• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.605-612
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• 1997

This study is to evaluate the overall NPP(Net Primary Productions distribution in the Korean Peninsula from the satellite data(NOAA/AVHRR). This has been done using the linear relationship between the natural vegetation condition and the NPP. The NPP of natural vegetation increases proportional to the annual net radiation(Rn), where radiative dorless Index(RDI) is a proportional constant connecting Rn to NPP. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) Is used for monitoring vegetation change, and INDVI (Integrated NDVI) for annual analysis. The INDVI has a close relation to .Rn and NPP. which can be used effectively for estimating NPP distribution of where the meteorological data Is unavailable such as North Korea. The NPP distribution of the Korean Peninsula was estimated based on the model.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.396-408
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• 2008

Gwangtan-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do was classified as a 4 grade age-class deciduous tree forest, however as a result of vegetation survey, this site was found to consist of natural forest with deciduous trees, thus causing difficulty in judging which age class it belongs to. Subsequently, the necessity of drawing up a detailed stock map plan was raised. For this reason, this research was designed to propose a mapping method for a detailed stock map plan based on a detailed survey on actual vegetation, vegetation structure, and analysis data on tree rings. The detailed analysis of actual vegetation pattern showed that there exist 22 patterns of vegetation, in which the natural forest has 11 patterns, such as Quercus mongolica forest and Q. variabilis forest, etc. while the artificial forest was found to have 6 patterns including Castanea crenata, etc. In order to verify their age-class, this research measured a tree age by collecting 42 quadrats and 89 specimen tree cores on the basis of a detailed actual vegetation map; as a result, an artificial forest and oak trees with small diameters located at low-lying areas, was categorized as 2-grade age class(covering 29.8%), and other areas were judged to be available for land use as 3-grade age-class(covering 57.6%) while the areas judged to be 4-or-more grade age-class (covering 8.8%) was impossible for land use because they are located on a steep slope ridge line on a boundary. In case a proposed site for a small-scale development is judged as a natural forest with deciduous trees as mentioned above, it is necessary that a detailed stock map plan should be drawn up through a detailed investigation into actual vegetation and analysis of plant gathering structure & specimen trees. A detailed stock map plan includes the data that makes it possible to comprehensively judge natural property, scarcity, and diversity of vegetation; thus, it is considered that a detailed stock map plan will be useful in judging the development propriety of a small-scale site.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1986

The study was emphasized on the applicability of Landsat data for vegetation classification of touch as small natural swamp areas Yujeon natural swamp in Haman-gun through image processing system. The image processing technique which was applied is maximum likelihood method. The classified types on the Landsat image are water, nelumbo, grass, agricultural field and conifer. The computer processed classification was compared the existed data for evaluating the result, but there are some difficulties on the exact comparison between them because of discordance of the temporal resolution. The result, anyhow, is quite remarkable that Landsat MSS data can be used for the quantitative estimates of vegetation type classification in such small area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.145-160
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• 1989

Daehuksan Island (125°23'-125° 28' E and 34°37'-34°42' N, ca 19.7㎢) in the southwestern part of Mokpo, Korea, is a part of the Dadohae National Marine Park. Most of the actual vegetation of the island is substitutional vegetation under various human impact such as grazing, cutting for firewood. And natural vegetation is partially distributed in the tutelary shrine forests, deep valleys, etc. During 1987, phytosociological investigation of this was carried out on the basis of Braum-Blanguet's method. The forest vegetation was classified into 1 association and 7 communities, Camellia japonica, Machilus thunbergii, Ardisio-Castanopsietum sieboldii, Daphniphyllum macropodum-Quercus acuta, Pyrrosia lingua-Pinus densiflora. Rhododendron mucronulatum-Pinus thunbergii, Carpinus coreana, and Psedosasa japonica community. Grassland vegetation was classified into Gleichenia japonica, Gleichenia dichotoma, Arundinella hirta-Miscanthus sinensis, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis. Imperata cylindrica var. koenii Artemisia princeps var. orientalis-Pennisetum alpecuroides, Carex boottiana, and salt marsh vegetation. Thypa orientalis, Spergularia marina, Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia, and Triglochin maritimum community. Based on them, the actual vegetation map was made in 1:50,000 scale.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2005

A good understanding of the interaction between flow, vegetation, and sediment is required for successful river restoration and sustainable flood management. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of available methods to determine flow resistance of natural rivers with vegetation, and discuss the influence of vegetation on erosion and sedimentation processes. Recently, significant advances have been made, but the effects of vegetation on flow and sediment dynamics are still not fully understood. Possible solutions to close the gaps in the current knowledge are suggested, with special focus directed to the determination of the interactive width between main channel and vegetated floodplains, the flow resistance of flexible vegetation with and without leaves, and the flow over submerged vegetation with low water depth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

