• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-92
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• 1970

Ueda, in the course of his systematic work on the lavers, Porphyra, in Japan and Korea in 1932, mentioned that most of the cultivated Porphyra belong to Porphyra tenera Kjellman. Then he, dividing the species into two forms, f. typica and f. kjellmani, put Korean cultivated Porphyra under the latter. From the 1930s to the early 1940s, Fujikawa, Kaneko and others worked on Physiological experiments or cultivational experiments of Porphyra in the culture-bed, but there was no mention about the cultivated Porphyra species. However, many fishermen generally recognize that the characteristics of cultivated Porphyra vary depending on their habitat or the picking season, and it is considered that these differences are due to the varieties of the species which are well adaptable to various environments. Recently, I have become aware of the predominant occurrence of P. yezoensis Ueda in most culture-beds of Korea as in the Tokyo Bay or other places in Japan. At present, since artificial seeding for the cultivation of Porphyra with Conchocelis has been carried out and peculiar species can be cultured, a study of the species of cultivated Porphyra has become an important subject. I collected the specimens from a number of culture-beds which are located in the legions shown in fig. 1 from January, 1968 to May, 1970 and found that there are five species, P. tenera Kjellman, P. yezoensis Ueda, P. kuniedai Kurogi, P. seriata Kjellman and P. suborbiculata Kjellman. Among them, P. kuniedai was treated as a round-type, a form of P. tenera, by Kunieda (1939) and Tanaka (1952) and the occurrence of this form is generally recognized by most fishermen. At present, as mentioned above, the most dominant species of cultivated Porphyra is P. yezoensis but the cultivation of P. tenera is restricted to certain culture-beds or the early half of the cultivation period. P. kunieda appears as a mixed species throughout most of the culture-beds, particulary in the later half of the period, while when it was picked in January it appeared dominantly in a place such as Gum-Dang where the 'Bal', splitted bamboo piece mat, was settled during the last of September. This is the first seeding process. The latter two species, P. suborbiculata and P. seriata appear frequently but in small amounts in the later half of the period particulary in the western region of the southern coast. However, it can not be ascertained when P. yezoensis becomes predominant, because specimens have not been available up until recent years but the process can be described as follows: We commonly recognize the ecological characteristics of P. tenera as follows; First, the conchospores of the species develop earlier and the period of its discharge is shorter than those of P. yezoensis; second, the microscopical buds discharge neutral spores which develop into new buds directly and buds develop repeatedly through a short period. Consequently, according to such above ecological characteristics, the species can grow thick on the 'Bal' exclusively. However, buds may disappear when they are harmed by disease such a 'infection by certain parasites or by other unusual environmental conditions. Thus P. yezoensis are enabled to grow on the 'Bal' instead of the former species since they not only develop later than the former but also macroscopical fronds discharge the neutral spore throughout the period from October to May. Likewise, if any disease appears in the culture-bed ill the later half of the period, the former is more severely damaged than the latter because the former have less resistance to the disease than the latter. Thus fewer frond survive and fewer carpospores which are the origin of the next generation can be discharged. However the latter by their nature can continue growing until early summer. In the case of the culture-bed where the above phenomenon occurs repeatedly P. yezoensis gradually may become the dominant species among cultivated Porphyra. In support of the validity of this process we find that according to the description and the plate of Wada (1941), P. tenera, P. yezoensis and P. kuniedai grow together in the culture-bed at the mouth of the Nakdong River where P. yezoensis occurs predominantly and mixed with P. kuniedai.