• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.193-200
• /
• 2016

Male reproductive organs are strongly affected by estrogen signaling mediated via the estrogen receptor. In this study, propyl pyrazole triol (PPT), an estrogen receptor alpha agonist, was subcutaneously injected in adult male mice every 2 days for a total duration of 8, 16, or 24 days. Histological changes in the reproductive organs, including the testes, efferent ductules, and epididymides, were observed. The weight of the reproductive organs decreased in the PPT group. In addition, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules decreased in the PPT group compared with the control group. The epithelial cell height decreased in the initial segment of the epididymis, whereas the luminal diameter increased in the efferent ductules of the PPT group. PPT induced irregular morphology of stereocilia in the luminal region of the initial segment. Therefore, PPT treatment at high concentrations had inhibitory effects in the reproductive organs of adult male mice. These findings suggest that short-term treatment with estrogen receptor agonist causes histological changes in the testes, efferent ductules, and epididymis, which are similar to those caused by estrogen receptor antagonist treatment. Therefore, the estrogen receptor may have functional roles in male reproductive organs, implying that treatment with an estrogen receptor agonist can affect male fertility.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.413-459
• /
• 2008

The Law has intervened to define rare circumstances in which a person should choose continuing life in United States. On the one hand, the law has traditionally acted to preservelife and to respect the sanctity of life. On the other hand, one's control over one's own body, and the right to determine what kind of medical care one will receive, is equally well respected and historically grounded. The competent patients have the right to forgo life-sustaining treatment, courts in United States have left many unanswered questions about the nature of that right. The right to choose to forgo life-sustaining treatment is a manifestation of a patient's autonomy interest. In United States, The Karen Quilan case gave rise to legislative activity in the host of state capitals, and several states had adopted statutes that formally recognized some forms of written directives describing some circumstances in which certain kinds of medical care could be terminated. These statues were sometimes dominated 'living will' acts, sometimes 'right to die' acts and ocasionally 'natural death' acts. Today virtually every state has produced a living will statue. In Korea, courts do not permit a terminally ill person to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment. Living wills apply in case of terminal illness owing to a defect in legislation. Now In Korea, these lively dispute of legal policy on the preconditions and concrete procedure of living will act and natural death act. Through the legislation of living will act and natural death act, we should prepare some circumstances to respect patient's autonomy on the right to die. We should frame the cultural standard to make a decision of forgoing life-sustainin1g treatment under the discreet procedure.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2013

Various antimicrobial technologies have been developed to inactivate bioaerosols in indoor environments. In this study, air filter media were treated with a natural antibacterial agent of Sophora flavescens in order to inactivate the bacteria collected on the air filter. Three treatment methods were applied to manufacture the test antibacterial air filter media: electrospray, nebulization and dip-coating methods. In case of electrospray and nebulization processes, the size distribution of aerosolized natural antibacterial agent was measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer. Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria were aerosolized to test inactivation of the filter media treated with a natural antibacterial agent. The pressure drop and the antibacterial efficiency of the filter media increased with increasing the mass loading of natural antibacterial agent in each treatment method. The antibacterial efficiency per loaded antibacterial agent mass by the electrospray method was the highest and the filter treated by the dip-coating method was the lowest among three treatment methods.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.345-351
• /
• 2006

We have examined the induction of HL-60 cell differentiation by treatment of the water extract of Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum, which is a Korean traditional herbal medicine. It was observed that HL-60 cell proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with various dose of Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum extract. The level of inhibition was identical to those of ATRA-treated cells. Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum extract treatment caused a significant change in NBT reduction (47%) and enhanced ATRA-induced NBT reduction. Treatment of Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum to HL-60 cells increased only CD11 b expression in the cells, and also increased markedly G0/G1 stage arrest. This can suggest that Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum induced the differentiation of HL-60 cell and enhanced ATRA-induced differentiation predominantly along the granulocytic lineage. The results present here show that Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum extract contains the potential effect of differentiation induction or acts as a agent enhancing the induction of differentiation.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2007

