• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-92
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• 2013

The vascular plants of Thuja orientalis community in Seokmun-bong, Danyang were listed 222 taxa (4.5% of all 4,881 taxa of vascular plants); 67 families, 150 genera, 163 species, 2 subspecies, 43 varieties and 14 forms. Limestone plants, 29 taxa; Asplenium rutamuraria, Celtis koraiensis, Goodyera coreana, etc. So, Based on the legal protection species, endangered wild plants II, were recorded; Thalictrum coreanum (EN) and rare plants, 8 taxa; Thuja orientalis (LC), Exochorda serratifolia var. serratifolia (LC), Diarthron linifolium (EN), Bupleurum falcatum (VU), Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LC), Dracocephalum argunense (EN), Polygonatum robustum (EN), etc. and endemic plants, 3 taxa; Populus tomentiglandulosa (Planted plant), Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Asperula lasiantha, etc. Based on the list of specific plants, 29 taxa; Thalictrum coreanum in class V, 7 taxa (Neillia uyekii for. uyekii, Prunus sibirica, Abelia coreana, etc.) in class IV, 8 taxa (Spiraea trichocarpa, Polygala tatarinowi, Asparagus oligoclonos, etc.) in class III, 2 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii var. dickinsii, Weigela florida) in class II, 11 taxa (Morus cathayana, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Zizyphus jujuba var. jujuba, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 10 taxa (Robinia pseudoacacia, Oenothera biennis, Festuca arundinacea, etc.), naturalization rate (NR) was 4.5% of all 222 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index (UI) was 3.1% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.489-498
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution status and urbanization index of the naturalized plants. For this purpose, 7 cities and counties in the eastern area of Jeollanamdo were selected and investigations were conducted on a total of 14 sites, during the period of March 2006 to November 2008. The naturalized plants were identified as 123; 22 families, 75 genera, 118 species, and 5 varieties. As for the urbanization index, Suncheon city had the highest level of urbanization (33.45%) and Gurye county the lowest level of urbanization (20.21%). Classification families were as follows: Compositae 40 kinds (30.1%) Gramineae 17 kinds (12.8%) and Leguminosae 14 kinds (10.5%). Major communities of naturalized plants consisted of 20 communities including Erigeron annuus community, Erigeron canadensis community, Alnus firma community, Amorpha fruticosa community, Oenothera odorata community, Bidens frondosa community, Coreopsis tinctoria community, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community etc. Invasive naturalized plants consisted of 5 taxa: Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Eupatorium rugosum, Paspalum distichum var. indutum and Paspalum distichum. The distributional characteristics of naturalized plants were divided on the basis of six areas associated with ecological characteristics of a habitat.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2021

The two main hypotheses that explain why invasive alien plants successfully colonize new environments are: 1) invasive alien plants are functionally different from native plants in a community, and 2) the plants can adapt well to new environments because they are functionally similar to native plants. The present study investigated the functional traits of naturalized alien herbaceous plants and their native neighbors in a riparian park area near the Hapcheon-Changyeong weir along the Nakdong River to determine which of the two hypotheses applied to the study area. According to the results, leaf functional traits, such as leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf carbon content differed between naturalized alien and native plants, which could be attributed to the higher leaf nitrogen contents in naturalized alien plants than in native plants. The high leaf nitrogen contents are associated with high photosynthetic rates, which lead to effective resource use and rapid growth; therefore, naturalized alien plants growing in the study area were considered to have such functional traits. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that the successful establishment of invasive alien plants is attributed to the functional trait differences between invasive and native plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

This study was conducted to provide a database for biotope conservation and restoration of the Jeonju region in North Cheolla Province. To accomplish this task, investigations were made on the characteristics of the distribution pattern of naturalized plants in the region. From May to June 2008, the flora and lists of naturalized plants were investigated and, based on these data the ratio of naturalization was calculated. The results of this investigation areas follows: a total of 113 families and 54 species were found in the flora. The naturalized plants among them amounted to 19 families and 54 species. The ratio of naturalization was most high in the biotope type of rural dried stream(36.4%). The biotype that showed the lowest ratio of naturalization was coniferous natural forest type, which had no naturalized plants in it. The average naturalization ration of the Jeonju region turned out to be 18.9%, which is similar to that of other mid-size cities in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2009

