• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.463-490
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of Namhan River. The period of survey was from March to November on 2012. Vascular plants based on voucher specimen were summarized as 430 taxa including 86 families, 250 genera, 383 species, 2 subspecies, 39 varieties and 6 forms. The rare plant species designated by Korea Forest Service were 13 taxa including Penthorum chinense Pursh, Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim, and Sparganium erectum L., etc. And the endemic plant species were 8 taxa including Salix koriyanagi Kimura, Clematis trichotoma Nakai, and Carex gifuensis Franch., etc. Furthermore, 56 taxa were listed as specific plant species based on phytogeographical and based on the list of plants which have been approved for overseas delivery, 27 taxa were recorded in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were recorded as 58 taxa, and their Naturalization Ratio and Urbanization Index were recorded as 13.5%, and 18.1%, respectively. 430 taxa listed consists of 174 taxa(40.5%) of pasturing plant, 141 taxa(32.8%) of edible plants, 112 taxa(26.0%) of medicinal plants, 48 taxa(11.2%) of ornamental plants, 11 taxa(2.6%) of stain plants, 7 taxa(1.6%) of fiber plants, 4 taxa(0.9%) of timber plants, 2 taxa(0.5%) of industrial plants and 109 taxa(25.4%) of unknown plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.431-451
• /
• 1996

The present studwas undertaken to classify and describe the riverside vegetation around Hanchon (36°27’-36°51’N, 128°15’-128°37’E), a tributary in the upper stream area of Nak-tong River, South Korea by methods of the ZM school of phytosociology. As a result the vegetation was divided into twenty three associations and communities belonging to ten classes. Reflecting various human impacts in the past, the associations and communities of the Artemisietea principis were most plentiful there. The vegetation units obtained in the present study were as follows: A. forest vegetation A-1 Fagetea crenatae:Zelkova serrata community, Larix leptolepis community; B. Shrub vegetation B-1 Salicetea sachalinensis:Salicetum gracilistylae, Salicetum graciliglandis assoc. nov., B-2 Rosetea sachalinensis:Salicetum gracilistylae, Salicetum graciliglandis assoc. nov., B-2 Rosetea multiflorae:Stephanandra incisa community, Lycium chinense community; C. Grassland vegetation C-1 Lemnetea minoris:Spirodela polyrhiza-Lemna paucicostata community, C-2 Bidentetea tripartiti:Polygonetum thunbergii, Polygonetum sieboldii-hydropiperis, Panico Polygonetum hydropiperis, Pharagmitetea :Oenantho- Phalaridetum arundinaceae, Phragmitetum japonicae, Miscanthetum sacchariflori, Phragmites australis community, C-4 Artemisietea principis:Artemisia princeps community, Impatiens textori community, Lactuco indicae-Humuletum japonicae, Pueraria lobata-Humulus japonicus community, Pennisetum alopecuroides community, C-5 chenopodietea:Echinochloa crus-galli var. orizicola community, Digitaria adsecendens community, Polygonum nodosum community, C-6 Miscanthetea sinensis: Miscanthus sinensis community, C-7 Plantaginetea:Eragrotis multicaulis-Plantago asiatica community. It is inferred that the endemic vegetation units in the riverside vegetation of Korea are very rare, because most of the vegetation units obtained in the present study are common with those of Japan. Among the above vegetation units, the Salicetum graciliglandis was established as a new association. On the other hand, the associations and communities of classes characterizing the riverside vegetation increased with a decrease of human impacts from the downstream to the upstream in Hanchon, while the number of the naturalized plants was the reverse. Also based on the present phytosociological work, the relation between the vegetation units and their environmental conditions and the restoration ecology and nature conservation of the riverside vegetation were discussed here in detail.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.384-392
• /
• 2023

Stomatal pore is an important physiological trait that is closely linked to photosynthesis and transpiration as carbon dioxide and water vapor move through it between the atmosphere and plants. The present study investigated stomatal traits, such as stomatal density, index and size, of herbaceous native and alien plant species living in a riparian park on the Nakdong River to understand how those traits vary and to know if successful settlement of alien plants is attributed to those traits. There was no difference in stomatal density, index and size between native and alien plants with kidney-shaped stomata, suggesting that an empty ecological niche is not an essential prerequisite for the successful settlement of alien plants. Stomatal density showed a negative correlation with leaf thickness and leaf dry weight content (LMDC), but there was no correlation with Specific leaf area (SLA). All plants with kidney-shaped stomata had amphistomatous leaves, and the density and size of dumbell-shaped stomata were lower than those of kidney-shaped stomata.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.67-90
• /
• 2024

