• 한국조경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2007

Ecotourism has a concept of conservation as a basis, for economic and social values are derived from the sustainable use of natural resources. This study aims to introduce natural landscape of the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland and to describe its conservation and tourism in the Park, in order to provide the implication of landscape conservation of National Parks in Korea. Although the National Parks of Scotland were officially established long after those of England and Wales, their important features had already been internationally recognised and designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest(SSSI), National Nature Reserve(NNR), or National Scenic Area(NSA). These focus on landscape conservation and are managed by Scottish Natural Heritage(SNH). The Cairngorms National Park focuses on landscape conservation and recreation, and has been the subject of a number of initiatives attempting to assess landscape resource potential and its current and future management. This implies that a carefully preserved landscape has the effect of a tourism resource in which tourists look for novelty embedded in the typicality of the landscape of the National Park. The typical landscape which is conserved in the Cairngorms National Park is understood as both an objective representative and a subjective ideal involving the meaning of the landscape. This is implicit in the tourist booklet that promotes the sightseeing activities of tourists. It is thus important that National Parks should be focused both on managing landscape as well as promoting tourism.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2006

Ecopark enables sustainable use of natural resource and can be used as a place for site-based environmental education as well as for recreation. This study investigated the opinion for the development of ecopark and ecological education program of ecopark. Nine hundred and fifteen (918) students, 388 teachers, 341 adults, 200 administrators of district education offices, and 40 administrators of environmental offices participated in this survey with a response rate of 89.7%. Results of this survey indicated the followings are needed to develop ecopark : natural resources and facilities, ecological educational program and its operation, human resource and professional development, and cooperation system with educational and environmental offices. On the basis of these results, the way of improvement was discussed and proposed.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2016

세검정 일대는 조선시대에 절경을 찾아 풍류활동을 한 당시 선비들이 즐겨 방문하였던 곳이다. 세검정을 중심으로 이루어진 전통사회의 행락문화는 경관과 인간의 활동이 상호작용하여 만들어낸 문화경관이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 첫째, 고서, 지도 등의 자료를 통하여 세검정이 복원되기 이전, 당시 선비들이 세검정을 중심으로 어떠한 행락활동을 즐겼는지를 밝혀냈다. 둘째, 세검정 일대의 주된 경관요소들을 추출함으로써 선비들이 주변 자연경관과 상호작용하며 향유한 당시 세검정의 문화경관을 파악하였다. 관련 기록을 통해 탕춘대 및 연융대 바위를 세검정 일대로 포함시키고, 이 일대에서 이루어진 주요 행락을 유람, 조망, 시 서 화 창작, 모임으로 구분하였다. 그리고 세검정의 경관이 정자를 중심으로 근경의 시냇물, 너럭바위, 돌, 소나무숲 및 원경의 탕춘대와 연융대 바위 등의 경관요소로 이루어졌음을 확인하였다. 이를 종합한 결과, 세검정 일대에는 아름다운 자연경관을 찾아 떠나 온 유람, 시원한 폭포가 흐르는 개천을 향해 세워진 정자에서의 조망, 자연경관에서 받은 감동을 읊거나 그린 창작활동, 너럭바위(차일암)에서의 연회 및 탕춘대에서의 모임 등의 문화경관이 형성되었음을 파악하였다. 이로써 세검정 일대가 조선시대 선비들이 지속적으로 찾는 유관의 장소이며, 유람의 거점이자 문인과의 교류 및 국가적 모임의 장으로 중요한 역할을 하였음이 확인된다. 이는 세검정 일대를 이루는 자연경관에 인간의 활동이 적극적으로 반영된 문화경관으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 풍토와 정서를 바탕으로 이루어진 행락공간의 문화경관을 이해하는 자료로서 의의가 있다.

