• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 2002

Volumetric soil water contents through a soil profile were monitored to identify the effects of tillage systems and soil physico-chemical characteristic on soil water movement from the soil profile. Water content profiles under no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) practices were compared at two commercial farms in central Illinois from 1992 through 1994, using neutron-scattering techniques in weekly intervals during each growing season. The volumetric water content of surface soil layers was affected more by tillage systems and rainfall amounts, whereas that of the subsoil layers was more strongly affected by soil types. Soil water percolated faster through Saybrook and Catlin soils than through Drummer, Flanagan, and Ipava soils because Saybrook and Catlin soils have lower clay content and water-retention capacity and higher permeability than Drummer, Flanagan, and Ipava soils. Increased soil organic matter (SOM) in Drummer, Flanagan, and Ipava soils would be attributable to the higher soil water retention than other soil types. Soil water contents in the corn root zone were consistently higher under CT plots than under NT plots.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.169-173
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• 2015

Fe compounds of volcanic basalt samples distributed at the Hantan riverside in Cheorwon were investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectroscopy. We found that samples were typical basic rock which consisted of augite, anorthite, albite and sanidine etc. They had the total amount of iron compounds including hematite (${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$) varies from 6.20 w% to 12.8 w% depending on the different regions by XRF. The $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra of the samples were consisted of three doublets. The balance state of Fe ions of all samples were chiefly $Fe^{2+}$, and $Fe^{2+}/Fe^{3+}$ ratios were 2.27~3.42.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

Lifeline Damages induced by earthquake loading brings not only a structure damage but the communication problems by the interruption of various energy utilities such as electric power, gas, and water resources. Earthquake loss estimation systems in USA and Japan, called as HAZUS (Hazard in US) and HERAS (Hazards Estimation and Restoration Aid System), respectively, have been established for the purpose of efficient responding to the earthquake hazard. Sufficient damage records are required to establish these systems. However, there are insufficient data set of damage records obtained from previous earthquakes in Korea. In this study, according to the construction specifications of the pipelines in both Korea and USA, the behavior of both ductile and brittle pipelines embedded in dense sand overlying various soils, such as clay, sand, and gravel were examined with respect to the pipeline characteristics under various earthquake loadings. The applicability of pipeline damage prediction used in HAZUS program to Korea has been investigated.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2019

There are more and more citizens suffering from severe fatigue, and they wish to escape from it and spend their leisure time for healing. As a result, buildings and complexes are being constructed nationwide with healing as their theme. Particularly, they tend to build facilities with concepts like a spa, beauty, healing, meditation, nature, or forest healing. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of healing environment and the nationwide tendencies of building facilities with healing as their theme and also investigate the planning characteristics of complexes and architecture with three representative complexes as examples. Complexes intended for healing have immersion into nature being freed from one's routine as their concept. When planning the flow of human traffic within the complexes, they try to obtain the autonomy of choice as well as the diversity of space and experiential factors in order to provide opportunities for experiencing nature. In the complexes selected for a case study here, they have planned the factors of physical environment that are associated with one another based on architectural education programs using red clay, programs specializing poetry, and healing programs using food. Typically, this is centered around outdoor experiential space, indoor meditation and education space, or fitness space. Also, it is characterized by the planning of physical environment and the complex operation of programs. Particularly, public space is divided into communal space, resting space, and health and treatment space, and health/resting space is mainly intended for health and exercise, for example, fitness, spas, or jjimjilbang (Korean dry saunas). Also, it is characterized by the planning of pitched roofs harmonized with nature and also facade planning that can positively adopt the factors of natural environment.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.211-220
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• 2021

Tunnel collapse often occurs during deep underground tunneling (> 40 m depth) in South Korea. Natural cavities as well as water supply pipes, sewer pipes, electric power cables, artificial cavities created by subway construction are complexly distributed in the artificial ground in the shallow depths of the urban area. For deep tunnel excavation, it is necessary to understand the properties of the ground which is characterized by porous elements and various geological structures, and their influence on the stability of the ground. This study analyzed geological factors for risk assessment in deep excavation in South Korea based on domestic and overseas case study. As a result, a total of 7 categories and 38 factors were derived. Factors with high weights were fault and fault clay, differential stress, rock type, groundwater and mud inrush, uniaxial compressive strength, cross-sectional area of tunnel, overburden thickness, karst and valley terrain, fold, limestone alternation, fluctuation of groundwater table, tunnel depth, dyke, RQD, joint characteristics, anisotropy, rockburst and so forth.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.645-653
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• 2021

Biopolymer is a general concept for high molecular compounds produced by living organisms. Among them, the xanthan and β-glucan, which are organic polymer mixture produced by micro-organisms, are mainly used to increase the viscosity of a substance. And diluting in water and mixing with sand or clay can increase compressive strength and shear strength. In this study, mixed soil prepared by mixing soil with xanthan and beta-glucan based biopolymers specially developed for the purpose of increasing soil strength was applied to the river bank revetment, and changes during winter were measured using ground LiDAR. As a result of analyzing winter changes in major sections using three-dimensional point cloud data obtained through ground LiDAR, there were no changes to the extent that it was difficult to confirm with the naked eye in the two sections coated with biopolymer blended soil. However, soil loss due to Rill erosion was confirmed in the natural embankment section where biopolymer blended soil was not used.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2022

