• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.181-183
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• 2006

This paper proposes an intelligent decision framework for update of the environment model using GSPN(generalized stochastic petri nets). The GSPN has several advantages over direct use of the Markov Process. The modeling, analysis, and performance evaluation are conducted on the mathematical basis. By adopting the probabilistic approach, our decision framework helps the robot to decide the time to update the map. The robot navigates autonomously for a long time in dynamic environments. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is useful for service robots which work semi-permanently and improves dependability of navigation in dynamic environments.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2014

Global localization is one of the essential issues for mobile robot navigation. In this study, an indoor global localization method is proposed which uses a Kinect sensor and a monocular upward-looking camera. The proposed method generates an environment map which consists of a grid map, a ceiling feature map from the upward-looking camera, and a spatial feature map obtained from the Kinect sensor. The method selects robot pose candidates using the spatial feature map and updates sample poses by particle filter based on the grid map. Localization success is determined by calculating the matching error from the ceiling feature map. In various experiments, the proposed method achieved a position accuracy of 0.12m and a position update speed of 10.4s, which is robust enough for real-world applications.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.71.1-71
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• 2001

In this paper, an improved method of environment map building and a region search algorithm for mobile robot are presented. For the environment map building of mobile robot, measurement data of ultrasonic sensors and certainty grid representation is usually used. In this case, inaccuracies due to the uncertainty of ultrasonic data are included in the map. In order to solve this problem, an environment map building method using a Bayesian model was proposed previously[5]. In this study, we present an improved method of probability map building that uses infrared sensors and shift division Gaussian probability distribution with the existing Bayesian update method using ultrasonic sensors. Also, a region search algorithm for ...

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2009

경제가 성장함에 따라 자동차는 현대인의 생활에 많은 영향을 끼치고 있다. 차량항법장치는 운전자에게 목적지까지의 경로를 안내해 주기 때문에 많은 편의를 제공하고 있다. 그러나 개인의 차량 소유가 대중화됨에 따라 교통혼잡이 발생하지만 차량항법장치는 환경을 고려하지 않는 일방적인 경로를 계획한다. 기존의 차량항법장치는 시간대와 상관없이 출발지와 목적지만 같으면 항상 동일한 경로와 소요시간을 제공하는 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 누적된 과거의 주행정보를 퍼지이론과 베이지안 갱신에 적용하여 교통상황을 예측하고 경로 계획에 반영하는 방법을 제안한다. 퍼지 이론을 통해 과거 주행정보의 출발 시간대와 속도율로 분류하고 베이지안 갱신을 사용하여 각 시간대에서 벌어질 교통상황을 확률로 계산한다. 전자지도에서 출발지와 목적지를 포함한 타원관심영역을 설정하고 Dijkstra와 $A^*$ 알고리즘을 융합하여 교통상황을 고려한 최적의 경로를 계획한다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능과 정확성은 계획된 경로를 실제 주행함으로써 예측된 소요시간과 실제 주행시간을 비교하여 검증하였다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2013

A local map-based exploration algorithm for mobile robots is presented. Segmented frontiers and their relative transformations constitute a tree structure. By the proposed efficient frontier segmentation and a local map management method, a robot can reduce the unknown area and update the local grid map which is assigned to each frontier node. Although this local map-based exploration method uses only local maps and their adjacent node information, mapping completion and efficiency can be greatly improved by merging and updating the frontier nodes. Also, we suggest appropriate graph search exploration methods for corridor and hall environments. The simulation demonstrates that the entire environment can be represented by well-distributed frontier nodes.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.675-683
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 저자에 의해 유도된 바 있는 베이지안 업데이트 모델을 초음파 센서를 갖는 실제 로봇에 주입하여 실험하였다. 초음파센서는 비교적 큰 빔(beam)구 경 때문에 단독의 측정치로도 넓은 영역을 감지하는데는 효율적이다. 그러나 실제상 황에서는 거울효과(specular reflection effect)라는 매우 심각한 문제점을 갖고 있으 며, 이는 지도의 질을 매우 저하시킨다. 이 효과를 상당히 줄일 수 있는, 단순하면 서도 실질적인 방법이 제안된다. 또한 본 논문에서는 이동로봇의 실시간 장애물 회 피를 위한 새로운 방법이 소개된다. 이 방법은 로봇의 현재 위치와, 점령영역과 비 점령 여역 사이의 경계선과 목표지점의 교차점까지의 거리를 이용하며, 점들이 실제 상황에서의 실험을 통해 입증된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.693-699
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• 2006