• 한국산림휴양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2018

본 연구는 전라북도 전주시 건지산 이용객의 일반적 특성과 건지산 산림치유의 인식, 구간별 선호프로그램 등을 조사하여 양질의 산림치유 프로그램을 개발에 기초출처로 제공할 목적으로 수행되었다. 설문 분석결과, 건지산은 도시숲으로 전주 도시민의 여가와 휴식의 자연공간으로 많이 이용되고 있다. 이용객의 산림치유 프로그램 선택 시 가장 중요한 요인은 프로그램의 활동 내용, 구성, 시간순이었으며, 주요 목적은 건강증진이 가장 많았다. 산림치유 프로그램의 운영관리로는 주말을 활용한 주별 프로그램이 선호하였다. 운동프로그램은 자연경관 감상, 체험프로그램은 숲 체험, 치유프로그램은 숲속음악치유, 명상프로그램은 삼림욕, 교육프로그램은 숲속음악 듣기를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과가 건지산 이용객의 육체적, 정신적, 심리적 건강의 회복을 도모하는 양질의 건지산 일대 산림치유 프로그램 개발 및 연구를 위한 기초출처로 활용될 것으로 판단된다. 한편 구간별 선호프로그램 대상지로 특정 지역이 중복되어 선호도에 따른 적합한 산림치유 프로그램 구성의 한계점은 향후 건지산에 대한 산림치유프로그램의 지속적, 연속적 통합적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the ecosystem service and benefit indicators of natural seaweed beds. Ecosystems of natural seaweed beds provide a wide range of services and benefits to human society including provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services, and cultural services. Indicators for each of the ecosystem services are chosen by marine plants ecologists and as follows. Ecosystem indicators of natural seaweed beds for provisioning services are well-being food(amount of seaweed harvested/amount of fish landed, fish biomass, area of natural seaweed beds, the number of species, contribution to the second production), raw materials(amount of biomass by breed, amount of aquaculture feed), genetic resources(amount of genetic material extracted, amount of genetic material contained by age and habitat), and medicinal resources(amount of medicinal material extracted). Ecosystem indicators of natural seaweed beds for regulating services are air purification(amount of fine dust/NOx or $SO_2$ captured), climate regulation(amount of $CO_2$ sequestered), waste treatment(amount of N, P stored, biochemical degradation capacity COD), and costal erosion prevention(length and change of natural coast line, amount of sediment prevented). Ecosystem indicators of natural seaweed beds for supporting services are lifecycle and maintenance(primary production, contribution to the second production) and gene pool protection(amount of compositional factors in ecosystem, introduced species). Ecosystem indicators of natural seaweed beds for cultural services are recreation and tourism(the number of visits of an area) and information for cognitive development(amount of time spent in education, research and individual learning about ecosystem of natural seaweed beds).

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-55
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• 1993

The importance of urban and regional natural park increases because of the needs for preserving the natural resources and providing with natural recreation space in nature. This planning of natural park management should be established based on the research of the various natural resources in the park. But for the lack of effective data synthesizing methods and concepts, only some restricted factors for zoning plan are considered even though GIS computer system for large complex simulation is used. Therefore, in this study three ecological zoning models such as Basic Factor Model (BFM), Visual Landscape Model (VLM) and Comprehensive Ecological Model (CEM) are proposed and applied to Byounsan Peninsula Nature Park(BPNP) for comparison with the current natural park zoning. The BFM has three components -elevation, slope and vegetation. The VLM has applied with six components -elevation, slope, vegetation, road type, and the visual distance. Finally the CEM's modelling factors have included all of BFM, VLM components are added with the land use type, nature and historic resource factors. The zoning concept of BPNP was based on "Minimization" focused on the specific factors. But introduced modelling concept is "Optimization" based on the total ecological environment. So the result of the modelling has larger area for preservation and development zoning compared with the current zoning whose characteristics are ambiguous which allows the environmental destruction. The future study issues will be the determination of the weighting factor, component reconsideration based on the ground truth data and the agriculture residential area zoning.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1987

