• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.223-234
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• 2016

The main purpose of current study is to find the soil effects on natural period of elevated tank. The coupled analytical method is used to assess in this study. The current study presented models which are capable to consider the soil dynamic stiffness changes and fluid- structure interaction effects on natural period of elevated tanks. The basic of mentioned models is extracted from elastic beam and lumped mass theory. The finite element is used to verify the results. It is observed that, external excitation can change the natural period of elevated tanks. Considering the increase of excitation frequency, the natural period will be decreased. The concluded values of natural period in case of soft and very soft soil are more affected from excitation frequency values. The high range of excitation frequency may reduce the natural period values. In addition it is observed that the excitation frequency has no significant effect on convective period compare with impulsive period.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.319-329
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• 1989

Heat transfer phenomena during inward melting and solidification process of the phase change material were studied expertimentally. The phase change medium was 99% pure n-docosane paraffin ($C_{22}H_{46}$). The solid-liquid interface motion during phase change was recorded photographically. Measurements were made on the temperature, the solid-liquid interface, the melted or frozen mass and the various energy components stored or extracted from the cylinder wall. For melting, the experimental results reaffirmed the dominant role played by the conduction at an early stage, by the natural convection at longer time. For solidification, natural convection effects in the superheated liquid were modest and were confined to short freezing time. Although the latent energy is the largest contributor to the total stored or extracted energy, the aggregate sensible energies can make a significant contribution, especially at large cylinder wall superheating or subcooling, large initial phase change material subcooling or superheating.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 1998

The leukocyte NADPH oxidase of neutrophils is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the production of $O_2^-$ from oxygen using NADPH as an electron donor. Dormant in resting neutrophils, the enzyme acquires catalytic activity when the cells are exposed to appropriate stimuli. During activation, the cytosolic oxidase components $p47^{phox}$ and $p67^{phox}$ migrate to the plasma membrane, where they associate with cytochrome $b_{558}$, a membrane-bound flavohemoprotein, to assemble the active oxidase. The oxidase can be activated in a cell-free system; the activating agent usually employed is an anionic amphiphile such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Because $p47^{phox}$ can translocate by itself during activation, the conformational change in $p47^{phox}$ may be responsible for the activation of NADPH oxidase. We show here that the treatment of $p47^{phox}$ with SDS leads to an increase in the reactivity of the sutbydryl group of cysteines toward N-ethylmaleimide, indicating that the conformational change occurs when $p47^{phox}$ is exposed to SDS. We propose that this change in conformation results in the appearance of a binding site through which $p47^{phox}$ interacts with cytochrome $b_{558}$during the activation process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2017

국지 혹은 지역적인 기후의 특성은 지구규모 또는 종관규모에서의 온실가스 증가로 인한 온난화와 동시에 도시화 (urbanization)에 따른 열섬 현상 (heat island effect)을 포함한 인위적인 요소들이 복합적으로 작용하여 나타날 수 있다. 도시화에 따른 지면피복의 변화는 관측된 온난화 신호에 일정부분 기여하며, 도시 지역은 농촌 및 산림 지역과 비교하여 수문 및 기후학적 측면에서 지역 내 에너지수지 및 물수지의 특성이 상이하기 때문에, 지구온난화에 의한 전 지구적 현상과 도시화에 의한 국소적 현상을 구분하여 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 또한 향후 도시/비도시에 따른 도시화 편향 영향으로 인한 기후변화 예측의 편이를 분석하는데 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 급격한 도시화로 인한 인위적인 기후변화 (anthropogenic climate change)와 종관규모에서의 자연적 기후변화 (natural climate change or climate change)에 기인한 부분을 정량적으로 구분하고자 한다. 이를 위해 도시화의 정도가 서로 다른 도시 지역 및 농촌, 산림 지역을 선정하여 최근 50년간 (1966~2015년) 기상청 관측소의 기상자료와 각 관측지점별 인구수 및 인구증가/감소 추세를 비교함으로써 도시화율의 변화가 기상요소에 미치는 영향의 지역별 차이를 정량적으로 분석하였다.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.3-25
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• 2011

As extremes of climate such as heavy storms, rainfalls, and droughts tend to be routine in recent years, global climate change becomes a serious concern not only for natural scientists but also for scholars of the human sciences. Efforts to tackle the anthropogenic climate change certainly require not only scientific knowledge about it but also a new sociocultural paradigm for valorizing and respecting nature in its own right. The huge casualties and mass destruction caused by recent climate disasters also remind us that nature has been an important factor to bring about changes in human history-a fact largely ignored in traditional history. This again validates the ecocritical request to prioritize place, physical setting, or the relationship characters hold with the natural world in understanding literary works. In this context this paper aims to demonstrate the importance of the meteorological vision in creating as well as understanding literary and cultural texts by examining such works as Shelley's "The Cloud," Byron's "Darkness," Keats's "To Autumn," all produced during the period of dramatic climate change including "the year without summer." It also briefly discusses Roland Emmerich's 2004 movie The Day after Tomorrow as a way of understanding recent cultural responses to the crisis of global warming.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2009

