• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1998

The present study was performed to observe characteristics of the lifE history of Echinoparvphium recunpatum under both natural and laboratory conditions in Korea. A batch of Rcnix aunculnria corecna was collected from Sunamchon, one of the stream of West Naktonggang (River), in Kangso-gu, Pusan during August and September 1992. Out of 106 snails examined by crushing,52 (49.0%) were infected with larval E. recurvaum i.e. rediae, cercariae and metacercariae. Cercariae naturally shed from snails encysted in the snails of same species and loaches, but not in mud-snails. Adult worms were detected from chicks and ducks experimentally infected with metacercariae, but not from rats and mice. The average recovery rate of adults from chicks was 13.1%. Rediae were sac-like, $2.437{\;}{\times}{\;}0.317{\;}mm$ in average size, with a muscular pharynx and a brownish cecum which reached the anterior half of the body. Cercariae consisted of a spindle-shaped body ($0.262{\;}{\times}{\;}0.129{\;}mm$ in average) and a rod-like tail ($0.528{\;}{\times}{\;}0.056{\;}mm$ in average). In the cercarial body, 45 collar spines were observed on the head crown, and double rows of excretory ducts with fine granules were laterally arranged between the pharynnx and the ventral sucker. Metacercariae were spherical, $0.144{\;}{\times}{\;}0.142{\;}mm in average size, with thick hyaline outer and thin elastic inner walls, and many excretory granules. Adults were slender and more attenuated in the anterior end, $0.2760{\;}{\times}{\;}0.550{\;}mm$ in average size, and had 45 collar spines including four end group spines on both ventral corners. From the above results, it was confirmed that R. auriculnna corennc plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of 5. recuwatum as the first and/or second intermediate hosts in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1393-1398
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the extraction condition of alginate from Laminaria japonica, the enzymatic degradation of the extracted alginate, and the inhibitory activity of the degraded alginate on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The optimal conditions for the efficient extraction, precipitation, and recovery of alginate from the brown seaweed L. japonica were 1% for Na₂CO₃ concentration, 80℃ for extraction temperature, and ethanol for precipitation solvent. In the enzymatic reaction for the production of low-molecular-weight alginate (LMWA) by using alginate lyase from Flavobacterium sp., the initial concentration of Laminaria alginate was 3%. The low-molecular-weight degree from alginate was independent with the enzyme concentration, and the optimal concentration of alginate lyase was found to be 5 unit/ml. Through the enzymatic reaction with 5 unit/ml of alginate lyase at 37℃ for 3 hr, the viscosity and molecular weight of LMWA were 4.5 cp and 307 kDa, respectively. Treatment with LMWA significantly suppressed the accumulation of lipid droplet and triglyceride in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, it seems that LMWA treatment could inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These results indicate that LMWA or the degraded alginate produced by alginate lyase enzyme can be useful for the development of anti-obesity biosubstances.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out in order to elucidate the effect of NaCl(0.85%) acclimation on congestion symptoms in central venous sinuses(CVS) of gill filaments and on the alteration of blood constituents in cultured eels for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7days after handling stress. After giving a handling stress on eels, the frequency of gill congestion was about 90%. It gradually decreased to 40% on the 3rd day, then increased to 60% on the 7th day in NaCl(0.85%) acclimation. The values of haematocrit(Ht), methemoglobin(Met-Hb), glucose (GLU), calcium($Ca^{++}$), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) were lower than those of the control, whereas magnesium($Mg^{++}$) and haemoglobin(Hb) were higher than the control. However total protein(Tp) and albumin (ALB) levels similar to the control. When the fish after giving a handling stress were cultured in NaCl-free water as a control, the frequency of gill congestion and the value of blood components showed a similar pattern to that obtained from the NaCl acclimated experiments. However, in the early period(1-3day) after handling stress, NaCl acclimating slightly helped the natural tendancy of recovery. These results suggest that the frequency of gill congestion is not always reduced over the whole period of NaCl acclimation. However, the acclimation to NaCl solution may be a somewhat useful therapy for the gill congestion in stressed eels.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.311-315
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of disregarding of heat detection on embryo production in superovulation of Hanwoo cows. Donors which showed 1 or 2 times of normal heat and had no abnormality of reproductive tract were selected The superovulation was performed injection of 2.5 mL FSH (Antorin R-10, Japan) 2 times on 5 days before next heat and continuously with the reduction of dose to 0.5 mL of first injection 2 times in a day for next 3 days. Otherwise, the donors of CIDR group were inserted CIDR plus (with the capsule of estradiol benzoate 10 mg) on Day 10 from standing heat for 9 days. On 6 days from insertion of CIDR, FSH was injected above same manners. The response according to the natural heat and CIDR were $82.2\%,\;89.7\%$, respectively. There were no difference between both treatments. The recovery rates of embryos were 7.7, 10.5, respectively and transferable embryos were 3.4, 3.8. There showed significant difference between both treatments (p<0.05). These results suggested that disregarding of heat detection in superovulation could be produced transferable embryos for embryo transfer and preserve the donors from the excess hormonal administration and maintain the economical lift span of genetically available Hanwoo donors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.49-57
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• 2009

