• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 1994

It is very important to assess accurately the terms which are included in the heat budget equation of soil surface because they are used in the UM and miso-scale circulation modeling as well as in the micrometeorological studies. Each terms in the heat budget equation change according to the soil moisture content. So, it is necessary to specify clearly the relations between soil moisture content and these terms. Special experiment with micrometeorological measurements was executed to study these relations at Environmental Research Center of Tsukuba University, Japan. The results are as follow: 1. The soil moisture contents of 1 cm and 4 cm depth are oscillated with one day Period in drying process and the amplitude of variation of 1 cm depth is greater than that of 4 cm. 2. Increase in soil moisture contents due to precipitation result in decrease of albedo with step function. 3. Sensible heat is in reverse proportion to the soil moisture content and latent heat is in direct proportion to it. Latent heat is more sensitive than sensible heat according to the soil moisture variation. Net long wave radiation have high correlation with soil moisture. 4. Comparing with the radiative term with the flux term in wetting process due to precipitation, the energy transfer of the aero and thermodynamic flux is greater than that of the radiative heat flux.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2022

In the Construction Technology Promotion Act (CTPA) of the Republic of Korea, safety management cost is enforced as a statutory cost that must be included in the budget of construction projects. However, the construction of underground electric power transmission facilities (UEPTFs) is not included in the category of construction works defined in the CTPA. Consequently, the statutory safety management cost does not apply to the construction of UEPTFs. To overcome this limitation, the clients of UEPTF construction projects generally provide internal guidelines enabling the addition of the safety management cost in the project budget. Nevertheless, even after the execution of the internal guidelines, some important cost items are omitted from the budget owing to the incompleteness of the guidelines. In this context, this paper proposes a complete set of accounting items and their calculation methods for appropriate budgeting of the safety management cost of UEPTF construction projects. To this end, the current budgeting method of the safety management cost of UEPTF construction projects is analyzed, and a questionnaire study is performed to confirm the necessary cost items and their appropriate calculation methods. Based on the results of the questionnaire study, a set of accounting items and their calculation criteria for the budgeting of the safety management cost of UEPTF construction projects are proposed.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2019

With the emergence of new ICT technologies, information security threats are becoming more advanced, intelligent, and diverse. Even though the awareness of the importance of information security increases, the information security budget is not enough because of the lack of effectiveness measurement of the information security investment. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the information security investment in each business environment to minimize the cost of operating the information security countermeasures and mitigate the damages occurred from the information security breaches. In this paper, using genetic algorithms we propose an investment optimization model for information security countermeasures with the limited budget. The optimal information security countermeasures were derived based on the actual information security investment status of SMEs. The optimal solution supports the decision on the appropriate investment level for each information security countermeasures.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2008

It is necessary to select proper reduction methods and to calculate reasonably reduction amount for making good practice of the reduction scheme. Moreover, it is suggested that the reduction amount have to be distributed properly during the planning period. In other words, it has not to be concentrated on the specific year (especially final year of the planning period). The reason why, if the reduction amount concentrate on the final year of the planning period, allotment loading amount could not be achieved in some cases (e.g., insufficiency of budget, extension of construction duration). Even though much of the budget have been supported from national treasury (about 50%), it is thought the role of the local government must be strengthened gradually.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.97-102
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• 2005

As the railroad-base is an important factor to maintenance the rolling stocks, it is essential to improve the current problems of the environment pollution, nose, vibration, welfare, work condition and to applicate the performance betterment cases to the new base construction and pre-base maintenance. When the new base construction and pre-base maintenance is proceeded, it is necessary to construct the optimized system which includes the user's opinions enough to prevent the waste of the budget ,in that some part of the budget is spent to improve convenience, work condition, and the fault of base system after the construction. Therefore, this research intends to present the problem of the pre-constructed facilities, the testing operators' opinions, the analysis and the investigation of facilities' improvement, thorough the indication of provisions and the analysis of the result of the survey of testing operators.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2008년도 정보통신설비 학술대회
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• pp.473-477
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• 2008

In this paper, we introduce the positioning methods using the grid sensor network. The basic operational principle of grid sensor network can be the wireless communication using the sensor node attached on the objects. Sink node receives the environmental information (e.g., temperature, humidity and so on), and transmits the information to the core database. Since the grid sensor network basically uses wireless communication, it is necessary to observe the place where grid sensor nodes to be installed. In this sense, we carried out the practical measurement on the wireless propagation in an applicable field. In addition, link budget study and SNR estimation works were done in accordance with the results from the measurement.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2017

