• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to examine how plant terpenoids, as natural growth substrates or inducers, would affect the biodegradation of PCB congeners. Various PCB degraders that could grow on biphenyl and several terpenoids were tested for their PCB degradation capabilities. Degradation activities of the PCB congeners, 4,4-dichlorobiphenyl (4,4-DCBp) and 2,2-dichlorobiphenyl (2,2-DCBp), were initially monitored through a resting cell assay technique that could detect their degradation products. The PCB degraders, Pseudomonas ((S)-(-) limonene, p-cymene and $\alpha$-terpinene) whereas Arthrobacter sp. B1B could not grow on the terpenoids as a sole carbon source. The B1B strain grown on biphenyl exhibited good degradation activity for 4,4-DCBp and 2,2-DCBp, while the activity of strains P166 and T104 was about 25% that of the B1B strain, respectively. Concomitant GC analysis, however, demonstrated that strain T104, grown on (S)-(-) limonene, p-cymene and $\alpha$-terpinene, could degrade 4,4-DCBp up to 30%, equivalent to 50% of the biphenyl induction level. Moreover, strain T104 grown on (S)-(-) limonene, could also degrade 2,2-DCBp up to 30%. This indicates that terpenoids, widely distributed in nature, could be utilized as both growth and/or inducer substrate(s) for PCB biodegradation in the environment.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.321-325
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• 2008

Void areas(holes) as an inevitable phenomenon exist in geographic routing of wireless sensor networks, because the unpredictable and harsh nature application environment or uneven energy consumption. Most of the existing schemes for the issue tend to construct a static detour path to bypass a hole. The static detour path may lead to uneven energy consumption of the nodes on the perimeter of the hole; thus it may enlarge the hole. At the same time, traffic would concentrate on the peripheral node of the hole; thus the nodes on the perimeter of the hole tend to be depleted quietly. In previous work, we have proposed a hole geometric model to reduce the energy consumption and packet collisions of the nodes on the hole boundary. This scheme, however, still has the static detour path problem. Therefore, we extend the previous work by constructing a dynamic detour path hole geometric model for wireless sensor networks in this paper. The location of hole detour anchors is dynamically shifted according to Gaussian function, just generating dynamic hole detour paths.

• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.85-95
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• 2004

Other than in the fields of rolling stock and marine, in England, UK, Phenolic Composites (herein after, PCs) have been significantly utilized to fire protecting panels in construction, in particular, in architectures. In general, indeed, so-called "Plastic" or "Synthesized Resins" have been applied successfully in our societies all over the world, however, once, when ignited from somewhat reason, they burn much easily generating large amount of "SMOKE" from their nature of petroleum-borne materials as a matter of fact, people have forgotten about it. "SMOKE" caused many fire accidents horror tragedies as everyday people know today. The experts in this field such as PC engineers, researchers and others can take their responsibilities to explain it, persuade it and realize "Safer Environment for People" with well-experienced and technology innovated PCs. In this paper, the co-authors, collaborating UK and Japan, are making efforts to report how the PCs work good jobs to our societies showing some successful track records in construction or architecture fields in UK. How about on this matter in Japan\ulcorner "SMOKE fire" is always waiting fur us. We should stop smoking and SMOKE fire, in our public places.We should stop smoking and SMOKE fire, in our public places.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2015

Purpose: A system to measure the visibility of agricultural tractor operators was designed and evaluated according to ISO standards, and a blind area diagram around the tested tractor was created based on the manual method recommended by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Methods: A visibility measurement system was designed and evaluated based on the ISO 5006 and ISO 5721-1 standards. Two bulbs used to simulate the operator's eyes were mounted on a bar with a supporting frame. A wooden frame was used to determine the seat index point position. The 12-m visibility test circle was divided into six sectors of vision, and the test tractor was placed at the center of the circle. Artificial light was supplied in the darkened environment, and shadow or masking effects were measured manually around the 12-m circle. Results: When the bulbs were placed at the operator's eye level, front visibility was good; no masking was found in the "A" vision sector, but larger masking widths were found in the "B" and "C" vision sectors. Since the masking width exceeded 700 mm, additional tests, such as movement of the light sources to both sides of the operator's eye level, were performed. Less than six masking effects were found in the semi-circle of vision to the front, and more than one masking was found in the "B" and "C" visual fields. The minimum distance between the centers of two masking effects exceeded 2500 mm when measured as a chord on the semi-circle of vision. A blind area diagram was created to define the exact nature of the blind spots and mirror visibility. Conclusions: Visibility evaluation is an effective way to enable proper and safe operation for agricultural tractor operators. Inclusion of this visibility evaluation test in the general testing process might aid tractor manufacturers.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Space-time codes (STC) can achieve the diversity gain in a multi-path environment without additional bandwidth requirement. Recent study results reported that satellite systems can also achieve this diversity gain by using space-time codes in a cooperative network with terrestrial repeaters. Due to uni-directional nature of satellite DMB services, transmit diversity can be considered as one of the most effective ways to improve the performance. In this paper, we demonstrate various simulations results of STC schemes which can contribute to improve performance of future satellite DMB services. The STC schemes introduced in this paper provides diversity gains by combing independent coded signal from the satellite as well as from the terrestrial repeaters. In addition, we discuss a few points which should be considered to develop and implement these STC schemes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.82-93
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• 2000

