• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.323-331
• /
• 1996

Predetermination of sex in mammalian species has many aspects of application including the prenatal diagnoses of genetic disorders in humans and sex-selected breeding programs in the animal industry. Embryos sexing can be carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify specific sequences present in the sex chromosomes, or by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of specific probes to the X and Y chromosomes. A 3.3 kb porcine male-specific DNA fragment (pEM39) was cloned previously in our laboratory. In this study, FISH and PCR methods were employed to examine if the pEM39 can be used a sex-specific DNA probes Porcine ovaries were obtained from a local slaughter house and oocytes collected. All oocytes were subjected to in vitro maturation followed by 1n vitro fertilization. Parthenogenetically activated embryos were served as a negative control. Embryonic samples were collected at the 2-cell stages and PCR was performed to analyze DNA. Among 10 embryos examined, four embryos were identified as males and six were females. The cloned male-specific DNA fragment showed male-specificity for the cells in the liver tissue and the porcine early embryos by FISH. It was also demonstrated that the cloned male-specific DNA is localized on the hetero chromatic region of the long arm in the Y chrom-osome (Yq) as shown by the FISH and karyotyping. The results suggest that the cloned male-specific DNA fragment may be useful for predetermination of sex with a few embryonic cells. The porcine male-specific sequence can be a reliable index for embryo sexing by PCR.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.1 s.94
• /
• pp.116-124
• /
• 1999

In most conventional design optimization of dynamic system, design sensitivities are utilized. However, design sensitivities based optimization method has numbers of drawback. First, computing design sensitivities for dynamic system is mathematically difficult, and almost impossible for many complex problems as well. Second, local optimum is obtained. On the other hand, Genetic Algorithm is the search technique based on the performance of system, not on the design sensitivities. It is the search algorithm based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. GA search, differing from conventional search techniques, starts with an initial set of random solutions called a population. Each individual in the population is called a chromosome, representing a solution to the problem at hand. The chromosomes evolve through successive iterations, called generations. As the generation is repeated, the fitness values of chromosomes were maximized, and design parameters converge to the optimal. In this study, Genetic Algorithm is applied to the actual dynamic optimization problems, to determine the optimal design parameters of the dynamic system.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 1997

생쥐의 부정소에서 진행되는 정자 성숙과정 동안의 첨체반응 능력의 변화를 조사하였다. 자발적 첨체반응 및 난포액, 프로게스테론, 또는 A23187에 의해 유발되는 첨체반응은 모두 정자의 성숙에 의존저긍로 일어났다. 두부 부정소의 매우 적은 정자만이 난포액 및 프로게스테론에 반응하여 첨체반응을 일으켰으며 체부 및 미부 부정소간에 첨체반응율에 차이가 없었다. 반면 A23187 처리시 상당수의 두부 부정소 정자가 첨체반응을 진행하였다. 이러한 결과에서 두부 부정소를 거쳐 체부 부정소에 도달한 생쥐 정자는 첨체반응 능력을 획득하여 이 과정에서 정자의 원형질막 표면에서는 첨체반응을 유발하는 물질과 상호작용에 필요한 변화가 진행되는 것으로 사료된다. 반면 정자내로의 $Ca^{2+}$ 유입 후 진행되는 막융합과 첨체내용물의 분비에 필요한 능력은 두부 부정소 정자도 일부 갖고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2012

The safety of human exposure to an ever-increasing number and diversity of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources both at work and at home has become a public health issue. To date, many in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that EMF exposure can alter cellular homeostasis, endocrine function, reproductive function, and fetal development in animal systems. Reproductive parameters reported to be altered by EMF exposure include male germ cell death, the estrous cycle, reproductive endocrine hormones, reproductive organ weights, sperm motility, early embryonic development, and pregnancy success. At the cellular level, an increase in free radicals and $[Ca^{2+}]i$ may mediate the effect of EMFs and lead to cell growth inhibition, protein misfolding, and DNA breaks. The effect of EMF exposure on reproductive function differs according to frequency and wave, strength (energy), and duration of exposure. In the present review, the effects of EMFs on reproductive function are summarized according to the types of EMF, wave type, strength, and duration of exposure at cellular and organism levels.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2020

This study aims to develop the fuzzy risk assessment model of the debris flow to verify the accuracy of risk assessment in order to help related organizations reduce losses caused by landslides. In this study, actual cases of landslides that occurred are utilized as the database. The established models help us assess the occurrence of debris flows using computed indicators, and to verify the model errors. In addition, comparisons are made between the models to determine the best one to use in practical applications. The results prove that the risk assessment model systems are quite suitable for debris flow risk assessment. The reproduction consequences of highlight point discovery are shown in highlight guide coordinating toward discover steady and coordinating component focuses and effectively identified utilizing these two systems, by examining the variety in the distinguished highlights and the element coordinating.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2003