Among various industries, the textile industry uses the largest amount of water for coloring textiles which leads to a large amount of wastewater containing various kinds of dye. There are various methods for the removal of dye such as flocculation, ozone treatment, adsorption, etc. But these processes are not much successful due to the issue of recycling which enhances the cost. Alternatively, the membrane separation process for the treatment of dye in wastewater is already documented as the best available technique. Polymeric membrane and ceramic membrane are two separate groups of separation membranes. Advantages of ceramic membranes include the ease of cleaning, long lifetime, good chemical and thermal resistance, and mechanical stability. Ceramic membranes can be prepared from various sources and natural materials like clay, zeolite, and fly ash are very cheap and easily available. In this review separation of wastewater is classified into mainly three groups: ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), and nanofiltration (NF) process.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.313-318
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• 1998

Using direct headspace sampling (DHS) method, volatile terpenoid content was measured according to carrot cultured areas and various portions of carrot. In comparison of volatile terpenoid content in xylem and phloem of carrot, every volatile terpenoid was distributed highly in the xylem rather than the phloem of carrot. The carrot was divided into three different sections; upper (crown), middle (midsection), and lower part (tip), and the volatile terpenoids were measured. The content of ${\alpha}-pinene,\;{\beta}-pinene,\;{\beta}-myrcene,\;and\;{\gamma}-terpinene$ tended to be distributed highly in the upper part rather than the lower part, whereas the content of terpinolene and total terpenoids tended to be high in the lower part. In comparison of volatile terpenoid content according to the carrot cultured areas, volatile terpenoid content of carrot cultured in Cheju island was higher than Yangsan and Haenam areas. In case of total terpenoids, the carrot clutivars cultured in Cheju island contained $1.6{\sim}2.3\;times$ higher than those of Yangsan, and $1.5{\sim}2.4\;times$ higher than Haenam. In order to investigate the above results, we sampled out soils from the carrot fields and measured physical and chemical characteristics of the soils. The pH did not show much difference in the three areas. However the organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and total exchangeable cation in soil from Cheju were $2.4{\sim}3.0\;times$ higher than Yangsan and $3.9{\sim}7.1\;times$ higher than Haenam. The physical characteristics of the soils was investigated. The soil from Cheju island was found to be loam; Yangsan, sandy loam, and Haenam, clay loam.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2021

In the Arctic Ocean, the distribution of sea ice and ice sheets changes as climate changes. Because the distribution of ice cover influences the mineral composition of marine sediments, studying marine sediments transported by sea ice or iceberg is very important to understand the global climate change. This study analyzes marine sediment samples collected from the Arctic Ocean and infers the provenance of the sediments to reconstruct the paleoenvironment changes of the western Arctic. The analyzed samples include four gravity cores collected from the Araon mound in the Chukchi Plateau and one gravity core collected from the slope between the Araon mounds. The core sediments were brown, gray, and greenish gray, each of which corresponds to the characteristic color of sediments deposited during the interglacial/glacial cycle in the western Arctic Ocean. We divide the core sediments into three units based on the analysis of bulk mineral composition, clay mineral composition, and Ice Rafted Debris (IRD) as well as comparison with previous study results. Unit 3 sediments, deposited during the last glacial maximum, were transported by sea ice and currents after the sediments of the Kolyma and Indigirka Rivers were deposited on the continental shelf of the East Siberian Sea. Unit 2 sediments, deposited during the deglacial period, were from the Kolyma and Indigirka Rivers flowing into the East Siberian Sea as well as from the Mackenzie River and the Canadian Archipelago flowing into the Beaufort Sea. Unit 2 sediments also contained an extensive amount of IRD, which originated from the melted Laurentide Ice Sheet. During the interglacial stage, fine-grained sediments of Unit 1 were transported by sea ice and currents from Northern Canada and the East Siberian Sea, but coarse-grained sediments were derived by sea ice from the Canadian Archipelago.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.105-122
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• 2020

The purpose of this thesis is to contemplate Astrology, 28 Fixed star, and Naksatra. The goal of this study was to look through the birth process of Astrology in the classical literature, and to examine how it can be applied to each individual's life by looking into the meaning of 28 Fixed star and Nakshatra. From the literary review, Astrology existed among the Babylonians 1000 BC and it originated from the start of calling by naming the animal. Assyrians called it "the zodiac is the Way of the Moon" which was written on Molapin in the Enuma Anu Enil, the clay plate recorded by Assyrians. Therefore, it was found that the zodiac, called Astrology, was made through the movement of the moon. There are also 28 stars in 배도, which is the way the moon passes, and it is called 28 Fixed star. 28 Fixed Star is called Nakshatra in India and can read the natural destiny of an individual through Nakshatra., Knowing the lunar month and date, you can find the individual Nakshatra and choose the best life in the framework of your natural destiny. Therefore, this researcher reviewed the literature on Astrology, 28 Fixed Star and Nakshatra and suggested the utilization plan. I hope this study will help the related field in the future.