• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2008

Purpose: Bell's palsy is a peripheral facial palsy of unknown etiology. During pregnancy, there is an increased incidence of Bell's palsy. Due to the nature of pregnancy, it is unlikely to treat Bell's palsy during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to report on 3 patients with Bell's palsy during pregnancy, who improved by oriental medical treatment. Methods: The patients who had Bell's palsy during pregnancy were treated with oriental medical treatment such as herbal medication and acupuncture therapy. House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system was used to estimate the efficacy of these treatments. Results: After the oriental medical treatment, the clinical symptoms of Bell's palsy during pregnancy were improved. Conclusion: This case study shows that the oriental medical therapy is effective in treating Bell's palsy during pregnancy. Further systematic studies and specific guidelines of Bell's palsy during pregnancy would be of much value.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.391-398
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• 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a typical inflammatory colon disorder. Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is known to exert various beneficial effects including anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial properties and improvements in liver function. However, the improving effect and mechanism of PG on intestinal inflammation are not fully understood. The present research was designed to investigate the effect of PG on the clinical signs of DSS-induced colitis in mice. The ameliorative effects of PG on inflammatory cytokine expression and the activation of hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF)-1α in DSS-treated colon tissue were also determined. Our results showed that mice treated with DSS displayed the main clinical symptoms of colitis, including weight loss, bloody stools, decrease in colon length and diarrhea and PG treatment significantly improved the clinical features induced by DSS in mice. PG inhibited the increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines caused by DSS in colon tissues. We also showed that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PG involved suppressing the activation of HIF-1α in DSS-treated colon tissues. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate the prospect of developing new drugs from PG for UC treatment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 1972

With an effort to clarify the nature of the azurphil granules which occasionally occur in the circulating lymphocytes, these granules were investigated by examining smear of the peripheral blood of the chikens in various stage of the individual growth and after injection of methylene blue and gentian violet. In addition, the fine structure of these granules were also investigated. The results were: 1. These granules were first occurred in the lymphocytes just after their hatching (0.004%). The proportion of lymphocytes containing these granules were increased with their growth and in adult chicken its occurrence was higher than mammals. 2. Marked variations in its fine structure, particularly in its size and cotents, were noted but they were believed to belong to categories of lysosome of de Duve. 3. Lymphocytes containing azurophil granule were increased after injection of the non-immunogenic substances, such as gentian violet and methylene blue. 4. From the above results, chicken is bettor animal to study theme granules because of its higher occurrence. They are believed to have intimate relationship with bodily cellular reaction against the foreign materials because they are increased after non-immunogenic stimuli.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 1983

The steadily increasing number of operations performed on the heart has given rise to occasional complications involving the nervous system, and this has been interested to cardiac surgeons and neurologists. This survey has been carried out on all Gases submitted to open heart surgery at Seoul National University Hospital during 1982 to determine which operative features were associated with the occurrence of neurological damage. 514 subjects were studied and neurological damage was noted in twenty-five patients [4.9%]. Eight of these 25 patients died in the postoperative period, but neurological damage contributed to the fatal outcome in six cases. Remaining seventeen patients were discharged without problems except one Cortical blindness and one hemiplegic patients who were survived without other problems . A number of features were found to be related to the development of neurological damage, which were age, duration of perfusion, nature of operation, cardiac rhythm and presence of the thrombi or calcification and hypothermic arrest. But many unknown etiological factors are remained out of our sight. A significant increase in the incidence of neurological damage was shown in older age group [13.3% in over 40 year of age], and also the duration of the bypass was associated with subsequent neurological injury especially more than 120 minutes [11.6%]. The presence of atrial fibrillation with intracardiac thrombi or calcification was also a contributing factor to developing neurological complication [16.7%]. These factors were regarded to influence the postoperative neurological complications and more effective method for prevention of these neurologic complication should be studied.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2012

Objective & Method : We investigated the identity of tri-energizer, which was originally described in Huang Di Nei Jing and claimed by traditional scholars, and drew the following conclusions. Result & Conclusion : According to Huang Di Nei Jing tri-energizer is one of the six hollow-organs and is called hollow organs for digestion and elimination, water guffer organ, or solitary hollow organ. It is believed that tri-energizer is regarded as the existing entity based on following several different sources; it functions as the course of channels, regulates wind and link and physiological function-especially intrinsic function of upper, middle, lower internal organs. It also controls syndromes and dysfunction of an illness, the surface of the body, and the cracked surface of the skin. Finally, bold and timidity depend on the tri-energizer. Experts determined the true nature of tri-energizer types. Experts include: Yu Tuan from the Ming dynasty, Tang Jong Hai and Ye Lin from the Qing dynasty, and Zhang Xi Chun from the Zhunghua Minguo period. These experts' claims are based on shape and forms of tri-energizer. Our examinations of anatomical and physiological basis on tri-energizers showed that, in a narrow sense, tri-energizer indicates visceral and parietal peritoneum and omentum surrounding the internal organs, and in a broad sense, indicates the overall membrane wrapping around the whole internal organs including five visceral organs and six hollow organs.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-66
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• 2016

