• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.795-806
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• 1996

A structure which transmits and receives 3 subscribers packet data through an optical splitter node in an optical subscriber network of PON wave suggested and realized. All the functions which are necessary to use PON structure such as 155.52Mb/s multiplexer/demultiplexer of down-stream signal, 25.92Mb/s multiplexer/demultiplexer of up-stream signal, frame synchronizer, and phase aligner for aligning phase of the clock and received data have been integrated within 2 ICs using CMOS technonology. TDMAtechnology was suggested for up-stream transmission. In the optical up-stream transmission of the urst signals transmissionquality degradataion by APC and AGC of optical tranceiver was observed. By compensating the degradation, more than 17dB of link budget which is enough to satisfy 11.2dBthat is required in SWAN of PON architecture has been obtained with optical transceiver whose power and sensitivity are -17dBm and -34dBm respectively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.130-136
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• 2016

In this study, the budget investment state of the technology classification structure in a fire-fighting and safety research development program and the capability of a fire-fighting safety research program were analyzed between 2007 and 2013 with support from the ministry of public safety. The Ministry of public safety and security's fire safety research funding has shown a gradual increasing tendency. More 80% of the budget was invested in fire safety and disaster response technologies and the fire safety and special disaster prevention response technology of R&D. From the results of analyzing the capacity of fire-fighting safety and rescue safety, it was found to have a moderate level of 3.5 on a 7 point scale basis. To develop the Ministry of Public Safety and Security's fire safety research in the future, the flexibility and reasonableness of the budget/legal/institutional framework and support should be ensured to improve the operational capability of resources. In addition, a proliferation program is necessary for the commercialization and industrialization of research results.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.129-137
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of budget utilization of science and technology by the Chinese autonomous province and to present the direction of improvement. Data were obtained from the 2013-2017 statistical yearbook of higher education published by the Ministry of Education of China, and efficiency was analyzed using the malmquist analysis method. The analysis found that the low technological progress caused changes in the productivity MPI index, and that cities affected by technological efficiency needed to improve internal factors such as internal coordination and restructuring of universities in the region to increase efficiency. And it was found that areas affected by technological change needed proper response to external factors such as government policy, economic environment, social environment or technological development. This study is meaningful in that it presented reference data in enhancing efficiency of budget utilization of science and technology by autonomy of China, and it is necessary to establish strategies and study essential factors to increase efficiency of inefficient areas in the future.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2019

The disaster and safety R&D budget has continued to increase since 2008, but the fire safety R&D budget is a small part. Therefore, successful outcomes that could lead to the economic growth of the fire safety industry have not been achieved. This paper suggests a fire safety R&D budget expansion, reinforcement of R&D capacity, and performance growing plan by analyzing the factors that affect the performance of a fire safety R&D project. Empirical analysis was performed through one-way ANOVA and regression analysis using the statistical program, SPSS statistics 21.0. As a result, this study suggests that the continuous expansion of R&D funds and the securing of excellent trained research manpower will be necessary to obtain qualitatively superior patents and papers.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.171-178
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• 2019

The disaster and safety R&D budget has continued to increase since 2008, but the fire safety R&D budget is a small part. Therefore, successful outcomes that could lead to the economic growth of the fire safety industry have not been achieved. This paper suggests a fire safety R&D budget expansion, reinforcement of R&D capacity, and performance growing plan by analyzing the factors that affect the performance of a fire safety R&D project. Empirical analysis was performed through one-way ANOVA and regression analysis using the statistical program, SPSS statistics 21.0. As a result, this study suggests that the continuous expansion of R&D funds and the securing of excellent trained research manpower will be necessary to obtain qualitatively superior patents and papers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.285-294
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• 2012

Current urban stream conditions and their restoration projects were investigated by surveying the urban stream management experts in 29 cities with high population density (more than 1,000person/$km^{2}$). The survey results showed that the ratio of covered urban streams decreased by 1.4% (from 14% to 12.6%) in the last 5 years through steady river restoration projects promoted by governments. Nonetheless, 36.3% of 369 urban streams surveyed still report stream depletion problems; therefore, more efforts to alleviate the problems caused by distorted water circulation of urban streams are still necessary. Water depletion in many local urban streams, unlike national rivers, is accelerated due to negligence in stream management, budget shortage, and other reasons. To prevent stream depletion, the use of reclaimed water is suggested as one of the prevention plans. When available amounts of reused sewage are estimated through actual available nationwide sewage discharges of each watershed and instream flow of stream, annual instream flow supply of 780 million $m^{3}$ is expected; 4.8% reduction in the pollution load of public sewer treatment facilities is expected; and the creation of new value through water reuse service is expected. Thus, it is important for the reviews of feasibility and alternatives of water reuse projects for flow augmentation to consider not only investment budget reductions, but also environmental aspects. Also it is necessary to provide the financial support of unified government with strict water quality management policy.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.499-531
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• 2008