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present fashion phenomenon by considering the types of street fashion, the center of avant-grade modern fashion, that shows the origination background and special feature concretely. The times was defined through the 1980's from World War II that street style originated, so the range of study was the 1990's when the street style was influenced by that of the past and was revived. The ways of study were to analyze the records of ideology, art and music connected with the street style from World War II to the present when it has risen. The summary of result is as follows. (1) In the 1940's, Zooties was the jet of desire suppressed by African-Americans that couldn't receive favors socially and economically and Hipsters pursued reformative bebop that made up of soft Jazz. In the 1950's, Modernists were running after Cool Jazz to the minimum. In the 1970's, Funk appered in the sexual desire and erotic strength, and was surfaced from Negro Getto. In the 1980's B-boys & Flygirls showed the street style by the scribble art of slum in the New York. As mentioned above, In the 1990's, Acid Jazz influenced by the Jazz of Negro has been the fashion added to the tradition of musical form that come from eclecticism of Jazz tended Neo-Jazz. (2) In the 1940's, Western style dreamed the country life because of rapid urbanization. In the 1950's, Beat obtained the feeling of liberation from the dissolute life and activity. In the 1960's, Psychedelics showed the freedom affected by the Pop-art and Op-art, and Hippies pursued the true individuality as 'love & peace' life style and the return to nature. In the 1990's, Grunge look influenced by the above has been fashion that shows the practical use of second-hand clothing or patchwork contrary to elitism. (3) In the 1940's, Caribbean style appered in the typical textile color with the center of West Indies. In the 1960's, Rude boys showed the magnificence and difficulty of Jamaica, and Rastafarians had a tendency to come back to the ancient civilization of America. In the 1970's, Two-tone was the simple clothing for harmonizing among human races. In the 1990's, Jamaica look influenced by the above has been the Lege fashion introduced to a high fashion, appearing in the special bright color, applique, unique hair style, and so on. (4) In the 1950's, Sufers pursued natural rhythm, getting out of everything. In the 1970' s, Skaters enjoyed the speed on the paved road. In the 1980's, Casuals emphasized the spirit of cooperation of young-things. In the 1990's, Casual look Influenced by the above has been the fashion that forms the activity, function and strong spirit of cooperation by pursuing comfortable life and sports in the tension of life and variety of modern society. (5) It was hard for Bikers to adjust themselves in society after the war. In the 1950's, Coffee bar cowboys were the reckless running boys in the leather jacket. In the 1960's, Rockers created the group originality as disobedient outsiders and Greasers imitated Rolling Stones. In the 1980's, Punks resisted the viewpoint of the old generation in offensive fashion. In the 1990's, Cyberpunk influenced by the above has pursued the classless structure, electronic music and metallic clothing that forebodes gloomily as the computer generation of ultra-modern science times. Accordingly, in understanding a complex modern fashion phenomenon, it was analyzed that the street styles of the past, from World War II to the 1980's, were reflected in that of the 1990's dividing into the five types in a word, namely Acid Jazz, Grunge look, Jamaica look, Casual look and Cyberpunk.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2020

