• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2011

To improve sediment quality in eutrophic coastal areas using benthic microalgae, we examined the effects of temperature and salinity on the growth of benthic microalgae Achnanthes sp., Amphora sp., Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. isolated from Sujeong Bay, Korea, using batch cultures. The maximum growth rates were obtained under the combined temperature and salinity conditions of $25^{\circ}C$ and 25 psu for Achnanthes sp. (0.60 /day), $15^{\circ}C$ and 25 psu for Amphora sp. (0.56 /day), $20^{\circ}C$ and 30 psu for Navicula sp. (0.53 /day), $20^{\circ}C$ and 25 psu for Nitzschia sp. (0.48 /day). Considering these results of temperature and salinity conditions required for optimum growth (${\geq}$ 70% of maximum specific growth rate), Amphora sp. Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. were characterized as eurythermal and euryhaline species, while Achnanthes sp., which exhibited extremely low survival at low temperature. In conclusion, Amphora sp., Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. may be useful species for phytoremediation, to control eutrophication and hypoxic water and thus improve environmental conditions of polluted coastal areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2012

The effects of substrate size on the growth of microphytobenthos Achnanthes sp., Amphora sp., Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. were examined using glass beads in order for phytoremediation in the benthic layer of coastal waters. The glass beads used in this study were 0.09~0.15 mm (G.B 1), 0.25~0.50 mm (G.B 2), 0.75~1.00 mm (G.B 3) and 1.25~1.65 mm (G.B 4). No addition of glass bead used as control. The specific growth rate and maximum cell density of four microphytobenthos species were increasing with decreasing size of glass beads. Moreover, the control experiment without added attachment substrates showed the lowest specific growth rate and maximum cell density. Therefore, the suitable attachment substrates for mass culture of microphytobenthos seems to be important in order for phytoremediation using microphytobenthos.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.166-175
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• 2008

In this study, we focused on natural water-soluble antioxidants from the Jeju benthic diatoms, Achnanthes longipes, Navicula sp. and Amphora coffeaeformis. They were prepared by enzymatic digestion using five carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl and Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase) and their potential antioxidant activity was assessed. Among the enzymatic digests, Neutrase digest from A. coffeaeformis exhibited the highest effect in DPPH radical scavenging. Flavourzyme (48.7%), Viscozyme (47.4%) and Celluclast (45.7%) digests from Navicula sp. exhibited higher $O^{{\cdot}-}_2$ radical scavenging activity. Viscozyme digest from A. coffeaeformis (45.9%) possessed the highest effects in hydroxyl radical scavenging. Termamyl (89.3%) and Protamex (88.8%) digests from A. coffeaeformis had strong metal chelating activity. Lipid peroxidation was significantly inhibited in Termamyl and Kojizyme digests from A. longipes, AMG and Termamyl digests from Navicula sp. and Kojizyme digest from A. coffeaeformisi. These data suggest that enzymatic digests of the Jeju benthic diatoms might be valuable sources of antioxidant which can be applied in food and pharmaceutical industry.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.24-37
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• 1991

Marine benthic diatoms and environmental factors were studied at 60 sites on the Mangyung-Dongjin tidal flat of the west coast of Korea. Sediment samples were taken quantitatively from the upper 5 mm layer to obtain a representative estimate of the epipelic and epipsammic cell concentration. Surface sediments taken simultaneously with the quantitative diatom samples were analysed for the grain size. Exposure duration of study sites were calculated by the tide data recorded at Kunsan Outer-Harbour. Coarse sediments dominated mainly on the offshore coastal and lower tidal flat, whereas fine sediments occurred on inner and higher tidal flat. Total 371 diatom taxa were collected and the genera represented by a great number were Navicula and Nizschia. The 16 abundant species occupying more than 1% of total cell number are of the following: Paralia sulcata, Navicula sp. 1, Navicula arenaria, Cymatosira belgica, Amplora holsatica, Amphora coffeaeformis, Achnanthes hauckiana, Rhaphoneis amphiceros, Thalassionema nitzschioides. Navicula sp. 2, Dimeregramma minor, Amphora sp. 1, Cyclotella atomus, C, striata, Nitzschia kuetzingiana, Stephanodiscus sp. 1. The distribution pattern of these dominant species are described in relation to the habitat condition. Most of these species showed high densities in fine sediments. However, they occurred even silty sand and sandy sediments in low abundance. The epipsammic forms belonging to the Araphidineae and Monoraphidineae were restricted on the lower tidal flat. The typical species found in coarse sediments were: Cocconeis sp. 1, Opephora martyi, Amphora sabyii, Dimeregramma minor var. nana, Fragilaria virescens var. oblongella, F. virescens, Cocconeis grata. The higher tidal flat consisting of fine sediments showed relatively higher cell numbers than the lower tidal flat. River mouth region was the highest in abundance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2003