The purpose of this study is to present the ecological data for conservation and management of three wetlands by surveying the vascular plants in Ganam reservoir, Ahnshim wetland and Jeomsae swamp. The whole taxa of vascular plants were 376 taxa including 90 families, 252 genera, 341 species, 7 subspecies, 24 varieties, 2 forms, 1 hybrid and 1 cultivar, and the planted species were 66 taxa including Ginkgo biloba and so on. The rare plants were 7 taxa including Euryale ferox(VU), Aristolochia contorta(LC), Koelreuteria paniculata(VU), Sagittaria trifolia(DD), Hydrocharis dubia(LC), Ottelia alismoides(LC) and Sparganium stoloniferum(VU). The Korean endemic plant was 1 taxon of Lespedeza maritima. In total, there were 21 taxa of floristic target species including 1 taxon of garde V, 2 taxa of grade IV, 6 taxa of grade III, 5 taxa of grade II and 7 taxa of grade I . The hydrophytes were 51 taxa including 36 taxa of emergent species, each 6 taxa of floating-leaved and submerged species and 3 taxa of free-floating species. The invasive alien plants were 79 taxa including 75 taxa of naturalized plants and 4 taxa of casual alien plant. The ecosystem disturbing species 6 taxa including Sicyos angulatus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Lactuca seriola, Symphyotrichum pilosum, Paspalum distichum and Humulus scandens.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.289-298
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate salt marsh flora and vegetation in the mouth of Mankyeong river estuary area where has a project for Sea Man Geum Reclaimed Land so that we can foster a foundation on restoration of an ecological habitat, development of applicable plants and establishment of a conservation policy after developing the reclaimed land for salt marsh vegetation which has great ecological value. As a result of this research, there are 10 families 25 genera 29 species and 3 varieties of vascular plants in the Mankyong-river estuary area. These are 0.76% among 4,191 of Korean vascular plants. There are also 5 families 6 genera 6 species and 1 varietiy of the naturalized plants which are 7 taxa in total and 3.85% of indicators of naturalized plants. Firstly, a district of low tide marsh has below 5% of vegetation coverage of Suaeda japonica and the vegetation cover was increasing rapidly while moving to a place of high tide marsh which is in the direction to a bank. In general, a range of from low tide marsh to high tide marsh is distributed with sequence of Suaeda japonica$\rightarrow$Suaeda maritima$\rightarrow$Suaeda japonica$\rightarrow$Aster tripolium$\rightarrow$Artemisia scoparia$\rightarrow$Carex scabrifolia$\rightarrow$Zoysia sinica$\rightarrow$Phragmites australis$\rightarrow$Phacelurus latifolius. Suaeda japonica has the highest dominance among the species composition and Aster tripolium, Phragmites australis, Artemisia scoparia, Carex scabrifolia and Phacelurus latifolius are distributed as zonation or patch. By the Z-M method eleven plant communities were recognized; Suaeda japonica, Suaeda japonica-Suaeda maritima, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda japonica-Aster tripolium, Aster tripolium, Phragmites australis, Carex scabrifolia, Phacelurus latifolius, Artemisia scoparia-Aster tripolium, Paspalum distichum var. indutum and Aster tripolium-Artemisia scoparia community. The actual vegetation map was constructed of the grounds of the communities classified and other data.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2005

Recently, the concern of groynes that provide us with various ecological environment and improvement of scenary near river as well as hydraulic improvement has greatly increased for naturalized river and ecological river restoration. However there is no adequate design guidelines in Korea. Furthermore there is lack of research for installation of groynes in Korea. Thus, in this study, we have conducted hydraulic modeling test for kinds of groyne and changes of permeability and made a study of the analysis for installation factor of groyne. Experimental conditions were the fixed bed model for flow pattern of groyne tip and separation length about changes of groyne length and permeability. The Experiments were conducted to measure velocity and drift angle at groyne tip. The main study kas measured the groyne tip velocity for a factor of scour and drift angle for velocity increase at center of channel. We have suggested the equation about groyne tip velocity rate(tip velocity/ approach velocity) and area rate(groyne area/ flow area). And In recirculation zone of groyne downstream, To study the basic data of groyne about installation interval has analyzed the change of separation length and incidence angle. We have suggested the equation about separation length rate(separation length/ groyne length), changes of permeability and installation angle.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.131-167
• /
• 2019

Securing reference information (inventory) is essential for proper conservation and management of protected areas. Moreover, the investigation results should be available for comparison and evaluation. For this study, we established seven investigational lattices and carried out the field examinations to obtain comparable data in the Donggang river basin ecological and scenery conservation area, We conducted a total of 16 field surveys and identified a total of 830 taxa that is composed of 127 families, 408 genera, 716 species, 10 subspecies, 88 varieties, and 16 forms. We identified a total of 487 taxa in the 6th investigational lattice and 457 taxa in the 4th. We observed 6 species (grade II) designated by the Ministry of Environment as the endangered plants, one "species to monitor" designated by the Ministry of Environment, and 23 taxa designated as endemic species. Regarding the floristic characteristics plants, 15 taxa of grade V, 27 taxa of grade IV, 38 taxa of grade III, 31 taxa of grade II, and 19 taxa of grade I were identified. The 6th investigational lattice showed the largest number of taxa at 70. A total of 58 taxa were identified as the naturalized plant, and the 6th investigational lattice showed the most at 35 taxa. The Donggang river basin ecological and scenery conservation area was assessed to be an extremely important area to conserve and maintain plants species diversity not only in the regional scale but also national scale.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the natural river conservation work and to find remedies for them, targeting Jangsu-cheon with high frequency of use by citizens among the rivers in Incheon Metroplitan City, Korea; for this, this study conducted investigations and analyses of Jangsu-cheon completed in December, 2008. As a result of investigating 3 spots for the water system of Jangsu-cheon over a total of 3 years (2009, 2010, 2014), it was found that benthic macro-invertebrates of a total of 3 phyla, 5 classes, 11 orders, 26 families, 56 species, and 980 specimens were distributed there. When they were analyzed by year, 18 families and 30 species in 2009, right after the natural river conservation work, and 22 families and 37 species in 2010, 2 years after the work, were found, with 7 species increasing in number; after that, as a result of the investigation in 2014, 22 families and 38 species were found, which tells the river has entered the stabilization stage since the recovery in 2010.Therefore, this study could identify: the water environment of the river was improved due to the natural river conservation work for Jangsu-cheon; in addition, Jangsu-cheon showed good ecological environment due to the continuous maintenance of the good wetlands in Incheon Grand Park in the upper area of the river; and the natural river conservation work of Jangsu-cheon created positive effects.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.325-330
• /
• 2011