개느삼은 한반도의 일부 지역에 제한적으로 분포하는 특산식물이며, IUCN Red List의 'Endangered'로 지정된 희귀식물이다. 본 연구는 자생지의 환경변화로 쇠퇴 위협이 있는 개느삼의 분포 패턴과 개체군 구조를 조사 분석하여 향후 개느삼 개체군의 동태 및 지속성 파악을 위한 기초 자료 활용에 목적이 있다. 개느삼 개체군의 특성을 파악하기 위해 양구, 춘천, 홍천 3개 지역에 각각 2~3개의 대방형구(20m×30m)를 능선을 기준으로 설정하고, 대방형구 안에 4~7개 Transect상의 소방형구(1m×1m)를 2m 간격으로 각각 10개씩 총 530개를 설정하여 출현 개체 수 및 결실 개체 수, 개체 높이 등을 측정하였다. 확보된 종발생정보를 IUCN Red List ver 3.1의 평가기준 B를 적용하여 기존 IUCN에 평가된 범주와 비교분석하였다. 조사된 세 개 지역의 평균 개체 밀도는 3.47본/㎡로 나타났으며, 지역별로 양구 3.95본/㎡, 춘천 3.37본/㎡, 홍천 2.87본/㎡이었다. 한편, 개체군의 결실률(결실 수/개체 수)은 0.0038으로 전체 출현 개체 1,837본 중에 7본만이 결실된 것으로 나타나 생식생장(sexual reproductive) 보다는 영양생장(vegetative reproduction) 비율이 매우 높을 것으로 추정된다. 조사된 세 지역의 소방형구 개체 밀도의 분포 경향을 분석한 결과, 개느삼은 수관 열림이 높은 산지 능선을 중심으로 수관 열림이 낮은 숲 중심부로 갈수록 개체 밀도가 감소하는 경향을 보여줌으로써, 광량이 개느삼 개체의 생육에 매우 중요한 요소일 것으로 추정된다. 한편, 방형구내 출현하는 전체 개체의 높이를 분석한 결과 2.3~68.5cm로 나타났으며, 평균 20.1cm로 조사되었다. 개체 높이를 바탕으로 개느삼 개체군의 stage-structure를 분석한 결과 15~20cm를 기점으로 개체 높이가 높아질수록 점차 출현빈도가 감소하는 경향을 보여주었으며, seedling으로 추정되는 10cm 이하의 개체들의 비율도 매우 낮게 나타남으로써 향후 모니터링 자료를 바탕으로 개체군의 지속성에 대한 분석이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 한편, 확보한 종발생정보를 바탕으로 산출된 점유면적은 200㎢로 나타나 IUCN Red List 기준(criteria) B 적용 시 EN 범주를 충족하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.279-291
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• 1997

The history of modern design begins with the arts and crafts movement(1860). The importance of the movement which decorated the outset gave birth to all the trends of thought which would occur under the circumstances within it, and is deemed that the ideas of the figures who played an active part in the movement might be ceaselessly continued through the works and ideas of their outstanding juniors or purpils as a doctrine of the philosophy of design. Therefore, it might be a prerequisite that the significance and spirit of the movement, and its developing process should be addressed in detail in the first place, but for the limited space of this paper, it was intended to desvribe only the part which can be interpreted in duplicate, linked with post-impressionism. The subject of this thesis is about a theory of art in which both ideas of the movement(1860) and the post-impressionism(1910) are comparatively reviewed. The genre, strictly speaking, is classified into the history of painting, and there is a gap fo about an half century between the issues which are comparatively discussed here. Both the movements began in a same environmental place of England, specially the movement at Milieu in England, and since there is a common point that the representative runners of each movement, William Morries(1834-1896) and Roger Fry(1866-1934), belong to a same race of Engol-Saxon, their ideas coincide with an aesthetic scholar, H. Tanie's aesthetic interpretation method and the more important is, as being elucidated in the comment and aesthetic theory for which Roger Fry gave effort and activity in his later life, that when he read intensively Ruskin's books, $\ulcorner$Modern Painters$\lrcorner$and$\ulcorner$Stones of Venice$\lrcorner$he had solidified his idea of post-impressionism while giving approval and criticism on them. After all, as in a co-painter, Windyham Lewis's reference of 'Roger Fry's Too Late Morris Movement', he, inspired by the actual activities of Morris, played activities similar to that of Morris in which exhibiting and selling some of his decorative art works signed by him and the works of post-impressionism through (1913-1920). Herein, that is wished to add a remark by this author is a point that the author of$\ulcorner$Vision and Design$\lrcorner$, Roger Fry, has not be made a subject of discussion specially in the Korean world of design. So, with this case of a thesis, it's wished that many latent awakened, design persons in korea give efforts to researching into Roger Fry so that their findings could be officially announced in the would. By the way, what is tried to describe in this paper from now on is to analyse and review the origin of post-impressionism which idea was first coined in