최근 고부가가치의 산업으로 자리매김한 참전복, Haliotis discus hannai Ino 인공종묘생산시 생산성 향상을 위해, 참전복 사육수조의 파판에 부착 생육하는 Cocconeis sp., Nitzschia sp., Navicula sp., Bacillaria sp., Licmophora sp. 5종을 순수분리한 후 대량배양하여 각 종별 규조류와 자연발생된 혼합규조류에 대한 전복유생의 부착율, 초기치패의 성장 및 생존등을 비교분석 하였다. 5종의 부착규조류의 20$\ell$ 배양은 약 2주간 실시되었는데 초기접종농도는 각각 20만세포/$m\ell$ 였으며 가장 빠른 성장을 보인 종은 Cocconeis sp.와 Navicula sp.로 접종 12일후에 각각 128만세포/$m\ell$와 110만세포/$m\ell$로 높게 나타났다. 그리고 Licmophora sp.는 69 만세포/$m\ell$로 가장 저조한 성장을 보였다. 유생의 부착율은 Cocconeis sp. 배양 시험구에서 43.1%로 가장 높았으며, Licmophora sp.는 16.3%로 대조구에 비해 현저히 낮은 값을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 치패의 일간성장율은 Navicula sp.에서 64.1 $\mu$m로 가장 높았으며, Licmophora sp.는 22.4 $\mu$m로 대조구에 비해 월등히 뒤지는 것으로 나타났다. 치패의 생존율은 Navicula sp.에서 62.0%로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며 (P<0.05), Cocconeis sp. 와 Nitzschia sp.는 각각 60.5%, 59.2%로 대조구의 48.8% 보다 높은 생존율을 보였다 (P<0.05). 본 시험의 결과는 먹이효율이 뛰어난 특정 부착성 규조를 전복 종묘생산에 이용하므로써 전복 유생의 부착율, 치패의 생존 및 생장율 향상을 가져올 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2000

Growth trends of 10 selected species of benthic diatoms, considered essential dietary requirement of the newly settled abalone were monitored. Navicula sp. (B-38), N. incerta and Caloneis schroderi, grew faster than the other tested diatoms. 16 and 32 % abalones fed on Raphoneis sp. and Phaeodactylum settled, respectively; less abalones souled, when fed on Navicula sp., Hantzxchia marina or Nitzschia sp. In the first experiment, survival of the settled abalone was the highest (63 %) and lowest (31 %) for those fed on Rhaphoneis sp. and Navicular sp. respectively. However, in the second and third series of esperiments, abalones fed on Rhaphoneis sp. and Navicula sp. showed the highest (67, 49 %) and lowest (35, 18 %) survival. C. schroderi proved to be the best diet, as the shell length of those fed on the diatoms was 83 ${\mu}$m, as against about 36 ${\mu}$m of those abalones, receiving H. marina or Nitzschia sp., diatoms of the lowest dietary value.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.884-894
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• 2015

To examine the relationship between microphytobenthos biomass and the condition index of Ruditapes philippinarum (manila clam), field observations were conducted seasonally at the tidal flats of Jeongsanpo and Hwangdo, Taean, Korea from February to November, 2012. A total of 122 species of microphytobenthos were identified over the study period with 85 species (30-45 species in season) at Jeongsanpo and 92 species (32-57 species) at Hwangdo. Chlorophyll a concentrations and cell number of microphytobenthos were $79.75mg/m^2$ and $3,255cells/cm^2$ at Jeongsanpo, and $151.50mg/m^2$ and $15,943cells/cm^2$ at Hwangdo, respectively. The dominant species were slightly different: Cylindrotheca closterium, Fallacia forcipata, Fogedia sp., Gyrosigma sp., and Navicula sp. at Jeongsanpo and C. closterium, Detonula pumila, Diploneis sp., Navicula sp. and Merismopedia sp. at Hwangdo tidal flat. Paralia sulcata was the representative species based on cell number at the two study sites. The number of microphytobenthos identified from the digestive organs of manila clams seasonally varied from 18 to 31 species at Jeongsanpo and dominant genus were Amphora, Navicula, Nitzschia and Paralia sulcata. At Hwangdo, the species number of microphytobenthos found in the digestive organs of manila clams were in the range of between 19 and 25 species in season and the dominant genus were Actinocyclus, Amphora, Coscinodiscus, Diploneis, Gyrosigma, Navicula, and Diploneis. The condition index of manila clams were greater at Hwangdo (0.57) than at Jeongsanpo (0.42). Present results could support that the condition index of manila clams is positively correlated with the species richness and chlorophyll a contents of microphytobenthos.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.86-87
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• 2003