Rural Traditional Theme Villages are one of the village-based businesses, which obtains excellent results. However, it also has brought negative results such as splits in locals due to income disparity, and ill-advised development which does not consider surrounding potential resources, etc. So, this study analyzes several problems of Rural Traditional Theme Villages, and proposes how Rural Traditional Theme Villages can be revitalized by benchmarking other successful cases. First, it is important to pursue differentiation of operating programs for Rural Traditional Theme Villages. Second, it is possible to give weight to elements which show efficiently rural atmosphere to enhance images of Rural Traditional Theme Villages. Third, expanding budget support and securing a new route for budget are definitely needed to cultivate self-growth capability of villages. Fourth, it is necessary to apply experts and facilities of local-based universities, cooperate with relevant organizations, and nurture local leaders by various means such as study in/visits to advanced regions at home and abroad and experts training. Localgovernment should be in charge of nurturing talented people. Fifth, it is necessary to reinvigorate rural economy by networking each Rural Traditional Theme Village, providing a wide range of information on diversified villages to people in cities, and promoting consumption. Moreover, securing immovable customers is important through networking city-rural exchange with city consumers and other organizations, and sisterhood relationship, membership businesses and events. As mentioned above, it is expected that Rural Traditional Theme Villages will be able to be developed continuously as a model for rural revitalization, which is stagnant, by expanding city-rural interchange.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to suggest a stratege of promoting school health. This study examined the historical aspacts of school health and conducted a mail questionnaire survey for 24 school health specialists who work in school and educational administration from November 1 to November 30, 2000 and the reply rate was 79.2%(19 persons). The results were as follows. The most important fields in schools were answered health related field. The most important field of school health were health education(89.5%), the supervisor of school health project should be office of school health ward in Educational administration(42.1%), and problems in conducting health project in school were lack of policy(63.5%), awareness of the importance of school health(63.2%), and budget(63.2%). They answered that the cause of food poisoning in school were negligence of sanitation of cook(42.1%) and prevention methods were thorough inspection of food stuffs(31.6%). 72.2% replied that school health project were not being operated in a proper way. They answered that tasks of promoting school health were development of school health policy, increase of man-power for school health, expansion of school health budget, systematic health education, and development of independent health subject program, connection with local society. 94.7% of those replied answered that school health organization is necessary. Common sense on health and sex education are needs to be handled most importantly in health education. 63.2% of those replied answered that appropriate time of education for health service is more than once a week. The person appropriate for health education were school nurse(63.2%). In conclusion to improve the problems of school health and to activate it, development and support of policy of health project and preparation of various conditions that can establish health courses independently is, above all, immediately required. Many efforts need to be made to make the president of schools and education authorities recognize the importance of health in schools. These efforts need to link to the transformation of awareness, and process of development of concrete method of practicing various school health education and school health is necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 2020

Korea Ministry of National Defense has directed the state-of-the-art technology Forces troops structures that can respond to security threats in all directions through the Defense Innovation 2.0, which aims to reorganize the personnel and organizations in response to population decline. An implement of effective analysis to maintain combat power is necessary due to possible restrictions on combat power, especially in division of mobilization where reserve manpower is operated frequently. In this study, the normal operations of the reserve officers were investigated, the direct effects of the combat forces of the reserve officers was analyzed using ARENA modeling, and the budget required to operate the innovation and indirect effects of employment of veterans were studied. The result of the simulation proved to be effective in demonstrating unit combat power when the reserve officer was in full-time operations and economic benefits were also significant in terms of efficiency of defense budget management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

This study compares and analyzes the supporting system used in Korea and Japan to facilitate the development of maeul-mandeulgi supporting systems. And the results of comparison and analysis are as follows: First, it needs to establish the separate legal system in the city planning system and to enact the local more local autonomous ordinances to complementarily connect with the administrative system. Second, an exclusive department should be organized under direct control of the local government head. Third, the maeul-mandeulgi support center should hire the full-time employees including the experts and civil officials who are not relevant with administrative works, and the local administrative organization should lead the operation of this center while strengthening the functionality of the center to be suitable with the local situations. Fourth, it is necessary to diversify the way to proceed with the maeul-mandeulgi project, and to look for a source of financial resource instead of depending on the budget of the administrative organizations.