the art world through the 1st and 2nd exhibitions of 'Manet and Post-impressionism' which were opened each at the Grafton Gallery in 1910 and 1913 by him. And also, it is intended to review it through the art journals and some references by critics of the day in which favorable criticism or severe criticism were ready to comment through the opinions and influences of the coworkers of Roger Fry, say, Clive Bell, Desmond Maccarthy, etc. and of himself as a main axis, on the art ideas of Gauguin, Gogh, Matisse, and Cezanne whose works were the typical ones participated and exhibited in those 1st and 2nd exhibitions.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2003

This study was done to compile 104 experimental theses which are related to the antitumor and immuno-activating therapies between February 1990 through February 2002. Master's and doctoral theses were dassified by schools, degrees, materials, effects, experimental methods of antitumor and immunoactivity, and results. The following results were obtained from this study : 1. Classifying the theses by the school, 34.6% were presented by Daejeon University, 29.8% by Kyung-hee University and 11.5% by Won-kwang University. Of all theses, 51.0% were aimed for the doctoral degree and 43.3% were for the master's degree. All of three universities have their own cancer centers. 2. Classifying the theses by herb materials, complex prescription accounted for 60.3%, single herb accounted for 24.8% and herbal acupuncture accounted for 14.2%. Considering the key principles of the traditional medicine, complex prescription was much more thoroughly studied than single herb prescription. The results showed that the complex prescription had both antitumor activity and immuno-activating activity, which might reflects on multi-activation mechanisms by complex components. 3. Classifying the theses by the efficacy of herbs examined, in single herb, invigorating spleen and supplementing was 35.5%, expelling toxin and cooling was 29.0%, activating blood flow and removing blood stasis was 12.9%. In herbal acupuncture, invigorating spleen and supplementing was 52.9%, expelling toxin and cooling was 29.4%. In complex prescription, pathogen-free status was 41.9%, strengthening healthy qi to eliminate pathogen was 35.5%, strengthening healthy qi was 22.6%. It is presumed that the antitumor and immunoactivating therapy based on syndrome differentiation is the best way to develop oriental oncology. 4. Classifying the theses by antitumor experiments, cytotoxic effect was 48.1 %, survival time was 48.1 % and change of tumor size was 42.3%. Survival rate was not necessarily correlated with cytotoxicity. These data reflect the characteristic, wholistic nature of the oriental medicine which is based on BRM (biological response modifier). 5. Classifying the theses by immunoactivating experiments, hemolysin titer was 51.0%, hemagglutinin titer was 46.2% and NK cell's activity was 44.2%. In the future studies, an effort to elucidate specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of cytokine production in the body would be crucial. 6. Classifying the theses according to the data in terms of antitumor activity, 50% was evaluated good, 24.0% was excellent, and 15.5% have no effect. In an evaluation of immuno-activating activity, 35.9% was excellent and 18.0% showed a little effect. The index point, as described here, may helps to use experimental data for clinical trials. Changes in index points by varying dosage implicate the importance of oriental medical theory for prescription. 7. In 167 materials, IIP (immunoactivating index point, mean : 3.12±0.07) was significantly higher than AIP(antitumor index point, mean : 2.83±0.07). These data demonstrate that the effect of herb medicine on tumor activity depends more on immunoactivating activity than antitumor activity. This further implies that the development of herbal antitumor drugs must be preceded by the mechanistic understanding of immunoactivating effect. 