• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.128-134
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• 2013

This study investigated the natural adhesives for ceramics conservation that can be used as a substitution for synthetic resins. Samples were prepared by mixing lacquer with animal glue and the structure and adhesion properties of the samples were analyzed. The structure analysis with FT-IR showed that carbonyl (C=O), amine (N-H) and aromatic (C=C) bonds are increased by adding animal glue on lacquer. Comparing to the viscosity and tensile strength of the sample to the Paraloid B-72 and Araldite rapid type, these natural adhesives can be a substitution for the synthetic resins. Through methodical and intensive study, we expect practical uses of this eco-friendly natural adhesives for ceramics conservation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2010

A number of dinosaur tracksites located at southern coast of the Korean Peninsula have continuously been damaged by sea-waves and weathering. To protect the dinosaur tracksites from the damage permanently and safely, we need to develop conservation programs as well as to collect data documenting the sites. We specifically applied digital photogrammetry to extensively record and document dinosaur tracks in the Namhae Gain-ri tracksite (Natural Monument No. 499) and were able to obtain 3D images data with it. The data of 3D images enable us to produce permanent documentation and preservation of the morphology of dinosaur tracks and tracksites. Moreover the weathering rate on time can be numerically analyzed by periodic measurements of the dinosaur tracksite and comparison of those measurements. The 3D modeling techniques also can be used in various ways including analyzing morphology of tracks, duplicating replicas for museum exhibitions, and posting the results on the Internet homepage.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.31
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• pp.103-120
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• 2010

Most of the important stone cultural heritage (National treasures and Treasures) in Korea are mainly located outdoor and considerably affected by the changes of the temperature, humidity and rainfalls. 541 of the stone cultural heritage are preserved as National treasure and Treasure. The pagodas occupy 187 remains and next 127 Buddha statues, 68 monuments, 60 stupas, and the others 74 stone cultural heritages. The shelter has been installed for one pagoda, 60 Buddha statues, 36 monuments and two stupas. The shelters are categorized in three shapes as traditional shape, modern shape, and others (tradition+modern). Approximately 100 of shelters that have constructed in traditional ways, and about nine of shelters have modern ways, and the only one has the combination shape of tradition and modern, which has been constructed since mid 1900s and repaired from the 1980s~2000s. Many researchers are studying for improvement of manners such as repairing, remodeling or removing of the shelter because problems have occured on shelters. Architectural form of traditional style of Korean timber building is respected, but it has problems on importing natural sunlight to the inside as well as ventilation and spacial problems. However, it needs to supplement policies to improve the positive roles of shelters such as prevention of artificial damage, blocking acid rain, and so on. For instance, the rock-carved Buddha Triad in Seosan, it had problems with viewing, contamination, and dew condensation on the surface. These problems decreased after dismantling the shelter, the space was made for improvement of viewing and dew condensation, and moisture problems were in better conditions. The velocity wind is an important factor in drying conditions on the surface of the rock, therefore the condition has improved after dismantling the shelter.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.30
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• pp.125-136
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• 2009

Stone cultural heritages in Korea have a severe damages from chemical and biological weathering because most of them have been situated in outdoors without any suitable protection systems, and this in turn causes deformation and structural damage. To counteract these problems and increase durability, various kinds of conservation materials are used in the conservation and restoration treatments. However until now there are not many practical and technological experiments on this subject. This paper attempts quantitative evaluation of effectiveness about chemical of ethylsilicate based resin for sandstone in Yeongyang-gun. It takes a long time to evaluate durability and side effect after conservation materials treatment. So we use artificial weathering through freezing§ thawing experimental method. As a result of this experiment, porosity and absorptance increased, and elastic wave speed, elastic modules, unconfined compression strength and tensile strength decreased more than before. This study plans to make a scientific method study about weathering factor and mechanism, and to deduce correlation between artificial weathering and natural weathering.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.20
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• pp.121-137
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• 1999

Among pigment used at work of Dan-Chung, Emerald Green is specific illuminating fluorescent light of green. It is very difficult to change other organic or inorganic pigment. All of the internal high class pigment has rare light. But Emerald Green is superior to fresh color and stability out of industrial chemical products. It forms over 50% of quantity and importance of a pattern painting. Emerald Green prohibited to produce because of its toxicpollutants, so required to changing pigment development. It is characterized to excellent color, convenient work, economical, against-sunlight, against-air pollutant and durability. The result of a test is follows; 1. We are investigated into producing internal natural Emerald Green, import external pigment and industrial synthesis method etc. but unable to buy because of its toxic pollutant. 2. We are made six samples by yellowish and green is hpigment mixing. We tested on against sunlight and air pollutant. The best mixing ratio is follows. Titanium Dioxide R760 : 18g- Chalk, White Wash : 10g- Permanent Yellow : 7g- Cyanine Green : 8g- Chrome Yellow : 3g- Resin(Vehicle) : Acryl Emulsion(Styrene + 2-Ethyl HexylAcrylate + Methyl Meth Acrylate) 8%