Genetic algorithm is a optimization technique based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. Global optimum solution can be obtained efficiently by operations of reproduction, crossover and mutation in genetic algorithm. The authors developed a computer program which can optimize marine propulsion shafting by using binary-coded genetic algorithm and modal analysis method. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the developed computer program, we apply the program to a optimum design problem which is to obtain optimum diameters of intermediate shaft and propeller shaft in marine propulsion shafting. Objective function is to minimize total mass of shafts and constraints are that torsional vibration stresses of shafts in marine propulsion shafting can not exceed the permissible torsional vibration stresses of the ship classification society. The computational results by the program were compared with those of conventional design technique.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2006

The word "soundscape" proposed by Canadian composer R. Murray Schafer is now became very popular. So various soundscape design based on soundscape idea are carried on worldwide for acoustic ecology. Also in Korea, several soundscape design were made for the public spaces such as river, park and bridge but, basic concept behind soundscape design was not reflected and studied sufficiently. In that sense, this study aims to arrange the concept of soundscape design process and to review the design proposals of Gwangju River. In this process, the reproduction concept of soundscape, natural sound, light with sound, cultural and historical sound and etc. were classified and the final design was proposed to recover the natural environment and harmonize the sound with surroundings as creative soundscape.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.351-359
• /
• 2017

Implantation is a highly organized process that involves an interaction between a receptive uterus and a competent blastocyst. In humans, natural fecundity suggests that the chance of conception per cycle is relatively low (~30%) and two-third of lost pregnancies occur because of implantation failure. Defective implantation leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes including infertility, spontaneous miscarriage, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. With use of advanced scientific technologies, gene expression analysis and genetically-engineered animal models have revealed critical cellular networks and molecular pathways. But, because of ethical restrictions and the lack of a mechanistic experiment, comprehensive steps in human implantation have still not been completely understood. This review primarily focuses on the recent advances in mechanisms of implantation. Because infertility is an emerging issue these days, gaining an understanding the molecular and hormonal signaling pathway will improve the outcome of natural pregnancy and assisted reproductive technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.42-42
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the Hwangsu spring as natural mordants effect on dyeing. The natural mordants effect of Hwangsu spring were analyzed by pH, temperature, trace elements, organic matter and color fastness. Hwangsu spring having pH 2.42 and $14.4^{\circ}C$ was harvested at the end of September, in Yeongcheon (Gyeongbuk Province, Korea) and left on a $0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ before use. Hwangsu spring during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ turned brown by photochemical reaction. The Result of ICP analysis, it contained Fe(414.9 ppm), Al(88.9 ppm), Mn(4.9 ppm) and observed character by water analysis. Dyeing and post-mordant procedure; Cotton(KS K 0905) were dyed with clove powder for 30 min at $70^{\circ}C$. Hwangsu spring, Aluminium Sulfate $14-18H_20(Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14-18H_2O)$, Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) were used by post mordant at the same ratio. The dyed fabrics were treated with 20% each mordant solution at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10min. Comparison with a reproduced chemical mordant, the K/S values of cotton fabrics dyed with Hwangsu sping were increased.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 2021

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is routinely used in the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles to increase the number of retrieved mature oocytes. However, the relationship between repeated COH and ovarian function is still controversial. Therefore, we investigated whether repeated ovarian stimulation affects ovarian aging and function, including follicular development, autophagy, and apoptosis in follicles. Ovarian hyperstimulation in mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Mice subjected to ovarian stimulation once were used as a control group and 10 times as an experimental group. Repeated injections with PMSG and hCG significantly reduced the number of primary follicles compared to a single injection. The number of secondary and antral follicles increased slightly, while the number of corpus luteum increased significantly with repeated injections. On the other hand, repeated injections did not affect apoptosis in follicles associated with follicular atresia. The expression of autophagy-related genes Atg5, Atg12, LC3B, and Beclin1, cell proliferation-related genes mTOR, apoptosis-related genes Fas, and FasL was not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, the expression of the aging-related genes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and AMH were also not significantly different. In this study, we demonstrated that repeated ovarian stimulation in mice affects follicular development, but not autophagy, apoptosis, aging in ovary. These results suggest that repetition of COH in the IVF-ET cycle may not result in ovarian aging, such as a decrease in ovarian reserve in adult women.