8. After medline-searching tumor and herb-related articles from NCBI web site, we conclude that most of the studies are primarily focused on biomolecular mechanisms and/or pathways. Henceforth, we need to define the biomolecular mechanisms and/or pathways affected by herbs or complicated prescriptions. 9. Therefore, the most important point of oriental medical oncology is to conned between experimental results and clinical trials. For the public application of herbal therapy to cancer, it is critical to present the data to mass media. 10. To develop the relationship of experimental results and clinical trials, university's cancer clinic must have a long-range plan related to the university laboratories and, at the same time, a regular consortium for this relationship is imperative. 11. After all these efforts, a new type herbal medicine for cancer therapy which is to take care of the long-term administering and safety problem must be developed. Then, it would be expected that anti-tumor herbal acupuncture can improve clinical symptoms and quality of life (QOL) for cancer patients. 12. Finally, oriental medical cancer center must be constructed in NCC (National Cancer Center) or government agency for the development of oriental medical oncology which has international competitive power.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.97-124
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• 2007

본 논문은 도가(道家)의 대표적 철학자인 "장자(莊子)"의 "소요유(逍遙遊)"에 제시된 '유(遊)'란 개념이 미술교육에서 필요한 것인지를 연구하였다. 우선 장자의 '유(遊)' 개념과 미술교육의 배경 및 필요성을 정의하고, 동양미술에서 활용된 '유(遊)'의 의미를 미학적으로 분석하여 오늘날 '유(遊)' 개념이 현대동양미술교육에 응용되고 표현될 수 있는지 탐색하는데 역점을 두었다. 논문의 전개 중 제2장은 장자의 철학적 '노닐음(유(遊))'의 개념 및 사유, 제3장은 미술교육의 배경 및 필요성을 연구하였다. 제4장은 장자의 노닐음(유(遊))'을 통한 동양화실기교육 접근을 연구하였다. 우선 노닐음(유(遊))'을 통한 동양화실기교육 접근을 2장에서 연구된 사유방법으로서 공간개념인 '허실(虛實)'과 표현기법으로 '필묵(筆墨)', 작가의 정신적 화면의 경지는 '사의(寫意)'로써 각각 분석 연구하였다. 첫째, '유(遊)'와 동양화의 상호관계성을 허실(虛實)의 조형이념으로 고찰 했을 때, 허(虛)는 그외 대상이 본질로 드러난 실(實)의 부분으로 하여금 감상자들에게 연상과 암시, 상상을 불러일으켜 예술가가 표현하고자 하는 적극적인 잊음(유(遊))의 경계를 뜻하므로 '허(虛)'는 '유(遊)'와 서로 같은 경계의 맥락이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 허(虛)와 실(實)은 조형 활동의 경험을 통하여 표현 및 감상 능력을 길러, 창조성을 계발하고 정서를 함양시켜 미술교육에서 필요성이 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 필묵으로 음(陰)과의 양(陽)의 걍약으로 신(神), 기(氣)(심제(心齊)), 전신(傳神), 사의(寫意)등을 각각의 예술적 경지를 표현하는 것이다. 따라서 필묵은 형사(形似)와 사의적(寫意的)적인 예술형상의 창조까지 연계되어 있는 중요한 것이다. 따라서 정신적 '노닐음'의 경계를 통한 자유로움은 사유에 의한 표현 할 수 있는 창조력과 자연 감상능력 및 미적 문화의 가치를 판단할 수 있는 교육을 탄생시킬 수 있는 것이다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 미적 안목의 육성, 창의성 계발, 감성능력의 함양, 조형능력의 함양 등의 인성교육으로 복합적인 미적 논리가 다양한 현대미술 속에서 동양미술교육의 정체성을 지킬 수 있는 하나의 방법론이라 본다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-62
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• 1969

계백혈병(鷄白血病) 및 "계백혈병군(鷄白血病群)"속에 오래도록 포함(包含)되어 오든 Marek 병(病)은 오늘날 양계산업(養鷄産業)에 있어 가장 문제시(問題視)되는 질병(疾病)의 위치(位置)를 점(占)하고 있다. 신속(迅速)하고 대규모적(大規模的)인 양계산업(養鷄産業)의 발전(發展)과 더불어 이들 질병(疾病)에 의한 경제적손실(經濟的損失)은 막대(莫大)한 것이며 더구나 과거(過去) 수년(數年)에 걸쳐 구미(歐美)에서 급성형(急性型) Marek 병(病)이 출현(出現), 외연하므로서 Marek 병(病)은 가장 흥미(興味)있는 질병(疾病)의 하나로 등장(登場)하게끔 되었다. 지난 몇년동안에 이들 질병(疾病)에 관(關)하여 새롭고 의미(意義)있는 연구업적(硏究業績)이 이룩되었으며 그 중에서도 가장 중요(重要)한 진전(進展)은 지금(只今)까지 "계백혈병군(鷄白血病群)"이라는 한 묶음의 통칭(通稱)속에 포함(包含)되어오든 이들 신생물종양질환(新生物腫瘍疾患)이 두가지의 명백(明白)한 질병징후(疾病徵候)로 나누어진 사실(事實)일 것이다. 소견상(所見上) 유사(類似)한 종양(腫瘍)을 야기(惹起)하는 이들 질병(疾病)의 분리(分離)를 위한 첫째 근거(根據)는 물론(勿論) 그들의 병인(病因)의 차이(差異)에 의한 것이며, 이것은 또한 질병분류(疾病分類)에 있어 가장 중요(重要)한 관점(觀點)이 되는 것이다. 그러나 이와같은 분리(分離)를 위한 증명(證明)은 불과(不過) 일년여전(一年餘前) 각각(各各) 다른 Marek 병(病) 병인분리주(病因分離株)로, 영국(英國) 및 미국(美國)의 두 연구단(硏究團)이 독립적(獨立的)으로 동시(同時)에 조직배양(組織培養)에 의 하여 Marek 병(病) 병인(病因)의 가장 유력(有力)한 후보(候補)로서 한 herpes virus 를 발견(發見), 시현(示顯)하므로서 이루어졌다. 실상(實上) 1954 년(年) 이래(以來), 그 병인(病因)이 확실(確實)히 구명(究明)되지는 못하였지만 야외(野外)에서의 전염력(傳染力), 실험적전달시험등(實驗的傳達試驗等)에 의하여, 이 질병(疾病) myxovirus 에 의한 계백혈병(鷄白血病)과는 다른 징후(徵候)일것이라는 것이 여러 학자(學者)들에 의하여 주장(主張)되어 왔다. 조직배양(組織培養)에 의한 Marek 병(病) 병인(病因)의 확인(確認)이 비록 예비적실험단계(豫備的實驗段階)에 있기는 하나 본병(本病) 연구(硏究)의 한 큼직한 돌파구(突破口)를 이룩하였다고 불 수 있으며 따라서 Marek 병(病)과 herpes virus 와의 상호관계(相互關係)(병인(病因)으로서의)의 더 진전(進展)된 연구(硏究)가 시급(時急)히 요청(要請)되고 있는 것이다. 