The forecasting, mitigation and preparedness of the natural disaster impacts require relevant information regarding the disaster desirable in real time. In the meantime it is requiring the rapid and continuous data and information generation or gathering for possible prediction and monitoring of the natural disaster. Since disasters that cause huge social and economic disruptions normally affect large areas or territories and are linked to global change. The use of traditional and conventional methods for management of the natural disaster impact can not be effectively implemented for intial data col1ection with the further processing. The space technology or remote sensing tools offer excellent possibilities of collecting vital data. The main reason is capability of this technology of collecting data at global and regional scales rapidly and repetitively. This is unchallenged advantage of the space methods and technology. The satellite or remote sensing techniques can be used to monitor the current situation, the situation before based on the data in sight. as well as after disaster occurred. They can be used to provide baseline data against which future changes can be compared while the GIS techniques provide a suitable framework for integrating and analyzing the many types of data sources required for disaster monitoring. Developed GIS is an excellent instrument for definition of the social impact status of the natural disaster which can be undertaken in the future database developments. This methodology is a good source for analysis and dynamic change studies of the natural disaster impacts.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find purchase appraisal standard and post-purchase satisfaction for natural dyeing products. The data used for this study were collected from the women in their from 20's to 50's who are living in the regions of Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam in Korea. The questionnaire of 537 copies was used for a statistical analysis. To analyze data, 2-test, t-test, Cronbach's a test, factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, regression analysis, etc. were carried out. A used statistical package was SPSS 14.0. The analysis results were as follows. The purchase appraisal standards for natural dyeing products were identified as practicality and reliability, suitability of use, symbolic property of status, design property, and convenience of buying. As the analysis result for purchase appraisal standard according to the demographic characteristics, the purchase appraisal standard according to most demographic characteristics showed significant difference. The factors of post-purchase satisfaction for natural dyeing products were verified as product modification and durability, design and price, hygienic property and product quality. As the analysis results of post-purchase satisfaction for natural dyeing products according to demographic characteristics, the post-purchase satisfaction according to demographic characteristics showed significant difference. The factors affecting post-purchase satisfaction were verified as product quality, kinds of item, color change, product lifespan, color change, etc. Consequently, because the purchase appraisal standard of natural dyeing product is very various, it is necessary to enhance post-purchase satisfaction of natural dyeing products by reflecting these factors in advance at the product development stage.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.251-265
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• 2007

This study is a research on the etiology in Wu Youke's wenyi theory. In regard to the etiology of epidemic disease that had been spread on a very large scale at that time, Wu Youke denied the traditional theory which urged the irregular change of climate as the cause of epidemic disease, and proposed the concept of 'zaqi' which was considered by him to be something that could be the real cause of epidemic disease. And He treated the wenyi disease as something that has the same meaning with wenbing, so his concept on wenbing was basically the thing that treats 'zaqi' as the fundamental cause of wenbing and treats the concept of 'wen(溫)' as an environmental cause that could help activate the virulence of 'zaqi'. Such concept like this was the thing somewhat different from the traditional etiological theory that considers the change of climate as the principal cause of waigan(外感)-disease, and it must for the most part have been originated from the experience of Wu Youke himself. But this study, in contrast, based on the thing he denied the traditional theory on the irregular change of climate, has been done in the point of view that fundamental concept of his wenyi theory such as 'zaqi' was not only originated from his clinical experience but also from the influence of paradigm shift in the natural philosophy of that time. There had been so much change in cosmology and natural philosophy from the fundamental basis at that time, and the the most principal concept of it was that there always exists irregular faces in the change of nature. Such concept like this got into its stride from about 17th century, and it was expressed in the form of the severe criticism against the traditional natural philosophy. In regard to this, this study has outlined the academic thought of the leading scholars who made a significant progress in such a paradigm shift, and it includes the scholars like Wang Tingxiang, Wang Fuzhi, Hu Wei, Huang Zongxi, who played their role in the time of the latter period of Ming dynasty and the former period of Qing dynasty.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.54-55
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• 2015

Increase of impervious areas due to expansion of housing area, commercial and business building of urban is resulting in property change of stormwater runoff. Also, rapid urbanization and heavy rain due to climate change lead to urban flood and debris flow damage. In 2010 and 2011, Seoul had experienced shocking flooding damages by heavy rain. All these have led to increased interest in applying LID and decentralized rainwater management as a means of urban hydrologic cycle restoration and Natural Disaster Prevention such as flooding and so on. Urban development is a cause of expansion of impervious area. It reduces infiltration of rain water and may increase runoff volume from storms. Low Impact Development (LID) methods is to mimic the predevelopment site hydrology by using site design techniques that store, infiltrate, evaporate, detain runoff, and reduction flooding. Use of these techniques helps to reduce off-site runoff and ensure adequate groundwater recharge. The contents of this paper include a hydrologic analysis on a site and an evaluation of flooding reduction effect of LID practice facilities planned on the site. The region of this Case study is LID Rainwater Management Demonstration District in A-new town and P-new town, Korea. LID Practice facilities were designed on the area of rainwater management demonstration district in new town. We performed analysis of reduction effect about flood discharge. SWMM5 has been developed as a model to analyze the hydrologic impacts of LID facilities. For this study, we used weather data for around 38 years from January 1973 to August 2014 collected from the new town City Observatory near the district. Using the weather data, we performed continuous simulation of urban runoff in order to analyze impacts on the Stream from the development of the district and the installation of LID facilities. This is a new approach to stormwater management system which is different from existing end-of-pipe type management system. We suggest that LID should be discussed as a efficient method of urban disasters and climate change control in future land use, sewer and stormwater management planning.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.30 no.3_4
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• pp.381-393
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• 2012

In this paper, we show two ways of the time reparametrization of piecewise Pythagorean-hodograph $C^1$ Hermite interpolants. One is the time reparametrization with no shape change, and the other is that with shape change. We show that the first reparametrization does not depend on the boundary data and that it is uniquely determined by the size of parameter domain, up to the general cases. We empirically show that the second parametrization can cause the change of the shape of interpolant.