The naturalized plants in the Byeonsanbando National Park were listed 88 taxa composed of 24 families, 65 genus, 83 species and 3 varieties and 2 forms by field survey. The naturalized plants divided into pattern by survey of annual plants ratio is 38 taxa (43.2%) by life form spectrum and perennials is 28 taxa (31.8%), biennials is 19 taxa (21.6%), two trees (Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima) and one shrub (Amorpha furticosa) were founded. According to analysis results form place of origin, Europe covered 26 taxa (37.1%), North America covered 23 taxa (32.8%). Naturalized degree 3 plants, as common but not abundant, founded as 28 taxa (31.8%) were hold most highly ratio, naturalized degree 1 plants founded as 8 taxa (9.1%) were hold lowest. Introduction period 1 covered 39 taxa (44.3%) have had highest score and period 2 covered 16 taxa (18.2%) have had lowest scores. In addition, the urbanization index based on 271 taxa was 32.5% and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia is growing by ecosystem disturbing wild plants. Meanwhile, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia have confirmed into district of introduction in the Byeonsanbando National Park were damage the human body of plants develop an allergy to pollen. Therefore, management counterplan of the sequel of monitoring them might be required, introduction into naturalized plants are grasp of ecological characteristics and systematical management plan from this point of time by require.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.861-881
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• 2023

This study investigated the flora of the Wang-ime oreum located on Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, to basic data for the Jeju Island plant distribution. A total of 366 taxa were found with 94 families, 240 genera, 358 species, 1 subspecies, 6 varieties, and 1 forma. The floristic target species in Korea appeared as 2 taxa of grade V, 13 taxa of grade IV, 46 taxa of grade III, 5 taxa of grade II, and 49 taxa of grade I. There were 14 taxa for naturalized plants. The different plant life forms that appeared were large ground plants (M)(54 taxa), small land plants (N) (52 taxa), epiphyte (E) (6 taxa), indicator plants (Ch) (4 taxa), and semi-aquatic plants (H) (168 taxa), There were 34 and 48 taxa of plants(G) and annuals (Th) respectively. From these results, Wang-ime oreum, which is adjacent to ranches and grasslands, has little artificial interference, as more plants are distributed, and fewer naturalized plants are found than in Suwolbong and Dangsanbong. Accordingly, each oreum plays an important role in the flora of Jeju-do, thus a management plan tailored to the characteristics of the volcano is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.48-59
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• 2014

This study was carried out to present raw data on managing the restored urban stream by studying the naturalized plants distributed in Gaeumjeong Stream, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The results were as follows. The numbers of naturalized plants were summarized as 45 taxa including 17 families, 36 genera, 43 species and 2 varieties. The invasive alien plants were 2 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Lactuca sativa. The following summarizes the attributes of the naturalized plants. Most of the plants commonly originated from Europe and North America. The 5 naturalized degree that was widely distributed and had many individual was the most common. Until 1921, after the opening of 1 period was the most common in the introduced period. Section 12 had the highest NI at 41.9%, and the lowest, at 20.5%, in sections 9 and 19 were analyzed. Section 1 had the highest UI at 6.2%, whereas, the lowest, at 2.5%, was calculated in sections 19 and 20. Section 2 showed the highest DI at 16.7%. The first results of the analysis of the causes for the invasion of naturalized plants on the riverside and waterways, and physical factors and maintenance are directly affected. Second, sewage, muddy water and sediment deposits this naturalized plant caused by a chemical factor. Third, it is thought that invasive alien plants are irregular as it happens in biological factor. The proposed management plan naturalized plants, the first, disturbance caused by species management is a young object is removed immediately before flowering scape to eliminate or suppress the propagation of physical methods will be needed. Second, the fact that the national spread of native plant species and planting management does not provide space for the growth is very important. Third, agricultural land is disturbed by agricultural practices by interfering with the action of naturalized plants because the source of the river should be prohibited in agriculture. In the future, if we studied the naturalized plants distributed in restored streams located in Changwon-si, the characteristics of change in the ecosystem impact is expected to be beneficial.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.59-81
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• 2011