본실험(本實險)은 Marek 병(病) 병인(病因)을 검색분석(檢索分析)하기 위한 조직배양법(組織培養法)을 더욱 진전(進展)시키므로서 GF 정형(定型) Marek 병(病)(Keny et al., 1964)과 CR-64 급성형(急性型) Marek 병(病)(Staples, 1964)의 병인(病因)을 구명(究明)하여 그 분리병인주(分離病因株)의 특성(特性)을 분석(分析), 또한 숙주(宿主)-세포간(細胞間)의 상호관계(相互關係)를 밝히고 더 나아가 Marek 병(病)의 각각(各各) 다른 분리주간(分離株間) 병인(病因)의 차이여부(差異如否), 또는 후보병인(候補病因)으로서의 herpes virus의 타당성(妥當性)을 검토(檢討)코져 시행(施行)되었으며, 다음과 같은 실험결과(實驗結果)를 얻었다. GF 정형(定型) 및 CR-64 급성형(急性型) Marek 병(病) 감염계신세포(感染鷄腎細胞)의 일차적(一次的) 단층(單層)(막(膜))배양세포(培養細胞)에 있에서 병인(病因)에 virus 의 증식(增殖)은 뚜렷이 변형(變形)된 종양세포화(腫瘍細胞化)(원형화(圓形化)병소(病巢)의 형성(形成)으로 나타났으며 이 종양(腫瘍))(암(癌))세포화병소(細胞化病巢) 형성(形成)의 특성(特性)은 감염(感染)된 배양세포(培養細胞)(탈락(脫落)시킨)를 비감염신세포단층배양(非感染腎細胞單層培養)에 가(加)하므로서(접종(接種)) 규칙적(規則的)으로 전달(傳達)(계대(繼代))되었다. 또한 계태아간(鷄胎兒肝) 및 신경교배양세포(神經膠培養細胞)에도 종양세포화특성(腫瘍細胞化特性)이 계대(繼代)될수 있었으나 정상계태아섬유세포배양(正常鷄胎兒纖維細胞培養)에 감염(感染)된 신배양세포(腎培養細胞)를 접종(接種)하였을 때는 아무런 세포변성(細胞變成)(CPE)을 확인(確認)할수 없었다. 또한 양형(兩型)의 Marek 병(病) 감염계(感染鷄)로부터의 전혈(全血) 및 buffy coat(말초백혈구일혈수(末梢白血球一血數)) 부유액(浮游液)을 정상(正常) 계신배양세포(鷄腎培養細胞)에 접종(接種)하므로서도 똑같은 세포변성(細胞變性)을 나타내었으나 다만 이 경우에는 그 병소수(病巢數)는 직접(直接) Mirek 병리환계(病罹患鷄)로부터 취(取)한 신세포배양(鷄腎細胞培養)에 비(比)하여 훨씬 적은 수(數)로 나타났다. 실상(實上) 조직배양상(組織培養像)에 관(關)한 한(限) Marek 병(病)의 GF 정형분리병인주(定型分離病因株)와 CR-64 급성형분리병인주간(急性型分離病因株間)에는 아무런 差異點을 발견(發見)할 수 없었다. 이와같은 특성(特性)을 갖는 감염병인(感染病因)은 극도(極度)의 세포결합성(細胞結合性)을 지니고 있었으며 본실험조건하(本實驗條件下)에서는 종속(從屬)되어있는 세포(細胞)들로부터 감염상태(感染狀態)의 병인(病因)을 분리(分離)하는 것은(유리병인(遊離病因)) 불가능(不可能)하였으며, 따라서 계대(繼代)(전달(傳達))접종물(接種物)은 항시(恒時) 세포함유물(細胞含有物)이 였다. 배양세포(培養細胞)에 있어서의 변성(變性)은, 비종양황기(非腫瘍荒起) virus 에 의한 점진적(漸進的)으로 이루어지는 세포변성(細胞變性)인 plaque 인 것 보다 오히려 종양황기(腫瘍荒起) virus 에 의한 특이적세포변형병소(特異的細胞變形病巢)(focus)로 보여졌으며 그 양상(樣相)은 여러가지 관점(觀點)에서 계태아섬유농배양세포상에서의 Rous sarcoma virus 의 그것에 유이(類似)하였다. 본(本) 병인(病因)의 병소분석(病巢分析)은 접종(接種)된 감염세포농도(感染細胞濃度)와 계수(計數)된 원형화병소간(圓形化病巢間)에 고도(高度)의 직선상관관계(直線相關關係)를 표시(表示)하였다. 양(兩) 분리병인주감염신배양세포(分離病因株感染腎培養細胞)의 이화학적(理化學的) 처리(處理)에 의한 특성분석(特性分析), 핵내봉입체(核內封入體)의 형성(形成)과 감별염색법(鑑別染色法) 및 세포화학적처리(細胞化學的處理)에 의한 virus 의 핵산형판별등(核酸型判別等)은 이들 원형화병소형성능력(圓形化病巢形成能力)을 지닌 분리병인주(分離病因株)의 성상(性狀)이 B 군(群) herpes virus의 그것과 극(極)히 유사(類似)함을 나타내었으며, 그 외(外)에 여러가지 분석방법(分析方法)에 의하여 이 병인(病因)들이 계백혈병(鷄白血病)/육종군(肉腫群) virus 들 및 PPLO들과는 전연(全然) 상관관계(相關關係)가 없음이 밝혀졌다. 감염신배양세포(感染腎培養細胞)의 음성염색법(陰性染色法)에 의한 전자현미경관찰(電子顯微鏡觀察)은 herpes virus 양(樣)특성(特性)을 갖춘 vius 입자(粒子)들을 밝혀 내었으며 또한 감염신배양세포(感染腎培養細胞)의 무(無) 백혈병(白血病)/Marek 병(病) 감수성계추(感受性鷄雛)로의 접종결과(接種結果)는 Marek 병(病)의 특이적병변(特異的病變)을 계추(鷄雛)에 발현(發現)시켰으며, 살처분후(殺處分後) 핵(該) 계추(鷄雛)들로부터의 신조직배양(腎組織培養)에 있어서도 명확(明確)한 세포변형(細胞變形)에 의한 병소형성(病巢形成)(암세포화(癌細胞化))특성(特性)을 훌륭히 재현(再現)시켜 주었다. 이와같은 실험결과(實驗結果)로서 배양세포(培養細胞)를 괴사(壞死)시키지 않고 변형(變形)(transfermation) 시키는 능력(能力)을 지닌 이들 분리주(分離株)는 Marek 병(病) 병인(病因) 그것이며, 다분(多分)히 B 군(群) herpes virus 에 속(屬)하는 한 멤버일(一)임이 단정(斷定)되었으며, 또한 이들 virus 군(群)의 어떤 것들은 고도(高度)의 종양양기특성(oncogenicity) 을 지니고 있을 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-43
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• 1973

The trend in modern nursing is toward the performance of comprehensive nursing care. Psychiatric nursing emphasizes education which enables the nurse to understand the underlying difficulties being expressed through a wide range of emotions and through practice to be more adept in her selection of a manner of approach which best meets the needs of a given situation. Presently, in Korea, there is nothing in the literature regarding evaluation of the effect of psychiatric nursing education on the attitudes of nurses towards mental illness and mentally ill patients. This stud!1 was attempted in order to understand 1) some of the problems in psychiatric nursing education 2) some of tile factors which affect the attitudes of nurses towards mental illness and mental patients. A questionnaire, a Korean translation of the "Opinions about Mental illness Scale" by Cohen and Stranding, 1962, was administered to 188 nonpsychiatric registered nurses employed in Yonsei University Hospital (Y. Hospital) and Seoul National University Hospital (S. Hospital) located in the city of Seoul. All of the nurses were directly involved with adult patient care. They graduated from various nursing schools. The data was collected during the period of October 2 to October 16,1972. The age, educational background , marital status, type of previous psychiatric experience, experience as a graduate nurse and close personal relationship with someone who was a psychiatric patient were compared with the O.M.I. scores. The mean and standard errors for each of the comparison groups were computed and tile relationships calculated by a t-test. The results of the study are summarized as follow: 1. There is no significant difference between the age of the nurses and their attitudes toward mental illness and mental patients. 