The cloning of canids was succeeded in 2005, several years after the birth of Dolly the sheep and also after the cloning of numerous other laboratory and farm animal species. The delay of successful somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)was due to the unique reproductive characteristics of the female dogin comparison to other domestic mammals, such as ovulation of immature canine oocyte and a requirement of 25 days for the completion of meiosis within the oviduct (Holst & Phemister, 1971). When the technology for the recovery of in vivo matured oocyte was established, the application of cloning also became possible and cloned dog offspring were obtained. This report summarizes the progress of technical procedures that are required for cloning canids and the application of this technique. The first cloned dog, Snuppy, was achieved using an in vivo-matured oocyte which was enucleated and transferred with an adult skin cell of male Afghan hound. After establishment of a criterion of well-matured oocyte for the improvement of SCNT efficiency, we obtained three cloned female Afghan hound and a toy poodle cloned from 14 year-old aged Poodle using SCNT through this factor. To date, cloned dogs appeared to be normal and those that have reached puberty have been confirmed to be fertile. Through application of canine SCNT technique, first, we demonstrated that SNCT is useful for conserving the breed of endangered animal from extinction through cloning of endangered gray wolves using inter-species SCNT and keeping the pure pedigree through the cloning of Sapsaree, a Korean natural monument. Secondly, we showed possibility of human disease model cloned dog and transgenic cloned dog production through cloning of red fluorescent protein expressing dog. Finally, SCNT can be used for the propagation of valuable genotypes for making elite seed stock and pet dog. In summary, dog cloning is a reproducible technique that offers the opportunity to preserve valuable genetics and a potential step towards the production of gene targeted transgenic cloned dogs for the study of human diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

This research has been shown the strategic disaster prevention and safety management's methodology that minimize the demage and loss from environmental disaster: it is made the renewable energy using the urban wastes causing the main environmental disaster, it minimize the generating cost from the environmental disaster, it gain the energy source for preparing the large-scale shutdown electricity, it gain the profit from the continuous electric power and heat energy's generating, it gain the renewal energy source from the old urban wastes' landfill, it give back the citizen the clean environment, the construction cost is able to be solved form the profit which the power plant is made the plasma gasification generation of the urban wastes, it create the new related jobs in the local government, it base to be invested the local industrial zone's commercialization due to the renewal energy power plant. Especially, in happen to the large-scale natural disaster's typhoon and earthquake, in the result generating the large-scale urban wastes, it is shown the prepared and robust model which contribute the preventing recovery of the local economy using the renewal energy of the urban wastes, and the strategic disaster prevention and safety management's method in the future city.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.6
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• 2017

Background: This study aimed to analyze the on heart rate, blood lactate concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) response after conducting exercise in endurance horses. Methods: A total of 20 healthy 3-9-years-old Jeju crossbreed mares ($5.95{\pm}2.24$ year) of age and $312.65{\pm}13.59kg$ of weight) currently participating the endurance competition were used. The field tests selected for the experiment was gallop (approximately 8.3 m/s) along the selected 2.5 km course (a natural forest trail, not artificial road; a closed loop course). The horses were divided into three groups according to their age; 3-4 years of age (G1, $3.29{\pm}0.49$ year), 6-7 years of age (G2, $6.42{\pm}0.53$), and 8-9 years of age (G3, $8.50{\pm}0.55$). The measurements times for the heart rate, blood lactate concentration, PCV, and Hb analysis were conducted before exercise (T0), shortly after exercise (T1), 15 min after exercise (T2), and 30 min after exercise (T3), respectively. Data was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures with times and groups. Results: The results of the comparison depending on the passage of rest time after exercise suggest that the heart rate and blood lactate concentration of three groups at T2 significantly decreased compared to T1 (p < 0.001). PCV of the G2 and G3 groups were significantly decreased at T2 compared to T1 (p < 0.01). Hb values at G2 (p < 0.01) and G3 (p < 0.001) groups were significantly decreased at T2 as compared to T1. However, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, PCV and Hb level at T1 showed no difference in the comparison of horses from different age groups with the exception of G3 group in terms of heart rate. Conclusion: The physiologic and hematological responses of horses during recovery time after 2,500 m exercise with gallop were no significant difference among the groups. These data are useful as a response evaluation method for training of endurance horses.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.425-434
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• 2007

