• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.2 s.87
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

The pigment extraction of Opuntia ficus-indica has been conducted to develop useful natural dyes in place of synthetic dyes which are suspected to bring serious environmental pollutions. The dyeing ability on wool fabric by addition of ascorbic acid and several mordants were investigated by means of color measurement. In addition, the fastness of washing, perspiration, rubbing, light, dry cleaning, effect on bacterial reduction and UV-B protection were also investigated. From these investigation, it is suggested that the pigment extracted from Opuntia ficus-indica can be used as a source of natural dyes and the obtained result are as follows. 1. Maximum absorption band (${\lambda}max$) of Opuntia ficus-indica extract is 533nm. 2. The wool fabric dyed with Opuntia ficus-indica extract has stable color by the addition of ascorbic acid and is achieved with addition of 0.1% ascorbic acid, 0.5% several mordant, and three repeated dying at $50^{\circ}C$ for 1.5hr. 3. The wash fastness of the dyed wool fabric when it is washed with neutral detergent is more effective than alkaline detergent. The dry cleaning fastness of the dyed wool fabric is more excellent. In addition, the perspiration fastness of the dyed wool fabric is increased by mordanting method. And than the rubbing fastness of the dyed wool fabric is showed excellent under dryness and wetness. Light fastness of the dyed wool fabric, however is showed inferiority. 4. The wool fabric dyed with Opuntia ficus-indica extract is showed effective bacterial reduction and UV-B protection is increased remarkably.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2012

Excavated textiles provide very important research data on the costume culture of the Joseon dynasty. In particular, dyed textiles are indispensable for textile conservation research and for restoration of remains as well as for general costume culture research. Unfortunately, a prolonged burial environment causes the colors to change and gradually fade after excavation. Therefore, it is very difficult to identify the original color. In this study, natural dyed samples of red, yellow, purple and blue were prepared and analyzed using HPLC-PDA. Dyes of colorants extracted from excavated textile remains were analyzed by HPLC. In addition, mordants were analyzed using (SEM-EDX) in order to estimate the original color. The 16~17th Century's three samples were analyzed, sample 1, and 2 from Eunjin Song's Song Mun-Chang excavated at the Songchon-dong in Daejeon, and sample 3 from Yeosan Song's Song, Hee-Jong excavated at the Mokdal-dong in Daejeon. From the HPLC results, alizarin, purpurin, and indigo were detected on sample 1, alizarin and purpurin on sample 2, ellagic acid and indigo on sample 3. Therefore they were dyed with madder and indigo (sample 1), madder (sample2), pomagranted and indigo (sample 3). Al mordant was identified on three samples.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.199-205
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• 2021

This study was done to evaluate the dermatoxicity of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and the protective effect of Rubus parvifolius L. (RP) extract on cytotoxicity of ZnSO4, mordant in cultured SK-MEL-3 cells. For this study, it was done an antioxidative effect as DPPH-radical scavenging ability as well as the diminutive ability of total melanin with cell viability. ZnSO4 significantly decreased cell viability in dose-dependently, and it was mid-toxic. The ascorbic acid significantly increased cell viability damaged by ZnSO4-induced cytotoxicity. In the protective effect of RP extract on ZnSO4-induced cytotoxicity, RP extract significantly increased cell viability compared with ZnSO4-treated group, and also it showed both the DPPH-radical scavenging ability and the decrease of total amount of melanin. From these findings, the cytotoxicity of ZnSO4 is correlated with oxidative stress, and also RP extract effectively protected ZnSO4-induced cytotoxicity via antioxidative effect such as DPPH-radical scavenging ability with the whitening effect by the decrement of total amount of melanin. Conclusively, the natural ingredients like RP extract may be a useful agent for the improvement of antioxidative and whitening effects