In support of remote sensing applications for monitoring processes of the Earth system, research was conducted to analyze the basic spectral response related to background soil and vegetation cover characteristics in the visible and reflective infrared wavelengths. Surface samples of seven stations were examined. Five soils were from land-field and two soils from tideland areas. The vegetation cover experiment was conducted on seven soil samples with known natural moisture content (%) by weight. To study the effect of vegetation cover, spectral measurements were taken on five or six vegetation cover treatments of the seven soils with 3 replications in air dry conditions. For collecting RS base data, used spectro-radiometer that measures reflection characteristics between 300~1,100nm was used and measured the reflection of vegetation from bean leaves. The relationships were evaluated for both a general soil line and for the individual lines of five soils, under air-dried condition as well as different vegetation cover ratio, through the determination of the line parameters. As vegetation cover ratio in bean leaves increases, features of soil reflectance decrease and those of plant reflectance become more and more apparent. In proportion to vegetation cover rate, near-infrared reflectance increased and visible reflectance decreased. Analysis results are compared to commonly used vegetation indices(RVI and NDVI ).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.78-89
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze the planting structure and ecological characteristics of greon spaces on the grounds of e Dangjin steam power plant. To achieve these goals, we surveyed existing vegetation, plant community structure, Plant volume and growth rate. Based on e vegetation analysis, existing vegetation was classified into six types: herbaceous species $(70.54\%)$, evergreen coniferous trees $(21.17\%)$, deciduous broad-leaved trees $(5.10\%)$, deciduous coniferous trees $(1.47\%)$, shrubs $(0.12\%)$, and other types $(1.59\%)$. The coal storage, office, and playground areas were community is the natural forest area where a Pinus thunbergii / Pinus densiflora community is distributed in terms of vegetation structure, species diversity, plant volume, and growth rate. The artificial green spaces(near the coal storage, office, playground areas) had a single-layer structure. Species diversity indices of the artificial green areas were $0.1655\~0.4807$ compared to 0.8628 in the natural forest, which presented a good growth environment. Also, the plant volume in the artificial green space was lower than that of the natural green space. Therefore, it would be desirable to develope a multi-layer structure similar to that of the vegetation in the natural green space in order to improve the amount of plant volume. The plant-damage ratio of Pinus thunbergii was $52.48\%$ in the coal storage area, and $8.48\~ 11.52\%$, in the other survey areas. Also, the vitality of Pinus thunbergii was $15.45k{\Omega}$ in the coal storage areas, which indicates bad growing conditions. This suggests that soil characteristics and dust have a bad impact on growth. The investigation into deciduous tres' growth status showed that appropriate plants would be Albizzia julibrissin, Acer palmatum var. sanguineum, Acer palmatum, Malus spp., Prunus sargentii.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.701-710
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the vegetation structure and ecological restoration of disturbed forest due to artificial plant. To this end, 12 plots were set up and surveyed. The result analyzed considering mean importance percentage(M.I.P) showed that the types were divided into three groups which are artificial planted forest type(three plots), natural forest-artificial planted forest type(four plots), natural forest type(five plots). Dominant proportion of artificial planted species were as follows: artificial planted forest type was over 60%, natural forest-artificial planted forest types were 14~49%. The range of Shannon's index of all associations was from 0.7131 to 0.7771(natural forest-artificial planted forest > natural forest > artificial planted forest). Also we suggested restoration method of vegetation for ecological value as follow: Control of density considering step and Remove of Pinus koraiensis seedlings of understory layer and shurb layer.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 1994

Object of this study is to suggest the plan for natural vegetation restoration and management by ecological approach. The concept of biotope planting technique was introduced in order to restore the natural vegetation in the northern part of Mt. Nam in Seoul, and Quercus mongolica forests was surveyed so as to obtain the basic data. This study focused on the vegetational context between northern part of Mt. Nam and develop-reserved site. The results are following ; 1. It is suitable to plant 25~30 trees in $100\m^2$ with trees of DBH 10cm and below at intervals of about 2m in canopy layer. In the case of subtree layer of DBH 2cm, about 30 trees were planted at an Intervals of 1.5~2m around in $100\m^2$. 2. In the last step of nature vegetation restoration, it is desiable that canopy density is $5/100\m^2$ and 녀btree one is 10~20/$100\m^2$. 3. Management plans was proposed to use the native species of Mt. Nam around and to investigate the ecological situation once a year such as species introduce, dead-tree, soil, fauna etc.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.10 no.3 s.24
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is on identifying the restoration guidelines of supplementary village grove and villageside forest in case of Neunggil village in Jinan county of Korea. These forests were managed very well before industrialization by village residents in order to obtain fuels and organic fertilizers traditionally. But recently, these forests were abandoned by using natural gas, oil and chemical fertilizer. Therefore, species diversity of these forests was downward and traditional rural landscape was lost. Accordingly, this study suggested the restoration guidelines of these forests through restoring the relationship between man and nature. For this, vegetation map was made by quadrat method. And management guidelines of these forests were suggested by the analysis of vegetation map. Also, for the restoration of supplementary village grove, Miyawiki professor's method of Yokohama university through introducing potential natural vegetation was suggested.