An accurate and compact map is essential to an autonomous mobile robot system. For navigation, it is efficient to use an occupancy grid map because the environment is represented by probability distribution. But it is difficult to apply it to the large environment since it needs a large amount of memory proportional to the environment size. As an alternative, a topological map can be used to represent it in terms of the discrete nodes with edges connecting them. It is usually constructed by the Voronoi-like graphs, but in this paper the topological map is incrementally built based on the local grid map using the thinning algorithm. This algorithm can extract only meaningful topological information by using the C-obstacle concept in real-time and is robust to the environment change, because its underlying local grid map is constructed based on the Bayesian update formula. In this paper, the position probability is defined to evaluate the quantitative reliability of the end nodes of this thinning-based topological map (TTM). The global TTM can be constructed by merging each local TTM by matching the reliable end nodes determined by the position probability. It is shown that the proposed TTM can represent the environment accurately in real-time and it is readily extended to the global TTM.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.123.1-123
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• 2001

For Autonomous navigation of the mobile robots, the robots' capability to recognize 3D environment is necessary. In this paper, an on-line 3D map building method for autonomous mobile robots is proposed. To get range data on the environment, we use an sensor system which is composed of a structured light and a CCD camera based on optimal triangulation. The structured laser is projected as a horizontal strip on the scene. The sensor system can rotate $\pm$ $30{\Circ}$ with a goniometer. Scanning the system, we get the laser strip image for the environments and update planes composing the environment by some image processing steps. From the laser strip on the captured image, we find a center point of each column, and make line segments through blobbing these center poings. Then, the planes of the environments are updated. These steps are done on-line in scanning phase. With the proposed method, we can efficiently get a 3D map about the structured environment.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.123.5-123
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• 2001

For autonomous navigation of the mobile robots, the robots' capability to recognize 3D environment is necessary. In this paper, an on-line 3D map building method for autonomous mobile robots is proposed. To get range data on the environment, we use a sensor system which is composed of a structured light and a CCD camera based on optimal triangulation. The structured laser is projected as a horizontal strip on the scene. The sensor system can rotate$\pm$30$^{\circ}$ with a goniometer. Scanning the system, we get the laser strip image for the environments and update planes composing the environment by some image processing steps. From the laser strip on the captured image, we find a center point of each column, and make line segments through blobbing these center points. Then, the planes of the environments are updated. These steps are done on-line in scanning phase. With the proposed method, we can efficiently get a 3D map about the structured environment.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 R-트리를 이용하여 항법 지리 데이타베이스를 구축하고 비행 시뮬레이터를 위해 VOR, ILS, DME, NDB 등의 항공전자 장치를 위한 소프트웨어를 개발한다. 먼저, R-트리를 이용하여 항법지리 데이타베이스를 설계하고 각 공항의 항법시설에 대한 데이타베이스를 구축한다. 항공전자 장치 소프트웨어 구현을 위해 VOR에서는 항공기와 VOR국 간의 거리, 방위각, 편위각 등을 계산하는 알고리즘을, ILS에서는 LLZ로 부터의 편위각, GP로 부터의 글라이드 슬로프로, 마커의 범위 등을 계산하는 알고리즘을 개발한다. 항법 지리 데이타베이스 시스템은 데이타베이스를 구축하고 갱신할 수 있는 항법지리 데이타 관리기, 항법전자장치에 관련된 정보를 제공하는 실시간 탐색기, 항법지리 데이타베이스, 그리고 사용자 인터페이스로 구성된다.