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.90-98
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to estimate natural dyeing properties of Korean traditional paper (Hanji). Korean traditional paper, which made from bleached bast fiber pulp of Broussonetia kazinoki was used as base paper. As dyestuffs, hot water extractives of Phellodendron amurense bark, Rosa multiflora leaf and stalk, and Rubia cordifolia root and methanol extractives of Lithospermum erytrorhizon root were used. $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $Fe(OH)(CH_3COO)_2$ 0.5% solution were used as mordant. Soybean juice (10%), chitosan (0.1%), and skim milk (2%) solutions were used as auxiliary dyeing agents. Accelerated aging treatments of natural dyed Korean traditional papers were undergone at following conditions: exposure temperature, $80^{\circ}C$ relative humidity, 60%; wavelength, 340 nm; UV irradiance, $0.67W/m^2/nm$ exposure time, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Colors, color difference, and color fastness were examined for estimation of natural dyeing characteristics. The auxiliary dyeing agents treated Korean traditional papers were more superior the dyeing effectiveness about dyestuffs than untreated Korean traditional papers. The dyeing effectiveness of soybean juice treated Korean traditional paper was superior to the others. The color fastness of Korean traditional paper, which was dyed with Rubia cordifolia root extractives, was most inferior to the others.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of pruned branch of a peach tree as natural dyeing material. The dyestuff was extracted from pruned branch of a peach tree. we examined the dyeing ability on silk and cotton fabrics. The surface color of silk fabrics differed depending on mordants. E values in treatments of mordants ranged from 11.63 to 30.86 as compared to non-treatment. Dyeing properties of cotton fabrics were improved with a treatment of sulfate of iron as compared with of non-treatment. The values a increased when the slaked lime and sodium hydroxide were used as mordants, while the values b increased when copper sulfate, alum and apple vinegar were used. We investigated the surface colors of silk and cotton fabrics after washing three times. In general, the surface colors of silk and cotton fabrics between the treatments of all mordants and non-treatment were diminished by the washing. We also investigated the surface colors of silk and cotton fabrics when those were washed and treated by the light after soaking those into various pH solutions. The surface colors of silk and cotton fabrics were considerably preserved by the washing, the light and pH concentration. In conclusion, our results suggest that the dyestuffs from pruning branch of a peach tree would be useful as a natural dyeing material using the optimized conditions for silk and cotton dyeing.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Natural dyeing has traditionally been used in many countries around the world, and as natural dyes are diversified, the diversity of dyeing patterns is also expanding. This study tried to establish standardization by providing numerical values that could provide quantified information to the Internet of Things by more accurately analyzing the color changes of dyes and mordants for the four natural dyes. The addition of copper acetate, iron II sulfate and potassium dichromate to the dye extracted from Juglans regia Linn changed the original color of brown to other colors of purple, khaki and dark brown, respectively. Except for potassium dichromate added to Sophora japonica L. or Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht, the concentration of other mordants was reduced, but the color difference of the dyed silk was very large. However, although there is a difference in degree, copper acetate and iron sulfate induced color changes of 35% and 15%, respectively. In summary, it was confirmed that the highest color change was induced when 15 grams of copper acetate was added to J. regia Linn, S. japonica L. and P. amurense Ruprecht and 150 grams of iron to Phytolacca americana. The results of this study suggested that the accurate color change by various mordants can be utilized as important information that enables more accurate color induction by dyes and mordants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.527-533
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• 2017

As the clothing industry has advanced, dyeing technologies using various dyes have been developed. In recent years, interest in natural pigments has been increasing because of the negative impact of synthetic pigment on human health; therefore, development and application of microbial pigments is demanded. In this study, the dyeing effects on multifiber fabrics and biological activity were assessed using violet natural pigment from the marine bacterium, Microbulbifer sp. PPB12. The violet pigment produced by cultivation of Microbulbifer sp. PPB12 using Marine broth 2216 for 3 days was extracted using ethanol. Once dissolved in 20% ethanol, the violet pigment could be used to dye bleached cotton, diacetate, and especially polyamide. The optimal temperature, time, pH, and bath ratio under the dyeing conditions were $80^{\circ}C-90^{\circ}C$, more than 1 hour, pH 4-6, and 1:25, respectively. The mordant treatment was more suitable for color expression when $Na_2SO_4$ was used after 10 minutes of dyeing, but no significant difference was observed from untreated samples. The violet pigment also showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. The results of the present study indicate that the marine bacterial pigment could be an alternative for textile dyeing as a natural dye with antibacterial activity.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

