• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.48-60
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• 2000

This study is aimed to clarify the distribution chracteristics of marine terraces and extract the specific surface at Gampo-eup, Gyeongju city on the map of 1:5,000 using GIS. The effects and problems occurred on the process of using GIS were investigated for the research of marine terrace. The longitudinal profile analysis was carried out along the 12 sections on the geomorphic surfaces of the study area, and actually High higher surface(HH-surface) was found over 100m a.s.l., which has not been reported till now. And the occupancy rate could be calculated by substitution on the height between 4m and 87m a.s.l. for each mean slope degree $1-5^{\circ}$ obtained from the actual measuring along four sections. Consequently the lower-I surface was highly reliable to use as the key bed for studying marine terraces. The accurate and detail analysis about the marine terraces is able to be accomplished on the basis of meaningful actual measuring, though its general possible distribution area can be extracted from GIS with the less effort. Namely the quantified results obtained from GIS could offer the basis for the objective analysis of the geomorphic surfaces. And we can look over the landscape and investigate the surfaces with reliefs effectively in relation to the real geomorphology on the study area, where in situ approach is difficult. But the digital map with a large scale should be offered first of all in order to raise the accuracy of the analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.151-160
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• 2018

Waxes currently used as a coating material to preserve surfaces of outdoor iron sculptures tend to face lower coating strength and efflorescence due to the aging from air pollution and acid rains. Consequently, they are subjected to repeated corrosions shortly after the treatment. And the sculptures face the problem losing their original nature because of the changes of colors and lusters, so this convergence study aims at developing wax with better performance than the existing materials. For this reason, the study identified the effects of physical property using the environmental experiments such as the tests of salt spray and gas corrosion as well as the analysis of luster level and thermo-gravimetry. As this study result, the developed ISC wax showed the excellent blocking effect from salt water and coating durability more than five times compared with the existing waxes, better acid resistance by two-four times, sun block effect by 2-10 times, improved luster variance by 3-16 times, improved thermo-stability and durability by 0.5-5 times, and therefore demonstrating far better coating effect than the existing waxes. In the light of these findings, this study contributes for this new development which can replace the existing waxes used so far in order to preserve the outdoor iron sculptures.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.5 s.110
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• pp.491-513
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• 2005

The Republic of Korea is planning to build the now Multi-functional Administrative city (NMAC). The purpose of this paper is to suggest the conceptual framework for this new city that relies on the Korean geomancy, oriental viewpoint on man and nature relationship, particularly in Korea. According to the Geomancy which could conceptualize the human-environment relationship in the site, the overall landscape image of the city could be symbolized by two flying crane with three Taegueks. In transforming the overall landscape image to urban form, two diamonds which means eternity and strength arises from the western spatial viewpoint, as means to protect and harmonize the human, land and mountain relationship in this site and the symbolic meaning of this site as generative and sacred place in Korean people's mind. On the one hand, through juxtaposing of the two diamonds a geometric structure shows up, on the other hand the main axis of the city could be established from two crane and three Taegueks. On the North-South axis from the core of the symbolic green axis, symbolic things will be located, and the administrative offices will be Placed on the East-West axis. Peripherals of the central axis also play a role in developing overall land use from image. The buildings and residents could be arranged and located according to undulations and this is based on the oriental theory of geomancy. We can build cultural amenities on the head part of the crane and on the core area.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to explore students' argumentation in perspectives of epistemology and psychology and to find out how teacher can promote students' abilities of developing argumentation. The 60 hours of lessons from the interaction between one science teacher (Mr. Physics, who had 35 years of teaching experience) and his 26 students were observed, transcribed, and analyzed using two different analyzing tools; one is from the perspective of epistemology and the other from the perspective of psychology, which can portray how argumentation is constructed. Mr. Physics created the environment where students could promote the quality of scientific argumentation through explicit teaching strategy, Claim-Evidence Approach. The low level of argumentation was portrayed through examples from students' prior knowledge or experience in the form of an Appeal to the instance operation and the Elaboration reasoning skill. Students' own claims were developed through application of knowledge in a different context in the form of an Induction operation and Generativity reasoning skill. Higher level of argumentation was portrayed through Consistency operation with other knowledge or experience and Explanation reasoning skills based on students' ideas with more active teacher's inputs. The teacher in this study played a role as a helper for students to enact identities as competent "sense makers," as an elaborator rather than evaluator to extend students' ideas, and as a mentor to foster and monitor the students' development of ideas of a higher quality. It is critical for teachers to understand the nature of argumentation, which in turn is connected to their explicit teaching strategy with the aim of providing opportunities where students can understand the science enterprise.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.241-262
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to examine the changes of institution, quantity and approach methods of research results in the history of Korean economic geography during the last fifty-five years (1956-2010) and to offer the preparations for the future research. The history Korean economic geography can be divided into four periods: 'period of cradle' (1956-1962), 'period of establishment' (1963-later 1970s)', 'period of leap (the former half of 1980s-the former half of 1990s)', and 'period of transition (since later 1990s)'. Many departments of geography education and geography have been founded in the 'period of establishment' and 'period of leap'. Among the total research matters (1,621), 44.4 percent of research results have been made in 2000s and the most researched field was that of manufacturing geography, which occupied 27.7 percent. In the approach methods, about two-thirds of the results are the empirical inductive approach and the research frameworks method which clarified the regional structures and theory of spatial system occupied each about 40 percent. In the future, each research field of Korean economic geography is expected to take more serious view of nature environment, thorough regional survey, and preference of economy-society-culture-knowledge in the research framework of spatial network theory.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.71-92
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• 2013