In this paper, the stability standards of slopes reclaimed by soils mixed with stone dust were proposed to manage the stone dust as recovery soils. First of all, the mixed ratio between stone dust and natural soil is classified into 5 groups, and a series of soil test was performed in each group. As the results of tests, the shear strength and the maximum dry unit weight were increased in decrease of the mixed ratio of stone dust. On the basis of the investigation to the safety factor standards of embankment slopes in and outside the country, a slope stability rank of slopes reclaimed by mixed soils were divided into 3 stages such as unstable stage, attention stage and stable stage. The slope angle, the slope height and the mixed ratio with stone dust were proposed by the result of stability analysis of slopes reclaimed by mixed soils. As the result of slope stability analysis, the slope angle of 1 : 1.8 at the reclaimed slope should be constructed in case of the slope height of 10 m. Also, the slope angle of 1 : 1.8 and the mixed ratio of stone dust less than 50% should be constructed in case of the slope height of 15 m. The analysis result of reclaimed slope constructed inside the quarry is similar to that of reclaimed slope constructed on the open ground in same conditions of the slope angle, the slope height and the mixed ratio with stone dust. The proposed stability standards of slopes reclaimed by soils mixed with stone dust can be used practically at the quarrying site.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.339-347
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• 2014

This study investigated the classification of olive oils that are mainly distributed in Korea via imports. The fatty acid contents, degree of color, pigments, anti-oxidants, and sterol contents are analyzed on the different types of olive oil as follows: 10 kinds of extra virgin olive oil, 5 kinds of pure olive oil, and 5 kinds of refined olive-pomace oil. As a result of fatty acid analysis, the majority of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$), and minority of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) were detected without any significant differences between the grades of olive oils. The UV spectrum is related to the ${\Delta}K$, and it is a part of the analysis factor for the purity and degree of degradation of the oil. Extra virgin olive oil had ${\Delta}K$ of almost 0, pure olive oil had 0.07~0.12, and refined olive-pomace oil had 0.1~0.13. These differed from extra virgin oil, and the pure or pomace oil ${\Delta}K$ had a confirmed distinct difference. The color degrees of chlorophyll with a low $L^*$ value and $(-)a^*$ (green) and carotenoid with $(+)b^*$ (yellow) were confirmed to have correlation between extra virgin and other olive oils. To compare chlorophyll and carotenoid as natural pigment in olive oils, 417 nm and the ratio of the absorbance at 480 nm (417/480) was calculated at 1.62 of extra virgin, 1.85 of pure olive oil, and 3.32 of refined olive-pomace oil. Therefore, it will be possible to distinguish when the extra virgin or pure olive oil are mixed with olive-pomace oil. The total amount of tocopherol, an anti-oxidant, were 19.06 in extra virgin, 10.91 in pure olive oil, and 27.88 in refined olive-pomace oil. The high content of tocopherol in pomace oil caused recovery of solvent extraction from olive pulp. Thus, extra virgin oil and pure olive oil were distinguished by olive-pomace oil. Polyphenol compounds in extra virgin olive oil measured high only in ferulic acid with 0.543 mg/kg, caffeic acid with 0.393 mg/kg, and other vanillic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid had similar amount of 0.3 mg/kg. All grade of olive oils had the highest ${\beta}$-sitosterol content. Af (Authenticity factor) value were estimated with campesterol and stigmasterol content ratio (%). Af value was 19.2 in extra virgin olive oil, 17.1 in pure olive oil, 16.9 in refined olive-pomace oil, which were distinctive from sunflower oil with 3.7, corn oil with 2.4, and soybean oil with 2.0. It can provide important indicator of olive oil adulteration with other cheap vegetable oils. The results of this study can be used as a database for the classification of olive oil grade and distinguishing between the different types of oils.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2006

To High Throughput Screening (HTS), a homogeneous fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was developed for the quantitative determination of ochratoxin A(OTA) using a $Victor^3$ (PerkinElmer). The homologous tracer, fluorescein-labelled OTA-EDF were synthesized and a specific OTA antibody has been used in the development of the method. It allowed the determination of OTA in the concentration range 0.5-200 ng/ml, with the detection limit of 0.3 ng/ml. The method developed was highly specific and reproducible. OTA spikes in unpolished rice extracts were determinable by FPIA with good recovery. For naturally contaminated unpolished rice samples some disagreement was observed between the results obtained by FPIA and HPLC, which could be related to the a little matrix effect observed for FPIA. Further research is needed to validate the procedure. On the basis of these initial results, this FPIA appears to meet the performance criteria for OTA screening of food samples without a complicated clean-up.