본 실험은 전복 종묘생산 시 먹이생물로 적합한 부착 규조를 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 부경대학교 한국해양 미세 조류 은행에서 보유한 부착 규조종 중, 해역, 크기, 부착력, 영양분석 결과를 고려하여, 11종의 부착 규조를 선택하였다. 각 부착 규조를 f/2 배지로 파판에 배양 한 후 평균 각장 7mm의 까막전복 치패를 대상으로 26일 간 먹이 효율을 조사하였다. 또 이 실험의 결과를 토대로 먹이 효율이 좋은 4종의 부착 규조를 선택하여 참전복 유생의 부착율과 먹이 효율을 조사하였다. 참전복 유생은 수정 후 56 시간이 지난 veliger유생을 이용하여 각 규조에 따른 유생의 부착율, 사망률, 변태율, 성장률을 측정하였다. 까막전복 치패를 대상으로 규조종별 먹이 효율을 실험한 결과, 생존율은 Caloneis schroder가 37.1%, Nitzchia sp. 35.0%, Navicula sp.가 31.4%로 대체로 높은 생존율을 보인 반면에, Navicula elegans이 6.4%, Cylidrotheca closterium.은 11.7%로 낮은 생존율을 보였다. 실험 종료후, 까막전복 각장의 성장을 측정한 결과, Cocconeis californica가 9.33 mm, Achnanthes sp.은 9.27 mm으로 대체로 높은 성장을 보였다. 이에 반해 Navicula elegans은 8.60 mm으로 낮은 성장을 보였다. 전복 전중과 육중은 Amphora sp.에서 각각 87.7mg, 35.2mg 으로 가장 높았으며, Cocconeis californica와 Achnanthes sp.에서도 대체적으로 높게 나타났다. Navicula elegans는 각장의 성장에서와 같이 가장 낮은 증육을 보였다. 규조 4종을 대상으로 한 참전복 유생의 부착율 에서는 수정 후 152시간 후 Cocconies califonica에서 47.3%로 가장 높은 반면, Caloneis schroder 에서 23.8%로 가장 낮았다. 실험 9일째 사망률은 Cocconeis californica에서 63.6%로 가장 낮게 나타났고, Nitzchia sp.에서 90.4%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 유생의 변태율은 Cocconeis californica에서 98.5%로 가장 높은 결과를 보였다. 유생의 일간 성장율 역시 Cocconeis californica에서 25.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$/day로 높았고, Nitzchia sp.에서 13.9 $\mu\textrm{m}$/day로 낮았다. 실험 24일째 참전복 유생의 최종 생존율은 변태율과 일간 성장률이 높았던, Cocconeis californica에서 7.8%로 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.476-479
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• 2002

We observed the succession and appearence species of the marine benthic diatoms for the effective seed production of shellfish culture on wave plates in indoor mass culture tanks. Every five days, the existence species and densitiy of diatoms were counted during the 20 culture days. Experimental conditions were 8.5 $\pm$ 0.3$^{\circ}C$ of water temperature, 1.0250$\~$1.0260 of specific gravity, 2,200$\~$13,000 lux of light intensity. The total density of appearence species was rapidly increased with the lapse of time. However, the number of appearence species decreased on the 20th day. The diatoms observed were 10 species; Navicula sp. of, viridula, Cylindrotheca closterium, Licmophora sp., Pleurosisma normnii, Bacillaria Paradoxa Asterionella glacialis, Stephanopuis sp. cf, turris, Entomoneis sp., Odontella aurita and Cocconeis sp, cf, scutellum. Of them, Navicula sp, of, viridula was most dominant throughout the experiment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1978

To investigate the phytoplankton distribution effected by polluted water, this research was carried out at eight sampling places in Tae-jun and one sampling place in Kang-kyong during the period from May 10 to July 25, 1977. The results are as follows. 1) The range of water temperature was 21.0~36.0$\circ$C (May 10~July 25), and pH value was in the range of 3.5~11.0. 2) BOD was generally high (140~432mg/l) 3) At the places where BOD was high, dominant species were Aphanocapsa rivularis, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp. belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorella sp. belonging to Chlorophyta, Euglena sp. belonging to Euglenophyta, and Navicula exqua and Navicula sp. belonging to Chrysophyta. 4) At the places where the range of pH value was 3.5~3.8 and the range of BOD value was 134~148mg/l, observable species were Scenedesmus ellipsoideus and Pandorina morurn belonging to Chlorophyta, Navicula exqua belonging to Chrysophyta and Euglena sp. belonging to Euglenophyta. 5) At the places where the range of pH value was 9.0~11.0 and the range of BOD value was 214~220mg/l, a few observable species were Scenedesmus carinatus, Scenedesmus ellipsoideus, Scenedesmus bijuga and Scenedesmus obundance belonging to Chlorophyta.