본 연구는 도서관을 움직이는 핵심요소인 시설 (설치에 대한 법률적 근거), 경영(전담부서), 인적자원, 예산을 중심으로 교육청 소속 도서관의 미래 발전을 위한 정책적 과제를 점검하고 이에 대한 해결책을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해서 국가법령정보센터와 국가도서관통계시스템을 활용하여 관련 자료를 수집 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교육청 소속 도서관의 행정기구가 달라서 도서관기능을 수행하는 기관의 명칭이 다양하게 나타나며, 전담부서의 도서관업무는 보조업무로서 정책의 우선순위에서 배제될 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되어 이에 대한 개선이 절실하다. 또한 소수직렬 승진기회를 제공하기 위한 사무관의 총 정원의 확대와 전체 예산대비 도서관 투입예산의 증가가 반드시 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the influence of socioeconomic characteristics of community on the food insecurity under the control of personal socioeconomic factors which may be influence to the food security. Methods: Food insecurity and individual socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from 2012 community health survey. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities were extracted from the data of Statistics Korea and local governments. Personal socioeconomic factors were sex, age, educational status, job, and monthly family income. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities were administrative district (urban vs. rural), senior population rate, degree of financial self reliance, degree of financial independence, portion of welfare budget, number of welfare facilities, and unemployment rate. We analysed the relationships between the food insecurity and socioeconomic characteristics of community using multi-level analysis under the control of personal characteristics. Results: On personal level age, sex, education status, and monthly family income were related with food insecurity. On community level administrative district (urban vs. rural), degree of financial independence, unemployment rate, and proportion of welfare budget among local general government accounts were related to individual food insecurity. Rural area, district with low levels of financial independence, low portion of welfare budget, and greater unemployment rate showed a higher level of food insecurity. Conclusion: To reduce the level of food insecurity in a community it is necessary to decrease the unemployment rate, in addition to providing support from the central government by increasing the proportion of the welfare budget so that both factors contribute to raising the degree of financial independence.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.342-362
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• 2022

The national R&D project is a major strategy for the development of science and technology in the country. This is promoted for the purpose of improving the welfare of the people, such as creating jobs and fostering small and medium-sized enterprises, through the results of science and technology research conducted with support from the national budget. Therefore, analysis of the performance evaluation and budgeting system of the current national R&D project is one of the essential parts of preparing a system improvement plan. This study derived improvement plans through a comparative analysis of national R&D project performance evaluation and budget systems in Korea and leading countries such as the United States and Japan. As a result, it was confirmed that it may be difficult to derive innovative research results due to the lack of sustainability and a short period of time to require quantitative performance. To overcome these difficulties, the need for system improvement as follows was suggested. First, it is necessary to enlarge and prolong national R&D projects. Second, a plan for securing sustainability is needed in consideration of the main characteristics of each research field. Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the linkage between organizations in charge of national R&D projects. And also, there is a need for a system that can continuously identify problems and improve the system. In addition, the constitutional amendment will be necessary to separate science and technology from economic development, which states that Article 127, Paragraph 1, "Science and technology should be subordinated to economic development," which is the science and technology article of the current constitution.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.76-90
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• 2000

물질수송 해석을 위한 박스모델 형태의 물질수지모델을 이용하여, 주변의 많은 환경적 변화 요인을 내재하고 있는 금강하구를 대상으로 계절별 영양염 물질순환 특성을 평가하였다. 담수 유입 및 유출은 계절에 따라 약 4～14배의 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 물수지에 의한 담수유 출량은 1.014×10/sup 8/～12.566×10/sup 8/m³/month로 나타났으며, 담수유출량의 99.7%가 하천수의 유출에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 염분수지에 의해 계산된 담수존재량은 0.339×10/sup 8/～0.652×10/sup 8/m³이었고, 평균체류시간은 1.6～10.0일, 해수교환시간은 2.2～11.9일로 계산되었다. 평균체류시간은 계절별로 큰 차이를 보였는데 강우집중시기인 하계 풍수기에는 1.6일의 짧은 체류시간을 보인 반면 동계 갈수기에는 10.0일의 평균체류시간을 나타내었다. 영양염 수지로 계산된 DIP의 유입flux의 범위는 5.57～32.68ton/month이었고, DIN 유입flux는 234.93～2,373.39ton/month로 계산되었다. 영양염의 체류시간을 보면, DIP의 경우 1.1～6.4일의 범위를, DIN의 경우 1.8～10.9일의 범위를 보였고, 담수체류시간과 비교하면, DIP는 0.39～2.31배, DIN은 0.83～l.13배를 나타내었다. DIP의 경우 하계를 제외한 전 계절에서 담수 체류시간보다 짧아 DIP가 빠르게 순환되었으나, DIN의 경우 하계와 동계에 담수체류시간보다 긴 순환비를 보여 영양염이 축적됨을 알 수 있다.