Unlike general public investment projects, when it comes to environmental public investment projects, there is a gap between those who pay the costs, and those who receive the benefits. This is because of the long term nature of environmental investments, which entails that the majority of the costs are paid by the current generation, while the benefits are reaped by future generations. Because of this, when the social discount rate is set at a standard, singular rate, an issue of relative underestimation of the benefits reaped by future generations may occur during the analytic process. This paper begins with the recognition of this problem, and attempts to estimate a suitable social discount rate that can be applied to environmental investment projects. Taking into account recent economic situations, the social discount rate is currently being estimated at between 2.9 ~ 4.9%. Also, this paper used preliminary feasibility studies that took place so far, to analyze the standard pattern of benefit generation. This revealed that alterations in social discount rates can bring significant changes in economic feasibility test results. Simulation results showed that roughly 6% of B/C ratios could be increased by 1%p. resulting in a decrease in social discount rates. Also if we use hyperbolic discount rates, instead of using the current singular rate, there would be a meaningful increase in the benefits for the future generation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.525-535
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• 1995

The western-style industrial forest management practice involving large scale clearcutting, silviculture with industrially desirable species, and inadequate consideration on ecosystem preservation, has faced severe criticisms from environmentalists, ecologists and conservationists. With an increasing concern about environmental degradation the general public has also been becoming vocal in demanding ecologically sound alternative forest management. An age-old practice of sustainable ecosystem management variously defined as community forestry, social forestry or homestead forestry, has received increased attention in recent days. This type of traditional, and often not very organized method of natural resource management has been practised in many countries from the prehistoric times. It is believed that with a clear understanding of the functioning of ecosystem and community needs, the existing landuse method can be developed into a more productive one. The nature of community forestry management will vary depending on the scale, geographical location, social/community structure and expectations. This article argues that although the rate of economic growth may be lower with community forestry than with industrial forestry, the former fosters the principle of ecosystem sustainability. Industrial forestry may have an initial high growth rate but often it is associated with unsustainable harvesting leading to ecosystem degradation. A review of the traditional methods of economic analyses shows that they do not take into account the many social and environmental costs associated with forestry. It is argued that a well managed community forestry can maintain the critical balance between economic and ecosystem sustainability. An integrated model of community/homestead forestry development is proposed by coordinating the extension services of the departments of agriculture, forestry and environment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamics of the Zacco platypus population among streams in the Gongjicheon water system, Korea from December 2010 to October 2011. In this study, fish fauna was collected 27 Species belonged to 9 Families. The legal protection species, such as a natural monument and endangered species was not collected. Korean endemic species was collected 6 species including to Z. koreanus. The ratio of Korean endemic species was 22.6%, and it was lower than 51.3% that average of Korean endemic species in the Hangang water system. About these status, we considered that Gongjicheon water system had lost of the unique characteristics of the Hangang water system by the anthropogenic disturbances. The result of analysis to length-weight relationship and condition factor(K) of Z. platypus population in the Gongjicheon water system, the regression coefficient value(b) to indication of growth degree of the population was 3.04 and the slope of the condition factor(K) to indication of corpulency had positive value, respectively. These results seems to be that the Z. platypus population is maintained to a little unstably. In addition, the values of the degree of growth and corpulence were very low than the other natural streams in the Hangang water system, so it considered that the many artificially stress factors are occurred in this study area. These results are similar to Fish Assessment Index(FAI) in the assessment for health of aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, we are considered to require precise investigation and sustained monitoring for the restorations of stream ecosystem in the Gongjicheon water system.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2000

Four clonal lines of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, were produced through gynogenesis, mixed before hatching and reared communally. After 10 months, a randomly taken sample was subjected to a standardized shallow water stressor. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were obtained from stressed and non-stressed fish. DNA fingerprinting was used to confirm the clonal nature of the organisms and to identified the clonal line to which each fish belonged. 1 observed significant differences between clona] lines mostly in the hematocrit and MCV measured under no-stress conditions. Such differences are suggested to represent mainly genetic variance, on account of the common environment provided to all the experimental groups. The stress response ratio was lower than expected, mainly due to some unexpectedly high non-stress values. Heritability values (h$^2$) were medium to high for the no-stress measurements (mean 0.238) and very low or zero for the stressed groups'traits (excepting one high value of 0.484). 1 conclude that the use of communally reared clonal lines represents a good tool for the characterization of the physiological traits, thus allowing for their utilization as genetic selection criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.615-621
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• 2018

Recently, various environmentally friendly products have been developed for improving the indoor air quality while pursuing a well-being nature-friendly healthy life as a core value. In this research, we not only solve the problems of existing environmentally friendly paints, but also developed a charcoal composite seats that can reduce radon, which is a natural radioactive substance, and evaluated the reduction effect of radon, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds. In the charcoal composite seats, a sodium silicate emulsion and charcoal were mixed to prepare an charcoal liquid coating material, and the composite seats was fabricated by air-spray coating method. In order to analyze the hazardous substance reduction performance of the fabricated charcoal composite seats, radon was designed to comply with the Ministry of the Environment standard, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds were designed to comply with KCL-FIR-1085 standard. As a result of the experiment, the fabricated charcoal composite seats was evaluated as having a radon reduction capability of about 90.8% from 20 hours, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds were 3 hours, and the reduction capability of 96.7% and 96.6% was found respectively. It is considered that these results can be utilized as basic data at the time of product development for improvement of indoor air quality.