early and longterm recovery from incontinence after radical prostatectomy (RP), compared with the other cystography parameters. Methods: I retrospectively reviewed 118 patients who underwent robot-assisted RP (RARP) for localized prostate cancer at single institution between January 2016 and April 2021. One hundred and seven patients were included in the study. Postoperative cystography was routinely performed 7 days after surgery. The bladder neck to pubic symphysis ratio, vesicourethral angle, and bladder neck anteroposterior length (BNAP) ratio (the bladder neck-posterior margin distances divided by the anteroposterior lengths) were evaluated. Continence was defined as cessation of pad use. The association between these variables and urinary incontinence was also analyzed. Results: The urinary incontinence recovery rates 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after RARP were 43.92%, 66.35%, 87.85%, and 97.19%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a lower BNAP ratio and wider vesicourethral angle were significantly associated with continence restoration at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. In addition, in terms of days of pad usage, lower BNAP ratio, wider vesicourethral angle, and bladder neck preservation were significantly associated with recovery from urinary incontinence within 12 months as assessed by Cox proportional hazard analysis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that vesicourethral angle and BNAP ratio were independent predictors of early recovery from post-prostatectomy incontinence. I suggest that both the sagittal and coronal views of postoperative cystography help anticipate early continence restoration after RARP.