There is growing evidence that professional work is changing as a result of the application of information technology (IT). However, the impact of information technology on professional work has produced mixed results. Our paper considers the source of these mixed results through a greater analytical attention paid to the nature of professional work. Defined as work involving expertise expressed through abstract and formalized knowledge as well as extensive working knowledge, the professional work logic assumes the greatest autonomy and discretion for workers in collectively controlling work characteristics-division of labor and its permanence, control over education, and control over new entrants and the monitoring and disciplining of existing members. The impact of IT on professional work will be difficult to control and predict without considering the assumptions and tensions within and across the three major types of work logics (Professional, Market and Bureaucratic). Using healthcare as an example, the paper provides various propositions for researching the initiation and effects of ICT design through these three work logics. These propositions illustrate the active role that IS researchers can take in researching an important economic and work-related topic, professional work, and in understanding how ICT affects work-related expertise.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2019

Objectives : This study examines the grounds on which Wulao(五勞) Liuji(六極) Qishang(七傷) which are categories of Xulao(虛勞) are differentiated, along with standards by which each category is further classified. Methods : Based on "Zhubingyuanhoulun(諸病源候論)", the first text to sort the different types and symptoms of Wulao(五勞) Liuji(六極) Qishang(七傷), each classification and its symptoms were analyzed. Texts which were written relatively close in time to "Zhubingyuanhoulun" were referenced in the process. Results & Conclusions : The differentiation of Wulao(五勞) Liuji(六極) Qishang(七傷) is based on the cause of illness. Wulao(五勞) is caused by mental activity which fatigues the Five Zang, Liuji(六極) is caused by exterior pathogens that damage the Five Body Elements, and Qishang(七傷) is caused by emotional factors as well as damaging practices. In close examination, Wulao(五勞) was further classified according to the different layers of mental activity, described in terms of taxation illness of the damaged Zang. Liuji(六極) is damage of the Five Body Elements by exterior pathogens, which was put into the spacial structure of nature and explained in six. Qishang(七傷) refers to the collective of representative symptoms and representative causes of Xulao.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.209-236
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• 2000

The last two decades witnessed significant advances in the efforts of immune-parasitologists to elucidate the nature and role of the host mucosal defence mechanisms against intestinal nematode parasites. Aided by recent advances in basic immunology and biotechnology with the concomitant development of well defined laboratory models of infection, immunoparasitologists have more precisely analyzed and defined the different immune effector mechanisms during the infection; resulting in great improvement in our current knowledge and understanding of protective immunity against gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites. Much of this current understanding comes from experimental studies in laboratory rodents, which have been used as models of livestock and human GI nematode infections. These rodent studies, which have concentrated on Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti/5. venezuelensis. Trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris infections in mice and rats, have helped in defining the types of T cell responses that regulate effector mechanisms and the effector mechanisms responsible for worm expulsion. In addition, these studies bear indications that traditionally accepted mechanisms of resistance such as eosinophilia and IgE responses may not play as important roles in protection as were previously conceived. In this review, we shall, from these rodent studies, attempt an overview of the mucosal and other effector responses against intestinal nematode parasites beginning with the indices of immune protection as a model of the protective immune responses that may occur in animals and man.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

Background: Although Tat plays a role as a potent transactivator in the viral gene expression from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 long terminal repeat (HIV-1 LTR), it does not function efficiently in rodent cells implying the absence of a human specific factor essential for Tat-medicated transactivation in rodent cells. In previous experiments, we demonstrated that one of chimeric forms of TAR (transacting responsive element) of HIV-1 LTR compensated the restriction in rodent cells. Methods: To characterize the nature of the compensation, we tested the effects of several upstream binding factors of HIV-1 LTR by simple substitution, and also examined the role of the configuration of the upstream binding factor(s) indirectly by constructing spacing mutants that contained insertions between Sp1 and TATA box on Tat-mediated transactivation. Results: Human Sp1 had no effect whereas its associated factors displayed differential effects in human and rodent cells. In addition, none of the spacing mutants tested overcame the restriction in rodent cells. Rather, when the secondary structure of the chimeric HIV-1 TAR construct was destroyed, the compensation in rodent cells was disappeared. Interestingly, the proper interaction between Sp1 and TATA box binding proteins, which is essential for Tat-dependent transcription, was dispensable in rodent cells. Conclusion: This result suggests that the human-specific Tat cofactor acts to allow Tat to interact effectively in a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes Tat, cellular factors, and TAR RNA, rather than be associated with the HIV-1 LTR upstream DNA binding factors.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2006

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare soft tissue tumor. There have been only a few prior fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytological reports. Recognition of this tumor is important because of its potential for metastasis despite its indolent nature and its deceptively bland cytologic appearance. A 60-year-old male presented with a slowly growing mass in the left calf detected 10 years ago. The patient underwent surgical excision. FNA cytology was performed directly on the mass. The smears showed low cellularity composed of hypercellular tissue fragments, hypocellular loose aggregates, and stripped nuclei. The cytoplasm was seen as either collagenous material or very thin fibrillary collagen strands. Tumor cells had spindle, ovoid, or irregular nuclei, fine chromatin, and small nucleoli. Focally slight degree of nuclear pleomorphism is noted. There were no mitotic figures. Blood vessels were frequently seen. Immunocytochemically, tumor cells were negative for S-100 protein, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and CD34. The diagnosis of LGFMS is rarely possible by cytology alone; however, LGFMS should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle-cell tumors consisting of hypercellular and hypocellular components with some capillary-sized vessels arising in the deep soft tissue of the lower extremities, particularly the thigh. The immunocytochemical findings are of help in the differential diagnosis.