The flora of the Sinpyeong and Churyeong stream were listed 324 taxa; 87 families, 227 genera, 289 species, 1 subspecies, 31 varieties and 3 forms. The Sinpyeong stream were 249 taxa and Churyeong stream were 221 taxa. Based on the rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum were recorded; Penthorum chinense (Crassulaceae), etc. and endemic plants, 6 taxa; Weigela subsessilis (Caprifoliaceae), Lycoris flavescens (Amarylidaceae), etc. Based on the specific plants by floral region were total 12 taxa (3.7% of all 324 taxa of flora); Monochoria korsakowi (Pontederiaceae), etc. in class III. 10 taxa (Salix glandulosa (Salicaceae), Ulmus parvifolia (Ulmaceae), Impatiens noli-tangere (Balsaminaceae), Grewia biloba var. parviflora (Tiliaceae), Nymphoides peltata (Gentianaceae), Actinostemma lobatum (Cucurbitaceae), Cirsium pendulum (Compositae), Microstegium japonicum (Gramineae), etc.) in class I. Based on the naturalized plants, 51 taxa and ecosystem disturbing wild plants, 6 taxa (Rumex acetosella, Sicyos angulatus, Aster pilosus, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, Hypochaeris radicata, Paspalum distichum var. distichum) and naturalization rate was 15.7% of all 324 taxa of flora, urbanization index was 18.8% of all 271 taxa of naturalized plants. Based on the hydrophytes, 23 taxa and emergent hydrophytes were 17 taxa, floating-leaved hydrophytes were 3 taxa, submergent hydrophytes were 2 taxa, free-floating hydrophytes was Spirodela polyrhiza.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.519-538
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• 2010

The vascular plants of Cheonbongsan(608m) and its adjacent regions, located in Boseong-gun, Jeollanam-do were surveyed from March to October 2005. The vascular plants collected 4 times were consisted of total 511 taxa; 104 families, 307 genera, 446 species, 3 subspecies, 56 varieties and 6 formas respectively. Among them, 12 taxa Korean endemic plants and 8 taxa of Korean rare plants were investigated in addition to 46 taxa of specially designated plants announced by the Ministry of Environment. The naturalized plants were 38 taxa, therefore naturalized ratio was 7.4%, higher than naturalized ratio average in Jeollanam-do.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

The vascular plants of the studied area in the Mt. Bangjang was listed 422 taxa : 106 families, 299 genera, 372 species, 1 subspecies, 46 varieties and 3 forms. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 5 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum(Preservation priority order : No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110), Patrinia saniculaefolia (No. 122) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 9 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Prunus yedoensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, Patrinia saniculaefolia. Specific plant species by floral region were total 29 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in class V, 3 taxa(Acer palmatum, Asperula lasiantha, Lonicera subhispida ) in class III, 5 taxa(Lilium distichum, Potentilla dickinsii, Caryopteris incana, Patrinia saniculaefolia, Ligularia fischeri) in class II, 20 taxa(Ulmus parvifolia, Clematis patens, Aconitum jaluense, Ilex macropoda, Grewia biloba var. parviflora etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 13 families, 31 genera, 36 species, 2 varieties, 38 taxa and naturalization rate was 9.0% of all 422 taxa vascular plants. Because of recent rapid increase of cars and people around here, analysis shows many naturalized plants and high naturalized ratio. And wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior have been increasing. So, it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.