The concept of sustainable development in rural area, which is focused on both preservation of nature and human's amenity, has been common paradigm. The purpose of this study is to suggest the development directions for the environmentally friendly rural house. The planning items for developing sustainable rural house were selected through literature survey, case study, and their adaptation evaluation. The establishment of principles and the evaluation of planning items were analyzed by a survey to experts. The results are as follows : 1) It is showed that sustainability evaluation of rural village is rated as above the moderate degree, but rural house is rated as 3.4(average score). Especially, there were lowly evaluated the utility, material, structure and inner environment in rural house. 2) It is revealed that 76.7% of planning items are located in both the upper left and upper right hand quadrant of the action grid, which is drawn by the importance-performance analysis(IPA). And any item is not found in the lower right hand quadrant(Possible Overkill). 3) Two basic principles and eight optional principles we identified by analysis of factor and regression. The rural zone is identified as major effective element for applying planning items into the rural house development. So it is desirable to apply the items differently by the rural zone type. 4) In view of sustainable development, it is desirable for rural village to have about 50 houses, and for rural house to have $155{\sim}180$ pyung(坪) as lot size, 30% as ratio of building, and 60% as building volume.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.77-89
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• 2012

With the advent of the genomics era powered by DNA sequencing technologies, life science is being transformed significantly and biological research and development have been accelerated. Environmental biology concerns the relationships among living organisms and their natural environment, which constitute the global biogeochemical cycle. As sustainability of the ecosystems depends on biodiversity, examining the structure and dynamics of the biotic constituents and fully grasping their genetic and metabolic capabilities are pivotal. The high-speed high-throughput next-generation sequencing can be applied to barcoding organisms either thriving or endangered and to decoding the whole genome information. Furthermore, diversity and the full gene complement of a microbial community can be elucidated and monitored through metagenomic approaches. With regard to human welfare, microbiomes of various human habitats such as gut, skin, mouth, stomach, and vagina, have been and are being scrutinized. To keep pace with the rapid increase of the sequencing capacity, various bioinformatic algorithms and software tools that even utilize supercomputers and cloud computing are being developed for processing and storage of massive data sets. Environmental genomics will be the major force in understanding the structure and function of ecosystems in nature as well as preserving, remediating, and bioprospecting them.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.80-84
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• 2015

Softness is considered one of the most important attributes of hygiene paper such as tissue and towel. Being subjective in nature, however, softness attribute has been generally believed to be impossible to evaluate using objective methods. Hallmark in his pioneering work proposed that tissue subjective softness should be mainly consisted of the bulk softness component and surface softness component. The bulk softness component can be determined by tensile stiffness; the surface softness component by surface tester. The surface friction turns out far more important than the surface roughness in determining the surface softness component. It cannot be too much emphasized that both results of the tensile stiffness and the surface friction should depend on measuring conditions such as an instrument used, sample sizes (e.g., basis weight, length, and width) and operating conditions of the instrument (e.g., gauge length, cross-head speed, size of stylus, and its scanning speed). This indicates that a direct comparison of the test results would be impossible or misleading unless they have been tested under the identical conditions. This may explain why the standard objective test method for tissue softness has not been available at present.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.570-574
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• 2010

The main function of conventional insulation materials is only to block the heat transfer and reduce heat loss from the building. On the other hand, thermal storage materials can work as an energy saver by absorbing or emitting heat within a specific temperature range. Thermal storage materials for building can maintain a constant temperature by effectively regulating the cycle of indoor temperature. As a result, we can enhance the performance of a cooling and heating system efficiently. In this study, phase change materials (PCMs) were added as thermal storage materials into gypsum boards which are extensively used for building material and we found out the thermal environmental characteristics. In addition, we checked out some problems when applying the thermal storage materials to buildings. Finally, This study set out to examine the degree of environmental-friendly characteristics of thermal storage building materials by analyzing the amount of TVOC and HCHO contents with the possibility of pollutants emission.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.212-220
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• 2018

Ecological and ecosystem database is becoming very necessary to understand origins and relationship between human and nature and also to minimize disturbance caused by human activities. An ecological information portal can play important roles as a computing system to collect knowledge, distributed research findings and separated data from researchers. In this study, we designed and developed ecological information portal service (EcoBank 1.0) for collecting and providing ecological information for diverse classes of stakeholders. To reach the goal, we had reviewed related and comparable ecological database portals to design conceptual structure of EcoBank system including database management framework. Then, we developed some functions of ecosystem analysis for each stake-holders (researchers, general public and policy makers). As a result of this study, we successfully designed of EcoBank system covering the functions of Digital Object Identifier(DOI) publishing and data quality management process. Also, we (1) applied ecological indices for calculating biodiversity by administrative boundary for policy makers, (2) provided statistical information of econature map for general public and distribution characteristics of species for researchers. To make a successful establishment of EcoBank, we have to collect and build up related database and offer various and reliable ecological data consistently. We expect that the successful construction of EcoBank will help not only to accomplish sustainable development goals but also to raise the welfare of ecosystem in Korea.