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to manufacture colored Hanji for interior materials by combining color therapy and natural dyeing. To manufacture colored Changhoji for interior materials, seven species of dyestuff were selected as a results of preliminary natural dyeing. As mordants, 0.5% $AlK(SO_4)_2{\cdot}12H_20$ and 0.5% $Cu(CH_3COO)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ solution were used respectively. To estimate natural dyeing properties of Changhoji, the value of $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ and Munsell HV/C were measured by spectrophotometer. The super eight colors produced as follows; red from safflower, orang from goldthread and gardenia, yellow from turmeric, green and turquoise from indigo and pagoda tree flower, violet and magenta from sappanwood, and blue from indigo.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

Safflower, a natural dye representing red, is the dye that materials and dyeing method are recorded in the literature, including materials and dyeing. Although the safflower is the same, the ash used as a mordant is recorded differently in each literature, which greatly affects the aesthetic perspective in realizing the traditional safflower red. Therefore, the optimal conditions for realizing the traditional safflower red were sought. The experiment was conducted by pH investigation, dyeing and color analysis by dyeing solution water, concentration, and temperature by ash, and the unique color of red was confirmed. As a result of the test, the pH point of time when the uniq ue color was expressed was 11.53 as goosefoot ash (natural bedrock water), which was 1:100 for concentration and 70℃ for temperature, which was easier to extract red pigment than other ash, indicating that it is suitable for safflower dyeing. The analysis of the ash showed that K and Si play an important role in dyeing, especially Si, which is an element that inhibits carthamon. The color of red was similar to that of KS Standard vivid purplish red in the ash of the goosefoot, and the other ash was deep purplish pink. In the light of findings, it was possible to quantify the dyeing method through traditional materials and find the standard color of red color, and it is judged to be a basic data for studying the unique color of natural materials.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

A view of cultural heritage as a form of capital considers the long term, dynamic, evolutionary, inter-temporal and inter-generational aspects of cultural heritage. The principles of sustainability provide a basis on the broader issue of culture in economic development. They might be capable of specifying a pattern of development that is "culturally sustainable" in the same way as somewhat similar set of criteria derived for the natural world, the criteria for defining ecologically and environmentally sustainable development. Thus we might accept the principles of material and non-material advancement, intergenerational and intra-generational equity, the maintenance of cultural diversity, the precautionary principle, and the recognition of system interdependence as benchmarks in assessing a cultural development process.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.214-232
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• 2023

Stromatolite at the Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan was designated as a natural monument in December 2009 because it was very excellent in terms of rarity, accessibility, preservation and scale. From the time of designation, the necessity of confirming the lateral extension of the stromatolite beds with the excavation of the surrounding area, and preparing a preservation plan was raised. Accordingly, the Cultural Heritage Administration conducted an investigation of the scale, production pattern, and weathering state of stromatolites with an excavation from April to December 2022, and based on this, suggested natural heritage values and conservation and use plans. The excavation was carried out in a 1,186m² area surrounding the exposed hemispherical stromatolite (approximately 30m2). Stromatolites are continuously distributed over the entire excavation area, and hemispherical stromatolites predominate in the eastern region, and the distribution and size of hemispherical domes tend to decrease toward the west. These characteristics are interpreted as a result of long-term growth in large-scale lakes, where stratiform or small columnar domes continued to grow and connect with each other, finally forming large domes. Consequently, large and small domes were distributed on the bedding plane in clusters like coral reefs. The growth of plants and lichens, as well as small-scale faults and joints developed on the stromatolite bedding surface, is the main cause of accelerated weathering. However, preservation treatment with chemicals as with dinosaur footprints or dinosaur egg fossil sites is not suitable due to the characteristics of stromatolites, and preservation with the installation of closed protection facilities should be considered. This excavation confirmed that the distribution, size and value of stromatolites are much larger and higher than at the time of designation as a natural monument. Therefore, additional excavation of areas by experts that could not be excavated due to the discovery of buried cultural properties (stone chamber tombs) and reexamination of the expansion designation of natural monuments are required.

• Korean Architects
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• s.616
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• pp.142-147
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• 2020