This study focused on bean-juice treatment method which have dyeing property to indigo, yellow soil, sappan wood, cochineal and also on the possibility of applying to mordanting. This is different from the active mordanting using chemicals. Natural mordants with development of dyeing are not harmful, also are the medicines for disease. Limestone and ash neutralize the acidic soil. bean-juice protein adhere to cellulose surface and change the physical properties of protein so that coloring of dye is better than before and film non-soluble in water is made. Therefore the color made from bean-juice process lasts after washing. This study try to show one of the ways to improve the current method using the heavy metal which can have bad effects for environment and human being. Bean-juice(raw bean, heated bean) treatment method can be the way to fix the natural dyeing problem of bad dyeing. Bean-juice had been treated under various condition with pre-treatment, post-treatment and raw bean, heated bean. Following results are obtained in this study. In the case of Indigo dyeing, pre-treatment of heated bean shows the biggest difference of color. In the case of yellow soil dyeing, pre-treatment of raw bean-juice shows the biggest gap of color. Pre-treatment of heated bean in sappan wood dyeing case and post-treatment of raw bean show bigger color difference than pre-treatment of raw bean. In cochineal dyeing, raw bean pre-treatment shows the biggest color difference.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.10-19
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The aim of study was to investigate the effect of herbal medicine on obesity and to define which seasonal factor could be utilized to make an obesity treatment program more effective. Methods: Three hundred and forty-four subjects were recruited and data were analyzed for weight, body fat, muscular volume, body fat ratio, body mass index (BMI) change and treatment duration. At first, age classification was performed for the comparisons. Moreover, starting season of treatment was categorized to determine it's influence over the treatment. Results: It was found the administration of herbal medicine could diminish every analyzed fields of entire patients. Compared among age groups, there were no significant differences of all fields. However, the categorization of start season showed significant differences of weight, BMI change and treatment duration. In addition, the analysis of assumed 10% weight loss elicited patients started treatment in spring and winter should spend 12 and 13 weeks and summer would be 9.5 weeks. Conclusions: It was found herbal medicine would be effective for female obesity and expected patients could achieve 5.91 kg weight loss for 65.88 days treatment. Summer group had significant shorter treatment duration and it was presumed summer group had more concentration for achievement. Days required for assumed 10% weight loss was calculated to be 84 days in spring, 67 days in summer, 96 days in winter. Hereafter, further controlled study with more numbers of patients should be needed to determine the goal of medical treatment for obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2002

The rate of sewage treatment in South Korea was 68% in the late 1999. Sewage treatment is mostly made near big cities such as Seoul and Busan, and it is little in rural areas. Wastewater from households goes to streams directly without treatment in rural areas and pollutes streams. It is necessary to improve the progress for treatment of nutrients such as N and P which cause eutrophication in streams and lakes, because sewage treatment system in South Korea focuses on treatment of basic organic matters. Therefore it will contribute to improve discharged water quality if small sewage treatment systems by aquatic plants and microbes are introduced to rural areas where are not connected to local sewage treatment facility. This experiment was conducted to find out the best way using aquatic plants and microbes to purify wastewater from households through individual sewage treatment system. Phragmites communis, Iris pseudoacorus, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Typha orientalis and Oenanthe javanica were used for this experiment. BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were analyzed following standard methods for wastewater. The result shows that wastewater was roughly purified through pebbles and sands, and highly purified through aquatic plants and microbes especially in T-N and T-P. Iris pseudoacorus is the most effective in reduction of COD and BOD level. This system will work even in winter when plants die because microbes will be still working.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 2020

Many articles on operative treatment strategies for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) have been published. On the other hand, there are only a few reports on the conservative treatment of OLT. Understanding the natural history of OLT is essential to establishing the correct treatment. Conservative treatment might lead to comparable clinical outcomes compared to the current options of the operative treatment in isolated OLT lesions. OLT lesions can be divided into two (or possibly three) types. Hence, the prognosis and outcome of certain operative treatments should be evaluated further. The prognosis of OLT combined with instability or malalignment appears poorer than that of isolated OLT lesions. Therefore, concomitant pathologies should be evaluated together when treating patients with OLT.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 1999

The effects of heat treatment on the dimensional stability and bending properties of radiata pine sapwood were investigated. The dimensional stability was almost achieved by heat treatment though the loss of strength was accompanied as a negative effect. The improvement in dimensional stability of wood and the resultant reduction in bending properties were closely related to treatment temperature and duration. The optimum treatment conditions, which could be used to achieve a desired improvement in dimensional stability with resultant losses in modulus of rupture were proposed based on the results obtained in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of nutrient removal due to rapid hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation in small size private sewage treatment facility and to have better effluent quality by using natural zeolite as a coagulant aid. The experiments were conducted by applying different conditions of HRT, coagulant, and zeolite dosages. As an experimental result, $TBOD_{5}$, TSS, and TP removal efficiencies were 64.9%, 94.5%, and 98.8% at co-injection with zeolite. Overall removal efficiencies of $TBOD_{5}$, TSS, and TP have improved 15.7, 28.7, 6.1%, respectively. This result shows that zeolite addition could improve flocculation, increase setting velocity, and thus have better treatment. Therefore the use of zeolite as a coagulant aid can be useful in small size private sewage treatment facility, where especially extra nutrient removal is required to meet the legal standard for discharge.