In order to revive the ecological function of degraded rivers, a total restoration plan for riverbeds and riparians needs to be developed. Previous evaluations for rivers were mainly focused on the river's physical structures. Therefore, this research has developed indicators to evaluate a riparian restoration considering biodiversity. Through literature and previous cases review, 4 fields and 13 indicators are selected for the evaluation. Four fields are biodiversity, habitat diversity, connectivity and habitat functionality. In the biodiversity field, 4 indicators of the exuberant extent of herbaceous vegetation and their diversity, the exuberant extent of shrub and woody plants and their diversity, the number of plant communities and naturalized plants are included. Habitat diversity are comprised of 4 indicators of the longitudinal continuity of vegetation, the mixture of plant communities, the extent of plant type color fruit abundance and the distribution of vegetation. Connectivity includes 3 indicators of target distribution, the shore slope of low water channels and the extent of artificial embankment materials. Habitat functionality has 2 indicators of the status of food supply plants and the habitat functionality. The value weighting for the fields and indicators has been calculated based on the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. 50 experts were surveyed with quantifiable questionnaire, among them 43 experts have more than 10 yesrs experiences in the nature restoration field. The selected and weighted indicators have been tested to the 12 sections in Gap stream located in Daejeon. In conclusion, the indicators are feasible and the selected indicators could be used to establish the direction and objectives of riparian restoration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.13-27
• /
• 2013

This study investigated flora and vascular plants area around Buyongdae where include optimum view point Okyeonjeongsa and Gyeomamjeongsa in Hahoe Village, Andong. Based on the findings, the aim of results was attempted to suggest the management plan of the vegetation area around Buyongdae which designated UNESCO World cultural heritage and folk village in Korea. The results of the study is as the following. All flora of this site, Buyongdae in Andong, were 301 taxa; 89 families, 217 genera, 251 species, 1 subspecies, 38 varieties and 11 forms. Vegetation of each of areas in site was classified Pinus densiflora as representative forest around Buyongdae, Quercus variabilis forest around Gyeomamjjeongsa and Koelreuteria paniculata forest in river cliff of Buyongdae. The 14 taxa(Polygala tenuifolia, Koelreuteria paniculata, and others) as the rare plants and the 7 taxa(Weigela subsessilis, and others) as endemic species were recorded in the surveyed site among the whole flora. The specific plants which is categorized to degree by the Ministry of Environment appeared as 32 taxa; degree IV was 4 species; Polygala tenuifolia, etc. and degree III was 10 species; Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Pyrrosia petiolosa, etc. and degree I was 13 species; Hemiptelea davidii, Zizyphus jujuba var. jujuba, etc. Also, the 11 taxa were recorded in limestone area as the chamaephyte; Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Celtis koraiensis, Siphonostegia chinensis, Artemisia gmelini, and others. The naturalized plants recorded as 25 taxa; Viola arvensis, Erechtites hieracifolia, etc. and invasion of Sicyos angulatus which is ecosystem disturbing plants. The naturalization rate(NR) was 8.3% and the urbanization index(UI) was 7.8% by field survey. For recovery of indigenous to traditional vegetation landscape in Buyongdae, Pinus rigida of upper-growth and Alnus sibirica of middle-growth need thinning. In addition, the site demands both sustainable management through long-term monitering and gradual elimination method for the naturalized plants including Sicyos angulatus where found in Kyumamjeongsa. Particularly, intentional planting for decoration and cultivation around Hwachunseowon, Helianthus tuberosus must be substitute with the native plants. Meanwhile, Polygala tenuifolia is potently demanded preventing habitate, confirming additional habitate, seed securing and preservation of gene resource internally or externally. Koelreuteria paniculata; denoting feature of river cliff, including Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Siphonostegia chinensis, Zizyphus jujuba var. jujuba, Pyrrosia petiolosa, and Celtis koraiensis, also need an assertive preservation. Futhermore, Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda, located around Galmo rock to Chunggil course, remained by colonizing form, need preservation and observation for a while. Beside that, the information boards are required to educate visiting user about safe regulations on the narrow way in rock hill.