2. There is no significant difference between the. educational backgrounds of the nurses and their attitudes toward mental illness and mental patients. 3. There is a significant difference in the nurses ′student psychiatric nursing experience and their attitudes towards mental illness and mental patients for the nurses in 5. Hospital only. The nurses who had 3-4 week of student psychiatric nursing experience had a significantly higher mean score for Benevolence (factor B) than nurses whose student psychiatric experience had been less than 1 Ivcek (P<0.05). The nurses who had 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks and more than 4 weeks of student psychiatric nursing experience had significantly higher mean scores for Interpersonal Ethology (factor E) than nurses whose student psychiatric had been less than 1 week (p<0.05), 4. There is a significant difference in the nurses′student psychiatric nursing experience by types of institution and their attitudes towards mental illness and mental patients for S. Hospital nurses only. The nurses who had their student psychiatric nursing experience in the government psychiatric hospitals recorded significantly higher mean score for Authoritarianism (factor A) than nurses who had their. experience in private psychiatric hospitals (p<0.05). 5. There is no significant difference in the nurses′psychiatric nursing experience as a graduate nurse and their attitudes toward mental illness and mental patients. 6. There is no significant difference in the nature and variety of the nurses′experience as a graduate nurse and their attitude toward mental illness and mental patients. 7. There is no significant difference in the presence or absence of a close personal relationship with a mentally ill person and the nurses′attitude toward mental illness and mental patients. 8. There is no significant difference in the nurses′ marital status and their attitude toward mental illness and mental patients. 9. There is no significant difference between the nurses who were employed ill S. and Y. hospitals and their attitudes towards mental illness and mental patients. Major suggestion for further study was to have more larger and wider scale research for establishing of the reliability and validity of the Korean translation of the O.H.I. Scale.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

The home health care industry has grown rapidly and can be expected to continue to grow in the foreseeable future. Home health care refers to the practice of nursing applied to clients with a health condition in the clients place of residence. clients and their designated care givers are the focus at home health nursing practice. The goal of care is to initiate. manage and evaluate the resources needed to promote the clients optimal level of well-being and function. Nursing activities necessary to achieve this goal may warrant preventive maintenance and restorative emphases to prevent potential problems from developing. Many project program were suggested home health care model for Korea's health care system and policy direction for expansion and establishment of home health care .But the aim of this paper is to provide on overview for theoretical frame work in home health care. Theories and conceptual frameworks or models are important nursing because they define and guide the boundaries of professional practice and identify key nurse-patient-caregiver relationships that emerge with caring. Following is the research with an investigation of