This study was carried out to make a search for the usefulness of marigold plants (Tagetes erecta) as a natural dye. And we have also examined into the dyeability and antifungal activity of silk and cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant and 1% liquid colorant. Almost surface colors of silk and cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant and that dyed with 1% liquid colorant except for that treated Cu and Fe with mordants were shown by Y-level. $L^*$ values of silk fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant were 66.2 to 86.39, those $a^*$ values were -1.97 to 6.09, and those $b^*$ values were 13.69 to 35.97. And $L^*$ values of cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant were 78.97 to 89.62, those a values were -3.39 to 0.38, and those $b^*$ values were 5.63 to 15.61 $L^*$ values of silk fabrics dyed with 1% liquid colorant were 34.37 to 85.57, those a values were -7.79 to 12.33, and those $b^*$ values were 15.13 to 82.91, And $L^*$ values of cotton fabrics dyed with 1% liquid colorant were 44.12 to 87.90, those $a^*$ values were -8.37 to 6.18, and those $b^*$ values were 11.65 to 78.87. Colorfastness of silk fabrics against light treated nothing with mordants and that dyed with 1% liquid colorant decreased for a little by second grade, however, that against washing, rubbing, perspiration and dry cleaning were increased over fourth grade. Colorfastness of cotton fabrics in terms of rubbing, light, and dry cleaning, except for washing and perspiration, were shown by over third grade, when that was treated nothing with mordants. Antifungal activities of silk fabrics treated nothing with mordants and dyed with 1% liquid colorant of marigold extracts were shown by 28.9% against Staphylococcus aureus. However, those of Al, Ca, Cu and tartaric acid mordanting were more than 25.5% against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of pruned branch of a peach tree as natural dyeing material. The dyestuff was extracted from pruned branch of a peach tree. we examined the dyeing ability on silk and cotten fabrics. The surface color of silk fabrics differed depending on mordants. E values in treatments of mordants ranged from 11.63 to 30.86 as compared to non-treatment. Dyeing properties of cotten fabrics were improved with a treatment of sulfate of iron as compared with of non-treatment. The values a increased when the slaked lime and sodium hydroxide were used as mordants, while the values b increased when copper sulfate, alum and apple vinegar were used. We investigated the surface colors of silk and cotten fabrics after washing three times. In general, the surface colors of silk and cotten fabrics between the treatments of all mordants and non-treatment were diminished by the washing. We also investigated the surface colors of silk and cotten fabrics when those were washed and treated by the light after soaking those into various pH solutions. The surface colors of silk and cotten fabrics were considerably preserved by the washing, the light and pH concentration. In conclusion, our results suggest that the dyestuffs from pruning branch of a peach tree would be useful as a natural dyeing material using the optimized conditions for silk and cotten dyeing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.874-881
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• 2013

Dansam (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Labiatae family and is characterized by red pigment found in the epidermis of its roots. Research on the dyeability of Dansam extract was performed with repeated trials under various conditions such as temperature, time, and mordant treatment. Silk fabrics were dyed with Dansam extract and mordanted with various agents such as Al, Fe, Cu, and Sn to evaluate the dyeability and functionality of Dansam extract; subsequently, the K/S value and the change of surface color were analyzed using a colorimeter. In addition, the dyeability of dyed fabrics (such as color fastness to washing, dry cleaning fastness, rubbing fastness and light fastness) and functionality (such as antibacterial activity and deodorization) were analyzed. The surface colors of all dyed fabrics were recorded and the results showed the presence of mostly YR series of colors; in addition, a GY color series appeared in the Fe pre-mordants of the silk fabric. The highest K/S values were recorded in Fe post-mordants. The washing fastness were Level 3 and Level 4; in addition, the dry-cleaning fastness showed excellent results at Level 4 and Level 5. The rubbing fastness was satisfactory at Level 3 and Level 4 and the light fastness was satisfactory at Level 4. The results of the measurements (that pertained to the antibacterial activity of fabrics dyed with Dansam extract) showed a 99.9% bacteria reduction rate of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In regards to deodorization ability, dyed fabrics were found to have higher deodorization rates than those not dyed. The dyed fabric demonstrated exceptional deodorization qualities.