This study was executed to measure the user\`s impact natural environment in National Park Campsite. Therefore, we choose Mt. Chiak National Park and the campsite in the district of Temple Ku-Ryong as a model of analysis, which is made by ecological approach, the number of the user has influence on the environment near the campsite. The result are as follows : 1. The more the number of users becomes, the more Na, Ca, Mg ion concentration and pH in the soil increase and the less K ion becomes. 2. Litter and humus depth, litter coverage, herb coverage, soil hardness, the surface of the ground layer and tree species numbers, density and coverage of lower layer shows a sensitive reaction to the number of the users. 3. The research shows that the tolerant trees against campsite impact are Lespedeza maximowiczii, Zanthoxylum schinifolium Staphylea bumalda, Smilax sieboldii, Quercus aliena, Euonymus oxyphyllus, Weigela subsessilis and Securinega suffruticosa, and the sensitive trees are Stephanandra incisa, Rubus trichocarpa, Rubus crataegifolius, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Styrax obassia, Acer palmatum, Lindera obtusiloba, Rhododendron suhlippenbachii, Rhus japonica and Callicarpa japonica. 4. The high density of the users made the simplication of a vegetation structure. So, as the number of the user increase the species showed severe heterogeniety between the heavy-use and nonuse site. 5. As considering the landscape management about campsite and surrounding area on the way of analysis of national landscape aspect and succession sere according to ecological aspect, it may be desirable that Pinus densiflora forest be conserved as Pinus densiflora landscape and mixed forest produce natural scenery with succession sere.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine residents' consciousness for urban parks and green spaces in the city of Daejeon. This work enables us to find new implementation factors to increase resident's satisfaction of urban parks and green spaces. This study surveyed 1005 residents from 80dongs(neighborhoods), of 5 Gu(districts) districts in Daejeon. The survey was conducted with a structurally organized questionnaire and objective materials. The data collected from participants of the survey were summarized as follows. Daejeon residents want more natural parks and neighborhood parks than other urban facilities as recreation facilities. The favorite places in which Daejeon residents visit are Bomun Mountain, Gap River, Geajock Mountain, and Yudeon River, in order. In landscape scenery of Daejeon, residents prefer Daedeck research complex area than others and they felt that urban landscape scenery is more improved than 5 years ago. Also they want to increase the area of park and green space about 4times more than present. The result shows that the importance index of park and green space is 8.7 and the satisfaction index is 5.42. These results suggests that the demand by residents for urban park and green spaces will improve as the urban structure is improved.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.79-97
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to analyze a causal model determining social carrying capacity(SCC) in natural parks, to answer the research question: What is the mechanism for determining SCC in natural parks (NP)\ulcorner After reviewing the literature on SCC and recreation activities in Korean natural parks, we constructed a conceptual framework and formulated the hypothesis of this research. We obtained data through a questionnaire which surveyed 487 visitors at 6 of the 73 NP in Korea during 2001, based on a stratified sampling method. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistical methods, the mean difference test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and path analysis method. We found that 1) The direct effect of resources, activity space(AS), visitor's expectation(VE), encounter, crowding, damage of resources(DR), maintenance condition of resources and facility(MCRF) to SCC are 3.45, 3.62, 2.75, 2.72, 1.32, and 4.77 times more important than that of crowding, respectively, while the indirect effect of resources, AS, VE, encounter, and DR to SCC is 13.03, 11.19, 3.34, 1.3, 2.05, 1.10, 0.05 and 2.30 times more important then that of crowding, respectively, 2) Causal effects of resources, facility, AS, VE, number of visitors(NV), encounter, crowding, VM, DR, and MCRF to SCC turned out to have 0.3523, 0.3321, 0.1751, 0.1465, 0.0307, 0.0762, 0.0604, -0.0510, -0.1177 and 0.2165, respectively, and 3) The causal effect of activity base(AB) and activity atmosphere(AA) to SCC turned out to have 2.57 and 1.1 times higher than that of MCRF, respectively. The research results suggest that 1) this conceptual framework is highly useful for the development of substantive theory and methodology; 2) management issues of AA and MCRF turned out to have 0.81 times in SCC that of AB, i.e, SCC can be significantly improved from control of AA and MCRF; and 3) supply of excellent resources and convenient facilities is needed to increase social carrying capacity. It is recommended that more empirical studies be performed in the future according to the season, visitor characteristics, and AS by NP.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.18-35
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• 2009

Distribution of vascular plants in Yangyang-gun were investigated 12 times from Apr. to Sept., 2008. In the result of survey, the flora of this area consist of 412 taxa totally; 89 families, 259 genera, 366 species, 5 subspecies, 37 varieties and 4 forms. There were remarkable plants such as 11 taxa of Korean endemic plants, 58 taxa of specific plants which were designated by the Ministry of Environment, 2 taxa of endangered plants of Ministry of Environment, 7 taxa of rare, endangered plants of Korea Forest Service and 28 taxa of afforestation plants and 296 taxa of useful plants. Furthermore, 36 taxa of naturalized plants (8.74%) were also observed in this area. Vegetation of investigated area was conserved well. However, vegetation has been destroyed rapidly due to construction of commercial complex for human recreation such as condominiums and stores. Therefore, it is need to efficient management of the water quality and vegetation by conservation strategies from huge visitors.