the literature review in the University of Arizona international medline database, In conclusion, are as followers: First, many nursing theorists have had a tremendous impact on nursing practice. the following highlights those nursing theorists that are particularly helpful in understanding home health care. 1. Florence Nightingale : Our earliest theoretical legacy. Nightingale's believes are reflected in basic infection control practice such as hand washing and infectious waste disposal and are key nursing interventions in home care. 2. Martha Roger's :Science of unitary human beings theory. Rorger's believed that the focus of shared. non invasive healing modelities is the human environmental field rather than direct physical care. These modelities continue to evolve as our awareness (reflecting greater diversity, faster rhythms, motions, and ways of knowing) transcends time and space, allowing individuals to get in touch with their integral nature of unbroken wholeness. On people as ever changing energy fields have special relevance in home care especially with hospice and palliative care applications. 3. Madeline Leininger's; Transcultural nursing theory. Home care nurses move through a variety of communities and often care for patients from different cultural back grounds. Therefore Leininger's work has a good that with home care because home care nursing practice is very culturally focused. 4. Dorothea Orem's : Self care deficit theory. Orem's theory views care as something to be performed by both nurses and patients. The role of the nurse is to provide education and support that help patients acquire the necessary activities to perform self-care. Orem's theory is foundational to have care because it begins to truly acknowledge the role of the patient in managing his or her own health. which is referred to as self-care. 5. Margaret Neuman's; Health as expending consciousness theory. Neuman believes that health compasses disease and reflects an underlying pattern of person-environment interaction. A key application of 'Neuman's work to home care is for nurses to understand that health and illness do not necessarily exist at opposite ends of a continuum. 6. Jean Watson's: Theory of human caring. Watson's theory of human caring in nursing proposes human caring as the moral ideal of nursing. Nurses participate human caring to protect, enhance and preserve humanity by assisting individuals to fing meaning in illness. pain and existence and to help others gain self knowledge. self control. and self healing such thinking lends richness to theory development. as well as clinical practice in home care. Second, Robin Rice : Dynamic self determination for self care. (A theoretical framework for home care) Dynamical self determination for self care can be useful to home care nurses in a variety of ways. As research tool it can be reflected in the interview process when the home visit. The home care nurse's role is that of facilitator of patient self-determination for self care through numerous strategies. including patient education and case management.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제35호
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• pp.275-308
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• 2012

이 글은 조선후기 기호성리학파의 "역학계몽"연구가 어떠한 특징을 지니는가를 고찰한 것이다. 자료의 측면에서 기호성리학파의 "역학계몽"연구는 대체로 한원진을 중심으로 그의 동료, 문인들에 의해 연구되었음을 볼 수 있다. 또한 퇴계학파의 "역학계몽"연구가 이황 "계몽전의"이후, 16세기말로부터 19세기에 이르기까지 지속적으로 이어진데 비하여, 기호성리학파의 "역학계몽"연구는 18세기에 집중적으로 논의되고, 그 이전과 이후에는 비중있는 연구저작들이 거의 발견되지 않는다. 기호성리학파의 "역학계몽"연구의 특징을 고찰하기 위해 본고에서 채택한 주제는 3가지로, 그들의 태극론, 하도와 8괘형성에 관한 이론, "본도서"의 이른바 '오위상득설'이 그것이다. 태극론의 경우 기호성리학파는 "역학계몽"의 상수적 태극을 이기지묘의 이기론과 인기질의 인성론을 바탕으로 해명하는 독특성을 보여준다. 하도와 8괘형성에 관한 이론에 있어서는 기호성리학파내부에서도 논의가 분분하여 명쾌하게 일치하지 않는다. 결국 그들은 종래 주희와 호방평이 하도와 복희팔괘횡도, 복희팔괘원도를 종합하여 하나의 원리로 설명하려던 시도를 유보한다. 한원진은 하도와 원도의 관계를 중심으로 양자의 관계를 보다 명쾌하게 설명해내는 방식을 취하고, 이는 그의 동료문인들에게 지지를 받는다. 이러한 과정은 전통적 진리체계의 보편성에 대한 의식의 균열을 내포하며, 이러한 기류는 홍대용과 같은 기호실학자들에 의해 전통과학과 진리체계가 부정되면서, 19세기 "역학계몽"연구가 지속되지 못하는 한 원인이 되었다는 것이 필자의 가설이다.